即将在2018年大热的5个建筑新兴职业
5 Emerging Careers in Architecture Technology to Look Out for in 2018 and Beyond

由专筑网李韧，杨帆编译

当前诸如虚拟现实、增强现实、3D打印、计算机辅助设计以及机器人等技术已经对建筑领域产生了很大的影响，整个设计行业也在不断激发更多新技术的诞生。许多设计师已经意识到了这一点，他们会最大化地利用技术工具，从而在行业中做得更好，同时这也刺激了许多新兴职位的产生。通过技术创新推动整个行业的发展对于建筑师来说是一件新鲜事。在10年前，关注建筑技术的建筑师并不普遍。而现在，随着建筑与尖端技术的结合，这些领域不再互相排斥，如今的建筑师被鼓励接受这些技术，以发掘出更优秀的人才。

已经有很多文章在描述科技如何改变建筑师的工作方式，以及在整个项目周期内我们为客户传递的理念，但是人们对于技术在建筑行业中就业机会的关注度一直较低。建筑设计院当前的招聘岗位也许在3年之前并不存在。因此，小编列出了5个也许能在2018年大热的新兴职业。


技术主管

其他领域的一些公司对于技术主管已经有一定的需求，但设计行业近几年才意识到其价值。近年来，少数设计院陆续开始公布这一职位的招聘，整个行情开始逐渐变化。随着设计技术的迅速发展，设计院也需要最好的技术工具为客户提供服务。

技术主管首先需要确保设计团队能够不断地将创新数字技术运用于设计之中。他们会规划出数字设计在未来项目中的应用流程，然后一一执行。许多设计院已经开始招聘技术主管，因此在2018年这一职位也许会大热。


虚拟现实建模师

新技术带来的最大变化是让设计方案从2D平面来到了3D环境。这种改变让设计师与客户之间的交流变得更有意义。以前只能通过单纯的平面表达让客户去想象置身于这一空间会有什么样的感受，而现在，能够直接通过虚拟现实系统让客户身临其境地感受设计成果。 这也能让客户更好地理解设计师的意图，并且提出更实际的疑问与需求，同时加强客户对于自己这项投资的信心。

客户也逐渐认识到VR的优势，设计院因此会提升这方面的专业水准，他们开始雇佣优秀的3D建模及动画人才。不仅能够更直观地感受设计效果，也提升了工作效率。因此在未来，设计院甚至有可能从动画游戏行业挖掘优秀的人才来填补行业的空缺。

先进的虚拟现实技术能够吸引潜在客源，因此建筑师也需要努力提高他们的VR建模能力。


虚拟仿真设计

迄今为止，建筑师大多使用VR技术来创建真实的空间环境。因此许多设计院已经前瞻性地看到了这一技术的未来潜力。打个比方，如果建筑师设计了一座医院，那么当危险来临，内部人员该如何疏散？此时便可以创建一个VR模型，模拟出现实场景，亦或是该如何确定来自社区公共活动区域是否会对小区居住人员带来影响？那么此时可以通过模型进行参数测试，还有，该如何降低住院病人在病房中的风险？也可以在VR模型中模拟病人们的移动方向与方式，来观察病房中的设施是否会对他们造成伤害。

VR模型和仿真设计是项目中的独特技能。开始学习此类技能的建筑师能够帮助客户进行相关的测试，这样他们在未来也更具竞争力。


触觉界面设计师

设计院也许将在2018年进行VR仿真实验，那么这也将引发另一个新兴行业的诞生，那就是触觉界面设计师。如今的VR技术让客户能够直接地感受到设计效果，但不久之后，触觉界面技术也能具有相同的功能。将触觉界面设计与VR模型相结合将会直接影响材质、表面、家具等诸多因素。

了解触觉技术的建筑师们在未来将十分抢手。随着VR技术和触觉技术的发展，这二者的结合势在必行。而且，一旦客户意识到在未来的项目中，每个空间不仅能感受，还能真实地触碰，那么设计院一定会在这方面投入大笔资金来促进其发展。


数据科学分析师

长久以来，建筑师积累了大量的专业技术。在过去的5年中，设计行业逐步开始重视项目发展本质以及和民主意识的记录与管理。

对于职业来说，人们将逐步意识到数据收集和管理的重要作用。如今它可以用于性能分析和由数据所驱动的细部设计，但数据也将很快成为人工智能技术的基础。随着发展，越来越多的设计院将会雇佣数据科学家和分析人员来运用这些新技术。

建筑行业丰富多彩，因为它具有极大的包容性。不同的市场行情、服务，以及专业领域通过不同的方式来表达各自的丰富性。由建筑设计行业衍生出多种新兴行业，这是一种喜闻乐见的现象，人们也很愿意看到在2018年甚至在不远的将来能够出现更多的可能性。

