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　　日本尾鹫市小学建立于1876年，在以Kumano kodo著称的东Kishuu地区是最古老的小学。而Kumano kodo是世界遗址区的一部分。该地区位于尾鹫市中部，三面环Kii山，逐渐向东倾斜，伸向大海。因为许多当地人都从这所学校毕业，一代代人都继承着尾鹫市小学和该区域的记忆与有价值的历史文化。该项目的核心就是设计和实现现存的RC-结构建筑的翻新建造，也是对这座现存的已有50年之久的木结构建筑的重新建造。

　　From the architect. Established in 9th year of Meiji (1876), the Owase Primary School is one of the oldest primary schools in the East Kishuu where is famous for Kumano kodo which is the part of world heritage area. The site situates centrally in Owase, where the city is surrounded by the mountains of Kii from three sides and gently descends towards the east, opening out to the sea. With many of the residents being graduates from this school, the regional memory and their valued historical context are inherited by many generations who have relations with the Owase Primary School. The brief for the project was to design and deliver structural reinforcement/refurbishment of the existing RC-construction building and also the re-construction of the existing timber construction building, which has stood firm for more than 50 years.



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　　运动场外部现存的石台阶上的符号特征表明该小学已有超过100年的历史了。我们建议的方案是提供一个回廊空间，使其面向这些石台阶，将主门和现存的RC教室区连接起来。这个空间也可以作为以前的木结构教学楼的一个外部空间，学生们可以在这里换鞋子。紧邻这个空间的是多功能大厅和图书馆，将成为学校的中心空间，使不同年龄的学生们相聚在这里。周末或晚上，图书馆、专门教室和体育大厅会向社会开放，促进更多的地方活动。

　　The existing stone steps at the external play ground have symbolic significance to the over-100-years history of the Owase Primary School. The proposed scheme provided a corridor space that faces these stone steps and connects the main gate to the existing RC classroom block. This space also acts as an external corridor for the former timber school building where the students would change their footwear. Adjacent to this space are the multi-functional hall and the library, which will become central spaces for the school that enable students from different years to come in and use together. On weekends and evenings, the rooms connected to this corridor – library, specialist classrooms and sports hall – can be opened to the local community in order to encourage more regional activities.

　　该建筑由不同的层色带构成，形成不同的高度。底层有4层，一层有5层，一个中间层存在于两个楼层中间，一起构成了10层色带。每一层关于怎样配置空间都有一个原则——主要是由层高、窗户尺寸和仓库容积的不同决定，这些凹陷进墙体的元素成为项目的细节部分。层高的变化使空间带有很小的人文尺度空间和巨大的共享空间，二者联系在一起成为一个连续的横向空间。因为天花板和墙壁表面由每层的设计原则决定，所以立面和反光天花板在地板安排、增加中部空间整体深度上形成了鲜明的对比。它避免了单个空间彼此独立，使用者会产生一种连续的和流动的中部相关空间的自然特征。每一层的开口将会创建不同的视觉联系，某些地方框住了主要视野，能看到周围山川、海洋、操场和树木。

　　This architecture is formed from layered bands that have differing heights. The ground floor has 4 layers, the first floor has 5 layers and an intermediate layer exists between the two floors, making a 10-layer arrangement altogether. Each layer gives rules to how the spaces are configured – they determine the changes in ceiling heights, window sizes and dimensions of storage which are recessed into walls as joinery items. The variation in ceiling heights enables spaces with small human-scale spaces and large shared spaces to coexist as one continuous horizontal volume. With ceiling/wall surfaces dependent on the rules for each layer, the elevation and the reflected ceiling create contrasting characters with the floor arrangement, adding depth to the overall quality of the internal space. It avoids individual 'rooms' become independent from one another – users will sense a continuous and fluid nature of inter-relating spaces. Openings provided to each layer will create various visual connections and in places frame the key views out to the surrounding landscape (mountains, sea, playground and trees).

　　该建筑是由钢材和白杉木构成。主结构是钢框架结构形成的一个简单体系。钢柱位于2.65米空间的网结构体系中，这里的整体布局是40米×30米。如果网结构体系中的每一个节点都有一个钢柱的话，总共会有192个节点。为了保持和需要的预定尺寸一致，钢柱需要从网结构中减少。例如，一个8.1米×8.1米的模版空间可以被用作一个教室。按照此方法，底层有171个钢柱，一层有145个钢柱。支柱会适当添加在选好的区域来防御地震。最大的圆柱直径有136mm，最小的86mm，这意味着这种分配比例均衡了传统的木结构柱体，甚至表现的更轻巧。我们提议内部隔层使用135x165mm的白色杉木圆木材料，这是木墙结构的一种新方法。

　　The architecture is constructed with steel and white cedar. The main structure is formed with a simple system by steel frame construction. Steel columns are located on a grid system of 2.65m spacing, where the overall plan is 40m by 30m. If each junction within this grid system had a column, there will be 192 points altogether. Columns can be subtracted from the grid in accordance to the required accommodation sizes. For example, a modular space of 8.1m by 8.1m can be created to be used as a classroom. As a result of this methodology, the ground floor has 171 columns and the first floor has 145 columns. Braces are added to selected areas for earthquake protection. The largest columns are 136mm diameter and the smallest are 86mm diameter – which means that the proportions are equal to conventional timber construction columns or even more slender.The proposal uses white cedar log (135x165mm) material for internal partitions as a new method for timber wall construction.

　　这些木结构柱体由钢柱体支撑着，以免掉落。考虑到安全性、建造的效率和保证墙结构的稳定结实，圆木被插进栓槽中600次，然后通过用钢环使其非常牢固。这种结构用在了每一个内部空间，而没有用在耐火区和外墙。这种方法不需要层或板下方，比如LGS和已粉刷区域，满足了内墙的建造过程，因为复杂的层结构，这里经常很费时间。白杉木圆柱堆叠起来成为墙体，创建了一个有机环境，带有很大的自然气息。这种墙的耐久性比较适用于学校，因为学校会进行许多活动。我们相信这种结构技术的使用可能是一个未来探索木材料作为内墙的开端，同样，水密性和防火、防风性也会考虑在内。

　　These are supported by the steel columns to prevent them from falling. Taking into account of the safety and efficiency of construction and ensuring the structural stability/robustness of the walls, the logs are inserted into bolts in 600 pitch and then stiffened up by applying torque. These are used in every internal space other than the fire-rated and external walls. This method does not require under layer/board such as LGS nor paint finish, simplifying the construction process of internal walls which could often be time consuming due to their multi-layer properties. White cedar logs are stacked up to become wall finishes as themselves, creating an organic learning environment with great natural feel. The durability of these walls is suitable for schools where many activities take place throughout the lifespan of the building. We feel that the use of this construction technique can be a starting point for future exploration of log-material as internal walls, as issues such as water-tightness and fire/wind protection will not need to be considered.

　　建筑设计事务所：Yasuyuki ITO/CAn · Office Profile
　　项目位置：日本 尾鹫市
　　项目面积：2738.0 平米
　　项目时间：2012年
　　摄影：Hiroshi Ueda

　　Architects:Yasuyuki ITO/CAn · Office Profile
　　Location:Owase, Japan
　　Area:2738.0 sqm
　　Project Year:2012
　　Photographs:Hiroshi Ueda