“形态与结构”项目-形态|结构-专筑网

“形态与结构”项目

2016-05-17 13445 Views iarch001

建筑, 形态, 结构, 壳体

Forms & Structures

由专筑网Ann，刘庆新编译

“形态与结构”研究项目探讨了五十年代和六十年代的设计文化，从历史的角度着重思考了结构和建筑之间的关系。

Research project “Forms and Structures” explores the design culture of the fifties and sixties from the historical perspective with particular emphasis on hybridization between engineering and architecture.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

二者的交融模糊了结构和建筑的边界，甚至能够创造出高度的美学和技术价值。本次对该时期典型作品的研究对现代建筑的发展也具有一定的意义。

The interweaving of relationships, and sometimes the roles, has produced a series of works and projects of high artistic and scientific value, blurring the boundaries between these two disciplines. The study of this period, by its main protagonists in relation with their results, could be used to develop a reflection on the elements of architecture today.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

历史分析是构思和增强对建筑认知的一个手段，包括建筑体系的需求和了解，功能和表现方面的潜力，意义重大且技术合理的建筑能够平衡空间和形式之间的关系。

Historical analysis becomes a tool of proposition and enhancement of a way of making architecture-aware, conscious of the need and knowledge of building systems and their functional and expressive potential, a kind of architecture in which matter and technique find their role in the service of space and form.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

历史分析在实验领域也十分重要，参考现有资源——该时期的杂志和文献资料，当代设计手法，三维模型和静态分析等，基于能够描述整个设计文化史的典型特性的研究工作重塑并整合分析框架。

The historical analysis becomes also a fertile ground of experimentation, adding to traditional research methods on direct sources - such as magazines and the writings from the studied period - the contemporary design tools, the three-dimensional modelling and the static analysis, to reinstate an analytical framework based on the selection of works with symbolical value that have characterized one entire season of design culture.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

在战后时期，各学科的发展和融合最为激烈，快速的发展和抗力性形态结构的传播，很快对意识形态产生影响并成为国际思潮的主流。

The period of the most intense development and fusion of various disciplines coincides with the post-war period, the period of the great development and diffusion of form-resistant structures, which have been very soon adopted for ideological and representative purposes on international level.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

在结构设计上，壳体结构体现出了新的重要意义，同时也应用于城市设计中：大多数用于大规模项目的重建和都市化设计中，成为一种标志性和功能性的载体。

The new importance of shell structures in the structural design culture internationally can be well noted also at the urban scale: mostly located to implement the large scale projects of the reconstruction and urbanization, becoming an icons and functional absorbers.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

此外，这些结构满足了战后出现的新的空间需求，比如关于艺术的破坏与新的纪念性需求，这一点也经常出现在国际现代建筑协会（CIAM）的探讨和Sigfried Giedion的作品New York Architektur und Gemeinschaft (1956)中。

Moreover, these structures have met the new demands emerged from the post-war debate, such as the themes of the new monumentality and contamination with art, which have often appeared in CIAM discussions and in texts as Architektur und GemeinschaftSigfried Giedion(1956).

© Stefano De Crescenzo

这在当时几乎突破了技术上的限制，使建筑在技术性和空间品质方面达到了一个较高的水平。

Brought almost to the technological limits, buildings have reached high level of technical and poetical quality.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

二战后“冷战”局面的形成，使得各个领域展开了激烈的角逐。“太空竞赛”科学发现的发展如火如荼，建筑也不可避免的成为了实验和争夺的领域。

That was the period of the maximum tension, generated by the Cold War, and expressed bythe frantic race of the “space race” scientific discovery. Therefore architecture couldn’t avoid becoming field of experimentation for itself.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

技术和社会标准的提高是被“铁幕”（铁幕指的是冷战时期将欧洲分为两个受不同政治影响区域的界线。）所划分的两个阵营之间的冲突的主要主题。

The technology and the improvement of social standards are the main topics of the collision between the two orders divided by the “Iron Curtain”.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

由于这种“冲突”，不同国家的现代语言形式各不相同，添加了不同的符号，使之变得更加多元，并且将各自独特的材料因素、政治因素和文化内涵融入现代语言中，赋予现代语言各种不同的含义。

In the scenarios generated by this “clash”, countries have adopted the modern language in different ways, enriching it with symbols and meanings strongly adapted to their specific material, political and cultural realities.

© Stefano De Crescenzo

这一特殊时期的转折点出现在60年代至70年代间，这样的改变与新的现代化生产场景和生产方式的转变有关，大众通讯领域的技术改革和各个专业的整顿重组也越来越多的被新型信息技术和计算机应用所影响。

The point of crisis of this particular design season is situated between the late Sixties and the Seventies. Therefore, it is related to the new modernization scenarios of change and influenced by the productive transformations, technological innovations in the field of mass communications and professional reorganizations increasingly influenced by the use of computers and new digital technologies in general.

摄影：ANDREA CORBETTA, STEFANO DE CRESCENZO

PHOTO BY ANDREA CORBETTA, STEFANO DE CRESCENZO