Even with tech like virtual reality, augmented reality, 3D printing, computational design and robotics already reshaping architecture practice, the design community is just scratching the surface of the potential of new technologies. Designers who recognize this and invest in building skills and expertise to maximize the use of these tools in the future will inherently become better architects, and position themselves for entirely new career paths as our profession evolves. It is a uniquely exciting moment for architecture to advance through innovative use of technology. Even just a decade ago, designers with interests in both architecture and technology were essentially required to pursue one or the other. Now, with architecture beginning to harness the power of cutting-edge technologies, these fields are no longer mutually exclusive. Rather than choose a preferred path, today’s architects are encouraged to embrace technology to become sought-out talent.
With much written about how technology is changing the way architects work and the products we can deliver to clients during a project’s lifecycle, there has been less focus on how technology is changing career opportunities in the profession. Architecture companies are now hiring roles that didn’t exist even three years ago. Here’s a look at five emerging career paths design technology will make possible in 2018 and the immediate future.

Chief Technology Officer
While companies in other leading industries have long been hiring Chief Technology Officers (CTO), the design profession has been slower to recognize their value. In recent years that has begun to change as a handful of firms have begun hiring for this important position. With the rapid evolution of design technology, it’s important for firms to have individuals and teams focused on ensuring they are always leveraging the best tools and processes to deliver for their clients.
CTOs focus mostly on ensuring design teams are constantly implementing innovative digital design technology and refining its use. They essentially create roadmaps for how digital design will grow in their practice over the years ahead and are then responsible for its execution. With some firms already leading the charge by hiring CTOs, expect more companies to begin filling these roles in 2018.

Immersive Reality Modelers
One of the most powerful changes new technology is creating is a shift away from 2D design drawings and floor plans to more life-like 3D virtual environments. This shift is making communication between designers, clients and end users more meaningful. Rather than ask them to imagine how sketches and floor plans will translate to future built space, architects are now able to place clients in virtual environments years before actual buildings are completed. This allows clients and end users to understand spatial qualities in new ways, ask better questions and recognize challenges or opportunities that all strengthen the final product. It also helps clients feel more confident about their investment.
As more clients recognize the benefits VR can bring to their projects, design firms will battle to hire the best 3d modelers and animation experts. Having people on design teams who can create the best, most immersive virtual environments will go a long way to ensuring client satisfaction and repeat business. Don’t be surprised if architecture firms even seek to poach leading talent from the video gaming industry to help fill talent gaps and remain competitive in this area.
Given how leading-edge virtual environments can directly improve client opportunities, architects would be wise to consider boosting their VR modeling skills ASAP.

Virtual Simulation Designers
To date, architects are mostly using VR to create environments that reflect space as it will be first built. However, many firms are already seeing the potential in being able to place designers and clients in virtually simulated events within these environments. For example—want to ensure you’ve designed a hospital to be successfully evacuated in the face of a hurricane? Create a VR model and then simulate evacuation scenarios as wind, rain and possible destruction occurs. Alternatively, want to ensure sound from a community pool won’t make apartments less desirable for rent? Build a model and test the parameters to understand if the noise will be a deterrence. Want to decrease the risk of patients with cognitive challenges falling in an inpatient clinic? Simulate how shadows project and move on floor surfaces at any given point in time to understand how these patients might react and/or trip on them.
Designing VR models and designing simulations within them will require unique talents. Here again, architects who begin to build skills that will help them scenario-test situations for clients can differentiate themselves for future career opportunities.

Haptic Interface Designers
While design firms may begin to experiment with VR simulations in 2018, further down the road will be the integration of haptic interfaces. Today’s VR models allow clients to see their future spaces, but before too long, haptics will make it possible for us to feel them too. Incorporating the sense of touch into VR models will lead to more informed decision-making around materials, surfaces, furniture and more.
Designers who understand haptic technology—how it works, what it makes possible, and how to embed it in VR models—will be a prized commodity in the future. As both VR and haptic tech evolves, their marriage is almost inevitable. Moreover, once clients realize the awesome benefits of being able to see and touch spaces years before they exist, architecture firms will invest heavily in uniting the technologies.

Data Scientists/Analysts
For centuries, architects have mostly stored all their knowledge and design wisdom in their heads. In the last five years, the design community has begun to come to terms with the fleeting nature of this practice and started to document and democratize knowledge management.
As a profession, it behooves us to step it up a few notches and recognize the importance of data collection and its classification. Today, it can catalyze performance analytics and data-driven generative design, but data will also soon serve as the foundation for leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning. As this shift occurs, more and more design firms will hire data scientists and analysts to fuel the potential of these new technologies.
Architecture is a very rich and diverse profession because it allows for so many unique career paths within it. There are different markets, services, and areas of expertise through which to channel one’s passion. It’s great to see technology beginning to create even further career differentiation for architects and I’m excited to see what new opportunities emerge in 2018 and beyond.


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。