容纳100亿人而解决气候变化问题的“星球城市”
Liam Young's Planet City could tackle climate change by housing 10 billion people in a single metropolis

由专筑网Cortana，小R编译

根据建筑师Liam Young最新的短片，地球上的所有人口都可以生活在一个巨大的可持续发展的城市中，而其只占有地球表面很小的一部分，这样就可以释放其他土地，重新用于植树造林。

Young虚构的星球城市提出了一个超密集、自给自足的可容纳100亿人口的大都市构想。

按照循环经济的原则，城市将占据星球表面积的0.02%，所占面积大约相当于美国一个普通州的面积。

The entire population of the earth could live in a giant sustainable city occupying a fraction of the earth's surface, freeing the rest of the world for rewilding and the return of stolen lands, according to a new movie by architect Liam Young.
Young's fictional Planet City movie proposes a hyper-dense, self-sufficient metropolis housing 10 billion people.
Built according to the principles of the circular economy, it could be built on 0.02 per cent of the planetary surface, taking up an area "roughly the size of an average US state".



BIG事务所曾经提出星球蓝图（Masterplanet）构想，计划针对整个地球做总体规划，MVRDV事务所的设计师Winy Mass号召建筑师设计新的星球来帮助人们了解如何解决地球上的问题，Young是最新的一位提出为整个地球做设计方案的建筑师。

Young的动画短片挑衅性地探讨了“几个世纪以来的殖民化、全球化和永无止境的经济榨取和扩张主义”如何被扭转，从而解决气候变化和对自然资源和人力资源的开发。

该片由维多利亚国立美术馆委托制作，于上月在澳大利亚墨尔本开幕的NGV三年展上展映。

Young is the latest architect to suggest a design solution for the entire planet, following the "Masterplanet" proposal for a global masterplan by Bjarke Ingels Group and Winy Maas of MVRDV's call for architects to design new planets to help understand how to solve problems on earth.
Young's animated short film provocatively explores how "centuries of colonisation, globalisation and never-ending economic extraction and expansionism" could be reversed to solve climate change and the exploitation of both natural and human resources.
The film was commissioned by the National Gallery of Victoria for the NGV Triennial, which opened in Melbourne, Australia last month.



“星球城市是一个探索性的叙事，如果我们要从根本上扭转这种行星扩张，可能会发生什么？”Young说。

“如果我们达成全球共识，从我们庞大的城市网络和纠缠不清的供应链中撤退出来，变成一个容纳地球上所有的人口超密集的大都市，会怎么样？”

“如果我们按照最密集城市的规模来重组我们的世界，那么星球城市实际上可能只占据地球的0.02%，大约相当于美国一个普通州的大小。”

"Planet City is a speculative narrative of what could happen if we were to radically reverse this planetary sprawl," Young told Dezeen.
"What if we reached a global consensus to retreat from our vast network of cities and entangled supply chains into one hyper-dense metropolis housing the entire population of the earth?"
"If we were to reorganise our world at the scale of our densest cities then Planet City could actually occupy as little as 0.02 per cent of the earth, [which is] roughly the size of an average US state," he said.



“星球城市是一个城市形式的小说。”他补充道，“它并没有假装成是一个可执行的提案。”

这个想法源于生物学家Edward O Wilson提出的“半个地球”（Half Earth）概念，该概念提出将地球表面的一半面积献给自然，就可以避免大规模的物种灭绝。

“然而，这个世界公园的副产品是必须重新设计现在我们所处的这个星球。”Young说。

“它是地球的一个缩影，将为我们提供重新回归自然的空间，让几乎整个世界回归到荒野。”

"Planet City is a fiction shaped like a city," he added. "It doesn’t pretend to be an executable proposal."
The idea stems from the Half Earth concept developed by biologist Edward O Wilson, which proposes that mass extinction can be averted by dedicating half of the surface of the earth to nature.
"The byproduct of this global park, however, is the necessity to redesign the realities of the present-day planetary city we all occupy," Young said.
"It is a microcosm of the planet that will afford us the space to rewild and return almost the entirety of the world to a global-scaled wilderness."



Young强调了他的方法与星球蓝图（Masterplanet）的不同之处。星球蓝图（Masterplanet）是建筑师Bjarke Ingels最近提出的一个构想，将世界视为一个整体进行规划设计。

“建筑师强加的单一愿景只是重复了很多错误，这些错误让我们首先陷入了这种境地。”Young说，这是一位洛杉矶的建筑师和电影导演。

Young highlighted the differences between his approach to that of Masterplanet, a recent proposal by architect Bjarke Ingels Group that treats the world as a design problem that requires planet-sized solutions.
"The imposition of singular visions by starchitects just repeats so many of the mistakes that have got us into this situation in the first place," said Young, who is an architect and film director based in Los Angeles.



