Fantastical Tapered Entrance, Tubakuba Mountain Retreat

由专筑网雷军，杨帆编译

这是一个手工制作的隧道入口，来自挪威的卑尔根建筑学院的学生建立了一个浴缸来浸泡松木。

For a handcrafted tunnel entry, students from Norway's Bergen School of Architecture built a bathtub to soak hundreds of pine off-cuts.



在Fløyen山上逗留观看，那是在挪威卑尔根1000英尺以上的Tubakuba山上设计的。这是一个很小的山，但是离市中心只有几分钟的路程。这是在2014年的夏天由卑尔根建筑学院（BSA），辅导员Espen指导之下完成的项目，他也是当地OPA形式建筑事务所的设计师。

150平方英尺的小屋最显著的就是它的入口，好似一个木铃，如我们看到的那样，字面翻译为“大号的立方体。”就像进入到仙境中的爱丽丝那样，通过一个6英尺长的隧道，逐渐从6.5英尺宽的立方体表面到入口的2.25英尺。小门开启，我们就能看到一个通风舱，有一个内置的睡眠区，城市的全景和周围的峡湾尽收眼底。

Perched on the side of Mount Fløyen, 1,000 feet above Bergen, Norway, Tubakuba is a tiny mountain cottage designed to immerse occupants in nature just minutes from the city center. It was completed in the summer of 2014 by the Bergen School of Architecture (BSA), under the supervision of instructor Espen Folgerø, who is also a designer with local firm OPA Form Architects.
The 150-square-foot cottage’s most distinct feature is its entrance, which resembles the bell of a tuba crafted from wood—Tubakuba, as one might guess, literally translates to “Tuba Cube.” To enter, users must clamber,Alice in Wonderland style, through a 6-foot-long tunnel that tapers from 6.5 feet wide at the cube’s façade to 2.25 feet at the tucked-in entry. Upon unlatching a miniature door, guests emerge in an airy cabin with built-in sleeping areas and expansive views of the city and the surrounding fjords.



在挪威，木材是丰富的，在文化和环境方面都有着非常重要的意义。设计团队要做到让游客感受到美的所在，且通用性强，具有吸收二氧化碳的功能。“如果你在树木生长期某个正确的时间点砍下木材，你就要把碳元素存入木材内而不是排放到大气中。”

百分之九十五的Tubakuba是由三种木材拼凑在一起的。内部包括地板，双曲线的长椅，大多是胶合板制成的欧洲赤松（樟子松）和白桦（Betula pubescens）。外部有欧洲落叶松，其中被烧焦的两墙采用了日本法寿杉作为原料。炭化过程中，木板放置在小砖炉周围，这样有助于预防害虫、真菌和木头腐烂。

隧道实验已完成。学生用松木切成大约13英尺长，3英寸宽，3至4毫米厚的板材。但即使是在如此厚度的木材也显得太脆。因此学生建立一个长方形的浴缸，使用一系列从住宅热水锅炉回收的加热元件，每一块都浸泡15分钟以上，来软化木材。

Timber is plentiful in Norway, and wood holds much significance, culturally and environmentally. The design team, which conceptualized and pitched the project to the city, wanted guests to intuitively understand that importance along with its beauty, versatility, and ability to sequester carbon. “If you chop down timber at the right point in [a tree’s] growth period, you’re going to store the carbon inside the timber as opposed to it going into the atmosphere,” Folgerø says.
Ninety-five percent of Tubakuba is constructed from wood, pieced together from three types of timber. The interior, including the flooring and two curvilinear benches for sitting and sleeping, is mostly plywood made from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula pubescens). The exterior is clad with European larch (Larix decidua), two walls of which have been charred using the Japanese method shou sugi ban. The charring process, in which planks were stood on end around a small brick furnace, helps to inoculate the wood against pests, fungus, and rot.
Finishing the façade and tunnel required experimentation. The students used pine off-cuts—roughly 13 feet long, 3 inches wide, and 3 to 4 millimeters thick—from a local sawmill. But even at that thickness, the wood was too brittle to bend to their specifications. So the students built a long, rectangular bathtub and, using a series of heating elements reclaimed from residential water boilers, submerged each plank into a 140 F bath for a minimum of 15 minutes, softening the wood the way a chef softens lasagna noodles.



一旦木材变得柔韧，团队成员就把木板制成12边，使用钉子和聚氨酯胶--木格子“肋骨”2x2s。使得隧道有足够的圆形截面。“当我们把它们做成这层压板，变干之后不会再裂开。”Folgerø说。然而，第一批松木在浸泡后还是出现了裂缝。研究小组发现结木的频率是一大原因，于是他们返回到锯木厂，并重新选择每个板手，检查松木其他潜在的缺陷。因为学校几乎在每一个项目都使用木材，于是最近买下了锯木厂。

入口完成之后，开始用亚麻油来沾到木材上以防止气候变化的侵袭。小屋的墙壁与木材燃烧炉加热，也有水汽阻隔，6英寸的木结构框架由木纤维和木纤维隔热、防风板组成。

Once the wood became pliable, team members fastened the planks to a 12-sided, timber-lattice “rib cage” of 2x2s using nails and polyurethane glue. The dodecahedron gave the tunnel enough of a circular shape in section. “When we glue them, they become this laminated sheet so that [when] they dried up, they wouldn’t crack,” Folgerø says. However, the first batch of pine did crack, even after soaking. The team identified the frequency of knots in the wood as the cause, returned to the sawmill, and selected each plank by hand, examining the pine for knots and other potential flaws before purchasing. Because the school uses wood on nearly every project, it recently purchased its own sawmill.
After the entry was complete, the wood was finished with linseed oil for weather protection. The walls of the cabin, which is heated only with a wood-burning stove, also contain a vapor barrier, a 6-inch structural wood frame with wood-fiber insulation, and a wood-fiber windproof plate.



Tubakuba是BSA在卑尔根市首次大规模的建设项目。这是免费的公共场所，可以作为一个徒步旅行者休息的地方，也可以作为附近一所幼儿园游戏野餐的好去处，符合了学校的社会使命，此重点项目将为社会、经济和生态带来效益。这个小屋也保留了当地的公园区，它很受欢迎。Folgerø 说“我认为除夕之夜它已被提前预订到了2020年。”

Tubakuba is the BSA's first full-scale project built for an external client, the city of Bergen. The cabin, which is free to the public and doubles as a picnic shelter for hikers and a play structure for a nearby kindergarten, aligns with the social mission of the school, which is to focus on projects that would provide social, economic, and ecological benefits to the city. The cabin, which can be reserved through the local parks district, has almost become too popular, Folgerø says. “I think New Year’s Eve is booked until 2020.”





出处：本文译自www.architectmagazine.com/，转载请注明出处。