由专筑网Ann，Vigo编译
2015世界建筑节：Spark建筑事务所公布了“新一代的退休住宅”设计构想——一幢结合了城市垂直农场并拥有卫生医疗设备的住宅社区。
World Architecture Festival 2015: architecture firm Spark has unveiled its concept for "the next generation of retirement housing" – a community of homes and health facilities combined with a vertical urban farm .
该设计被命名为“家庭农场”，旨在解决东南亚地区城市面临的主要问题。首先，人口老龄化现象不断加剧，其次，城市粮食资源短缺，不得不依靠进口来解决供粮问题。
Named Home Farm, the design aims to tackle the main issues affecting cities in Southeast Asia. The first is that the number of people above retirement age is rapidly increasing, and the second is that the majority of food is imported rather than home grown.
Spark认为通过将退休社区转变为自给自足的农业产业可以解决这些问题，住宅农场生产的果蔬将会被销售，用于完善居民的卫生保健和其它基础设施建设。
Spark believes both of these problems can be solved by transforming retirement communities into self-sufficient farming businesses, producing fruit and vegetables that can be sold to fund healthcare and other amenities for residents.
社区为退休后的老年人提供了许多工作岗位，居民可以在这里进行为期半天的工作，但工作并不作为租赁住宅的必要条件。通过工作，可以使人们拥有自己的收入，同时增强居民对社区的归属感。
Residents would be offered part-time employment within the farm, although this wouldn't be a condition of the tenancy. This would allow them to make some income of their own, and also help them to feel part of the community.
“家庭农场把以往相对独立的农业生产活动和老年人的养老保健生活联系在一起。”Spark事务所的项目负责人 Stephen Pimbley在月初的世界建筑节上这样诠释了本次项目的构想。
“社区为住户提供的农业生产活动等一些岗位提供了多元化的效益，比如社会参与、环境可持续发展、鼓励老年人加入社区活动预防老年痴呆，还可以增强自我认同感。”他对Dezeen杂志表示。
"Home Farm brings together the normally siloed activities of commercial farming and aged-care living," explained Spark director Stephen Pimbley, who presented the concept during the World Architecture Festival in Singapore earlier this month.
"The commercial farming activity supports its residents in a socially and environmental sustainable environment, helping the older generation retain an active community involvement that mitigates against dementia and promotes self-esteem," he told Dezeen.
在听闻一则调查显示在日本成人尿片甚至比婴儿尿片还要畅销之后，Pimbley就开始了对本项目的构思。
“这个消息一直萦绕在我耳边，它不时提醒着我该去做些什么。” Pimbley表示。
Pimbley first started developing the concept after reading a news article stating that adult diapers were outselling children's nappies in Japan.
"The diaper image stayed with me like an ear worm telling me to do something about it," he said.
住宅部分和农业部分的分布分析
他首先在新加坡设计了家庭农场复合项目方案，预计在2030年，新加坡20%的人口年龄将超过65岁，90%的粮食将依靠进口。
Section showing living and farming arrangements in the housing scheme
He developed the first iteration of Home Farm for Singapore, where 20 per cent of the population is expected to be over 65 by 2030, and where 90 per cent of food is imported.
家庭农场中的垂直水培技术分析
在进行充分的调研之后，Pimbley发现在新加坡和一些其它地区，老年人普遍和子女们居住在一起。这使得Pimbley想要设计一种多样化的住宅类型，涵盖单间配套公寓，也能满足多口之家的日常生活需要。
Diagram showing aquaponic vertical farming in Home Farm
After doing some research, Pimbley discovered that it remains common for older people to live with their children in Singapore and elsewhere. This prompted a design of a variety of house types, ranging from studio flats to four-bedroom homes.
表皮种植技术概念分析
这些住宅将置于交错排列的曲形体块中，与耕作区域结合在一起，能够使居民随时观察到正在进行的生产生活活动。
Concept diagram for aquaponic farming façade
These homes would be located within staggered curvilinear blocks, arranged around the farming areas to allow residents to observe the ongoing activities.