“这种提议是殖民主义计划的延续，殖民主义已经按照自己的形象对地球进行了总体规划。”他补充说。

“这种规模的计划在历史上延续了各种形式的排斥，并强调了现有的权力体系。这些项目大多很少涉及到气候变化这些根源问题，反而是助长了这些问题。”

可持续设计的星球城市将容纳100亿人口，这是2050年地球的预计人口。人们将居住在用回收材料建造的“住宅山”中，食物将在“室内超级农场”和垂直果园中种植。

"Such proposals are a continuation of the colonialist project that has already masterplanned the planet in its own image," he added.
"Plans of this scale have historically perpetuated forms of exclusion and reinforced existing systems of power. Most of these projects rarely engage with these root causes of climate change and, in fact, enable them."
The sustainably designed Planet City would accommodate 10 billion people, which is the projected population of the earth in 2050. People would live in "residential mountains" constructed from recycled materials with food grown in "indoor mega-farms" and vertical orchards.



这座城市将作为一个封闭的循环运作，不产生任何废物，将有221,367平方公里高达165层的建筑物和4 311,543,982辆自行车，电力将来自49,445,671,570块太阳能电池板，而2,357个藻类养殖场将过滤污染并提供补充食物。

“星球城市只利用已经存在或目前正在开发的技术，并与全球科学家、理论家和经济学家协商设计。”Young说。

通过这种立足于基础的推测过程，Young着手证明，全世界的气候变化减缓不再是一个技术问题，而是一个植根于文化和政治的意识形态问题。

这部15分钟的影片围绕着一个不停穿梭于城市中的星球庆典展开，将不同文化在一年中举行的各种庆祝活动联系起来。

The city, which would operate as a closed-loop and generate no waste, would contain 221,367 square kilometres of buildings up to 165 storeys tall and 4,311,543, 982 bicycles. Power would come from 49,445,671,570 solar panels while 2357 algae farms would filter pollution and provide supplementary food.
"Planet City utilises only technologies that are either already available or currently in development and has been designed in consultation with a global network of scientists, theorists and economists," said Young.
"Through this process of grounded speculation Young sets out to demonstrate that climate change mitigation across the world is no longer a technological problem, but rather an ideological one, rooted in culture and politics."
The 15-minute film centres around a non-stop planetary festival that moves through the city, linking up celebrations held by different cultures throughout the year.



Young与《使女的故事》的服装设计师Ane Crabtree、地球工程师Holly Jean Buck、科幻小说作家Kim Stanley Robinson和澳大利亚作家兼导演Ryan Griffen等创作者合作。

自称是“预言型建筑师”的Young在伦敦举行的Dezeen 2019 Dezeen Day会议上做了主题演讲，他呼吁建筑师将自己的技能应用于视频游戏等流行数字媒体，而不只是为“有钱人设计豪宅”，从而提高自己的影响力。

Young collaborated with creatives including Ane Crabtree, the costume designer for The Handmaid's Tale, geoengineer Holly Jean Buck, science-fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson and indigenous Australian writer and director Ryan Griffen.
Young, who describes himself as a "speculative architect," was a keynote speaker at Dezeen's 2019 Dezeen Day conference in London, where he called on architects to increase their influence by applying their skills to popular digital media such as video games instead of designing "rich houses for rich people".



Young是城市未来智库Tomorrows Thoughts Today和研究工作室Unknown Fields Division的联合创始人，Dezeen的2018年电影Elevation中也有他的身影，该片探讨了无人机如何改变建筑和城市。

他曾执导的电影包括In The Robot Skie，这是第一部完全使用无人机拍摄的电影。

维多利亚国立美术馆三年展于2020年12月19日至2021年4月18日在澳大利亚墨尔本圣基尔达路180号NGV国际馆举行。更多建筑和设计活动详情，请访问Dezeen活动指南。

Young, who is co-founder of urban futures think tank Tomorrows Thoughts Today and research studio Unknown Fields Division, also featured in Dezeen's 2018 movie Elevation, which explores how drones could transform architecture and cities.
He previously directed movies including In The Robot Skies, which was the first film to be shot entirely using drones.
National Gallery of Victoria Triennial runs from 19 December 2020 to 18 April 2021 at NGV International, 180 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Australia. For details of more architecture and design events, visit Dezeen Events Guide.