Image © Flickr user andreaosti licensed under CC BY 2.0

聚焦：卡洛•斯卡帕
Spotlight: Carlo Scarpa

由专筑网芮万里，李韧编译

卡洛•斯卡帕（1906年6月2日——1978年11月28日）是20世纪最为神秘的建筑师之一，他并不为世人所认可，对材料天生的敏锐感和恰当的使用方式使他闻名于世，并且他十分擅长于将历史悠久的传统工艺与现代制造技术相结合。

1996年，在Murray Grigor导演的纪录片中，斯坦普利亚基金会的主席Egle Trincanato对于斯卡帕在1963年对威尼斯宫的改造工作有过这样一段描述“首先，他非常熟练地知晓如何将基础材料同珍贵的材料相结合。”

One of the most enigmatic and underappreciated architects of the 20th century, Carlo Scarpa (June 2, 1906 – November 28, 1978) is best known for his instinctive approach to materials, combining time-honored crafts with modern manufacturing processes.
In a 1996 documentary directed by Murray Grigor, Egle Trincanato, the President of the Fondazione Querini Stampalia for whom Scarpa renovated a Venetian palace in 1963, described how "above all, he was exceptionally skillful in knowing how to combine a base material with a precious one."


Image © Mario De Biasi (public domain)


Image © Flickr user leonl licensed under CC BY 2.0

斯卡帕出生于威尼斯，他早期童年的大部分时间在维琴察度过，在1919年他母亲去世之后，他同家人一起搬回了威尼斯。

斯卡帕在威尼斯皇家美术学院学习建筑，从1932年到1947年他担任 Venini玻璃工厂的主任。

在这里，他不断呈现出对工艺技术的兴趣，并且经常同Venini的玻璃设计工在深夜一同合作完善新的设计。

Born in Venice, Scarpa spent most of his early childhood in Vicenza, before his family moved back to Venice after the death of his mother in 1919.
Scarpa studied architecture at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Venice, and from 1932 until 1947 he was director of the Venini Glassworks.
It was here that he first displayed his appreciation for craft, often working with the Venini glassblowers late into the night to perfect new designs.


Image © Flickr user dalbera licensed under CC BY 2.0


Querini Stampalia花园/Garden at the Querini Stampalia. Image © Flickr user dalbera licensed under CC BY 2.0

直到第二次世界大战之后，斯卡帕在国际上才开始因为他的建筑作品而被人们所了解。

这种认可使得斯卡帕获得了威尼斯及其周边一系列的建筑项目委托，其中许多项目都涉及到对原有建筑的改造和修缮，而这类的建筑项目也成为了斯卡帕的商标。

斯卡帕在1964年完成对Museo Castelvecchio的改造也许是他最著名的一次改造设计，他精心的设计使得新旧建筑两者之间达到了平衡，并且恰当地表达了原始建筑的历史感。

这在当时对于建筑界是一种启示，这种新旧平衡的方法现在也成为改造中常见的手段，大卫•奇普菲尔德改造修缮的柏林新博物馆则是非常引人注目的改造作品。

It was not until after World War II that Scarpa began to be recognized internationally for his architecture.
This recognition led to a series of commissions in and around Venice—many of them involving the renovation of existing buildings, which became something of a trademark for Scarpa.
Perhaps most famously, Scarpa's renovation for the Museo Castelvecchio completed in 1964 carefully balanced new and old, revealing the history of the original building where appropriate.
A revelation at the time, this approach has now become a common approach to renovation, perhaps most notably exhibited by David Chipperfield's Neues Museum.


奥利维蒂陈列室/Olivetti Showroom. Image © Flickr user dalbera licensed under CC BY 2.0


奥利维蒂陈列室/Olivetti Showroom. Image © ORCH_chemollo

斯卡帕对于细节的关注在现代建筑师当中无与伦比。

他对于工艺技术的浓厚兴趣使得他经常沉醉于那些最不易察觉的细节，例如奥利维蒂陈列室楼梯下的黄铜扶手，或者是布里翁墓地的“观赏装置”，他将一个小型金属原件嵌入混凝土墙的竖直狭缝中，从而将人们的目光集中到San Vito d'Altivole的小镇的方向。

Scarpa's attention to detail is almost unmatched among modern architects.
His appreciation of craft often led him to revel in the smallest of details, for example the brass supports under the stairs at his Olivetti Showroom, or the "viewing device" at the Brion Tomb and Sanctuary, which focuses the user's gaze in the direction of the town of San Vito d'Altivole by means of a small metal element embedded in a vertical slit in the concrete wall.


布里翁墓地/Brion Tomb and Sanctuary. Image © Flickr user leonl licensed under CC BY 2.0


布里翁墓地/Brion Tomb and Sanctuary. Image © Flickr user batintherain licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。