动力系统概念分析
需要就业的老年人可以在专业团队的指导下在家庭农场开始新的工作，可以选择从事种植、收割、包装等工作，并可获得一定报酬，或是用以抵消租金、水电杂费、卫生保健等费用。
Concept diagram showing power generation
Those in need of financial income would be able to work on the farm themselves, with jobs including planting, harvesting and packing, and renumeration available as a salary, or as an offset for rent, utility bills or healthcare.
住宅单元类型
Pimbley 表示：“我们对家庭农场的社会因素进行了多方面的深入探讨，这比解决建筑技术问题还复杂的多。”
Housing unit typologies
"We have had many discussions regarding the social aspects of Home Farm which are much more complex to resolve than the technical considerations of the building," said Pimbley.
一层平面局部分析
“我们并不会强制居民参与社区活动，可能一部分人喜欢从事园艺等农业活动，而另一部分人对此完全不感兴趣，这是十分正常的。” Pimbley认为，“出于这方面的考虑，我们会采用专业团队对生产活动进行指导，保证实践活动切实可行。”
家庭农场项目参考乌节路购物商场顶部的无土种植案例——ComCrop城市屋顶农场，采用了垂直水培耕作和屋顶土壤种植相结合的种植技术。
Diagram showing possible arrangement of first floor
"We have no intention of 'forcing' the residents to work, some naturally will be interested in the gardening activities and some will be disinterested, and this is perfectly normal," he said. "For this reason there will be a professional team employed to run the productive garden as a viable business."
The farm itself would include vertical aquaponic farming and rooftop soil planting, modelled on the existing ComCrop rooftop farming initiative, which operates an aquaponic farm on the roof of an Orchard Road shopping mall.
五层平面局部分析
Spark事务所正与马来西亚开发商合作，计划于2018年在吉隆坡建造首个家庭农场项目，并希望未来在新加坡其他城市和亚洲其他国家能够建设更多的家庭农场项目。Spark凭借该项目赢得了2015世界建筑节的未来建筑体验项目的建筑奖项。
Diagram showing possible unit arrangement of fifth floor
Spark is now working with a Malaysian developer to construct the first Home Farm in Kuala Lumpur by 2018, with the aim to build more in Singapore and other Asian cities in the future. The project was the award winner in the Future Projects: Experimental category during the World Architecture Festival 2015.
可种植类型分布分析
“设计团队表示虽然这一构想是为新加坡而设计，但它可以应用于任何适于在建筑外墙与屋顶种植多叶绿色蔬菜的地方。” Pimbley补充道。
“这个概念是可实践的，它能够解决世界各大发展城市中面临的切实存在的迫切问题。”
"We designed this concept for Singapore, but there is the potential for it to be applied in any location that would support the growth of leafy green vegetables on building facades and rooftops," added Pimbley.
"The concept is a realisable solution to real and pressing problems faced by many of the world's growing cities."
拟场地布局
Spark目前在北京、上海、新加坡和伦敦均设有工作室。其它的项目有中国福州五四北泰禾广场，造型如一块棱角分明的宝石，曼谷街头的青年活动中心。
Proposed site layout
Spark has offices in Beijing, Shanghai, Singapore and London. Other projects include an angular shopping centre in Fuzhou, China, and a Bangkok youth centre in two converted shophouses.
项目介绍：
建筑设计：Spark建筑事务所
项目负责人：Stephen Pimbley
设计团队：Yun Wai Wing, Wenhui Lim, Chanachai Panichpattan, Ethan Hwang, Narelle Yabuka
Project credits:
Architecture: Spark
Project director: Stephen Pimbley
Team: Yun Wai Wing, Wenhui Lim, Chanachai Panichpattan, Ethan Hwang, Narelle Yabuka
出处：本文译自www.dezeen.com/，转载请注明出处。
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