Tobias Trübenbacher使用猪膀胱和牛肠设计的家具
Tobias Trübenbacher creates furniture from pig bladders and cow intestines

由专筑网王帅，曹逸希编译

工业设计学生Tobias Trübenbacher使用猪膀胱和牛肠设计了家具，从而发掘了动物内脏的另一种潜在的“内在价值”。

Industrial design student Tobias Trübenbacher has used pig bladders and cow intestines to create furniture, in a bid to discover the "inner values" of animal offal.

Trübenbacher发现动物身上可被加工和出售的部分都不到一半，而剩下的被扔直接掉，于是他决定做一个“内在价值”的项目。

这位慕尼黑应用科学大学的学生在创造椅子的过程中，想利用通常被当作废物处理的动物副产品，目的是让动物的每一个部分都不浪费。

Trübenbacher began his Inner Values project after discovering less than half of an animal is processed and sold, while the rest is thrown away.
In creating his chairs, the student at the University of Applied Sciences in Munich wanted to utilise the by-products of animals that would normally be treated as waste, with the aim of putting every single part of the animal to use.

Trübenbacher说：“随着畜牧业发展和高度工业化的屠宰方法的进步，动物产品的价格日益下降。”

“就在几十年前，农场里的动物价值还很高，它们的大部分资源都被进一步处理了。而今天，只有最美味、最容易加工的部分才得以利用。”

"Inner Values arose out of the fact that the prices for animal products are increasingly declining due to livestock farming and highly industrial slaughter methods," said Trübenbacher.
"While just some decades ago farm animals where highly valued and mostly all of their resources were further processed, today only the most tasty and easiest-to-prepare parts are actually used."

他补充说道：“目前，在德国只有不到一半的动物被进一步加工，剩下的都被埋掉或者直接扔到垃圾桶里去了。”

在考虑了这些动物资源浪费的问题后，设计师开始质疑这些动物副产品是否真的只能浪费。

他问道：“我们对这些材料的拒绝态度是否正当和合法？如果我们真的需要杀死一只动物，难道我们不应该至少感谢它身上所有的资源吗？”

"In present times less than half of an animal is really further processed in Germany. All the rest goes to 'animal rendering plants' and thus more or less directly to the garbage can," he added.
After considering these issues of animal resource wastage, the designer started questioning whether these slaughter by-products are really nothing more than waste.
"Is our rejective attitude towards these materials justified and legitimate?" he asked. "Shouldn’t we, if we really need to kill an animal, at least appreciate all of its resources instead?"

他继续说：“因为我们从来没有接触到动物的屠宰过程，我们开始厌恶动物的‘副产品’。”

他说：“在我们的社会中，废弃物越来越被认为是排斥的、低劣的。基本上为了一些肉片和肉饼就会将动物杀死，它们被迫被降级为廉价的肉片资源。”

"Since we never get in contact with the slaughter process of our food, we have started to become disgusted with the 'by-products' of animals," he continued.
"Offals are more and more considered as repellent and inferior in our society. Basically, animals are degraded to cheap filet-resources – being killed for nothing more than some cutlets and schnitzels."

这位设计师设计了动物器官椅子，跳过家具生产中使用的陈规定型材料。并测试消费者是否能够欣赏所谓的“排斥”材料。

他说：“‘内在价值’旨在美化和重新评估所谓的废物产品，从而唤起人们对这些高级动物材料的尊重，并显示出它们的真正价值。”

The designer created his animal-organ chairs in a bid to overcome the stereotypical materials used in furniture production, and to test whether consumers can appreciate supposedly "repellent" materials.
"Inner Values intends to aestheticise and re-evaluate supposed waste products in order to awake esteem for these high-grade animal materials, and to uncover their true value," he said.

Trübenbach首先对各种材料进行实验，以此了解不同动物皮的特性和性质，并尝试不同的保存方法。

这些材料通过干燥、拉伸、交织、用胶水和树脂浸，或者被吹起。设计师还试验了传统和新的制革方法。

Trübenbacher began by experimenting with various materials to understand the characteristics and qualities of different animal skins, and trying out different methods of preservation.
The materials were dried, stretched, interwoven, prepared with glue and resin, or blown up. The designer also experimented with both traditional and new methods of tanning.

根据这些实验结果，Tobias决定用猪膀胱和牛肠来设计椅子。

设计师用醋溶液彻底清洗内脏，除去脂肪或肉类残余物，然后用清水冲洗，再在硫酸铝钾或硫酸铬中处理几个星期。在这一过程中，内脏中的蛋白质纤维收缩、固化并融合在一起。

Trübenbacher然后反复使用火车油、凡士林、凝乳皂和脂的混合物在湿润的内脏上按摩。

Based on the findings from these experiments, Tobias decided to use tanned pig bladders and cattle intestines for his chair designs.
The designer thoroughly cleaned the innards with vinegar solution to remove fat or meat remnants, before being washed in clear water, and tanned for several weeks in potassium aluminium sulphate or chromium sulphate. During this process the protein fibres in the skins, which mainly consist of proteins, contract, solidify and merge together.
Trübenbacher then "regresses" the skins by repeatedly massaging a mixture of train oil, Vaseline, curd soap and tallow in the tanned material while it's still wet.

在此之后，膀胱和肠子经过数小时的的揉捏，伸展和翻滚，产生了一种“神奇的转变”，“僵硬、脆弱和皱纹”的内脏变得“更白、更柔软和更坚韧”。

设计师说这一鞣制工艺使两个长凳都变得防水、耐用和坚固。

After this, the bladders and intestines are kneaded, stretched and tumbled for several hours. This encourages an "almost magical transformation" to take place, whereby the "stiff, brittle and wrinkled" skins become "whiter, softer, more flexible and leathery."
According to the designer, this tanning process causes both benches to become water-resistant, durable and robust.

然后将回收的绷带材料填充进膀胱中，缝合并固定在座椅框架上，而肠子被吹成完全充气的管子，环绕并固定在在座椅框架周围。

Trübenbacher对Dezeen的记者说：“我决定设计长椅，因为这种家具有着非常亲密的一面，它让我们在使用之时必须与其亲密接触。”

他补充说：“因此，前一种令人厌恶的、负面的、被认为是废物产品的吸引力正被相反的价值观所取代。这些材料正向美丽、诱人、柔软的方向发展，人们会逐渐喜欢探索和接近。”

艾恩德霍芬设计学院（Design Academy Eindhoven）的毕业生Billie van Katwijk也对肉类行业的废品数量感到震惊，他开发了一种将牛内脏变成可持续皮革替代物的工艺，可用来制作袋子和配件。

The bladder-leather is then stuffed with recycled bandaging materials, sewn shut and fixed on the seat frame, while the intestine-leather is blown up into fully inflated tubes and twisted around the seat frame and fixed.
"I decided to design bench seats since this kind of furniture has quite intimate aspects, as one must permit immediate contact between body and object," Trübenbacher told Dezeen.
"Thereby the former repulsive, negatively-connoted appeal of the supposed waste products is being replaced by opposite values. The materials are advancing to become something beautiful, inviting and supple, which people like to explore and be close to," he added.
Also shocked by the amount of waste in the meat industry, Design Academy Eindhoven graduate Billie van Katwijk developed a process for turning bovine guts into a sustainable leather alternative that can be used to make bags and accessories.