巴克里希纳•多西（BV Doshi）：2018年普利兹克奖得主采访
BV Doshi: interview with the 2018 Pritzker Prize winner
由专筑网李佳琪，李韧编译
前些日，印度建筑师巴克里希纳•多西（Balkrishna (B.V.) Doshi）是2018年普利兹克建筑奖得主，该奖项是建筑界的最高荣誉。在过去的70年中，多西作为一名建筑师、城市规划师和教育家，在印度等地区，为塑造建筑和城市做出卓越贡献。在与勒•柯布西耶共事时，多西就积极参与昌迪加尔项目，该项目近期被联合国教科文组织列入世界遗产名录。
为了更多地了解这位建筑师和他的职业生涯， Designboom近期对多西进行了访谈，其间他谈及了自己的工作和梦想，以及建筑在当代社会中的作用。
Earlier this year, Indian architect Balkrishna (B.V.) Doshi was selected as the 2018 Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate — the award that is often referred to as architecture’s highest honor. As an architect, urban planner, and educator for the past 70 years, Doshi has been instrumental in shaping the discourse of design and architecture throughout India and further afield. While working under Le Corbusier, Doshi became heavily involved with the realization of Chandigarh — the Indian city that was recently listed as a UNESCO world heritage site.
To learn more about the architect and his career to date, Designboom recently spoke with BV Doshi who discussed how his work is an extension of his life, and what he believes is the role of architecture in a contemporary society.
印度学研究院，艾哈迈达巴德，1962（主图：Sangath 建筑工作室，Ahmedabad, 1980）／Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad, 1962 (main image: Sangath Architect’s Studio, Ahmedabad, 1980). Image © Iwan Baan/Architectural Digest India (also main image)
为了表达对多西作品敬意，“ Architectural Digest India”在其2018年7-8月刊中对这位建筑师设置了专刊。这本曾经刊登过诺曼福斯特（Norman Foster）、坂茂（Shigeru ban）、Iwan Baan等人的出版物，甚至这次月刊的封面都是由多西本人设计的特别版，该封面对项目中常被使用的混凝土表达了敬意，这种混凝土经由特殊材料处理，有着独特的美学与外观效果。恰逢Architectural Digest India的最新发行，Designboom对多西进行了访谈。以下为采访全文。
Designboom（以下简称DB）：Architectural Digest India2018年7-8月的出版物刊登了您职业生涯的各项作品。回顾自己的作品是什么感受？
多西（以下简称BVD）：非常高兴。我很满足，也很惊讶他们能够如此详细地整理出各个作品。人们能够从中而了解我的能力、行为以及所处时代，因此，我对这次的出版作品非常满意，非常感谢他们。
In recognition of Doshi’s work, Architectural Digest India has dedicated its July-August 2018 issue to the architect. The publication — which features contributions from Norman Foster, Shigeru Ban, and Iwan Baan, among others — is even fronted by a special edition cover, designed by BV Doshi himself. The cover pays homage to concrete, used in so many of the architect’s projects, with an acrylic-based paste used to give the edition an authentic appearance, texture, and weight. Coinciding with the release of AD India’s latest issue, Designboom speaks with BV Doshi. Read the interview in full below.
Designboom: Architectural Digest India’s July-August 2018 issue celebrates your career to date. How does it feel to look back at your work?
B.V. Doshi: I feel happy. I am content and I am also very surprised that they went into more detail than I would have ever expected. Can a person which has body, mass and skin, really be a tool to understand their ability, their behaviour or their condition? So, I think I am very happy with the issue, and I must thank them.
Premabhai 大厅, 艾哈迈达巴德，1976／Premabhai hall, Ahmedabad, 1976. Image © Iwan Baan/Architectural Digest India
DB：您为什么选择混凝土作为出版物的封面？让您产生兴趣的是这种材料的哪个特点？
BVD：混凝土有延展性且可模制。它在未加工的情况下表现良好，几乎可以代替石头。
DB：在过去的几十年里，您如何看待自己的职业发展？您对建筑的个人观点发生了变化吗？
BVD：我开始尝试用简单的材料为穷人做设计。现在的我发现已经到了一个新阶段，我意识到更多的人需要住房，这就是我想要做的，那就是让他们有家可归。
DB: Why did you choose concrete for your design of the issues’ cover? What is it about the material that interests you?
BVD: Concrete is malleable and mouldable. Done well, it can almost replace stone, if there’s no re-enforcement.
DB: How have you seen your career evolve over the past decades? Has your personal approach to architecture changed?
BVD: I began working with simple materials and for the poor but now I find that I have come to a stage where I realize that the larger number of people need dwellings, and that is what I have done — empower them.
环境规划中心，艾哈迈达巴德，1966-2012／Centre for environmental planning & technology, Ahmedabad, 1966-2012. Image © Iwan Baan/Architectural Digest India
DB：您说过，应该把自己的普利兹克建筑奖归功于导师勒•柯布西耶，能就此再谈一谈吗？
BVD：根据印度的传统，如果有人影响到你，而你因此大受启发，那么你自然会称他为你的导师，因为他通过自己的精神和哲学引导了你。
DB：您认为获得普利兹克建筑奖，让年轻的建筑师和学生对您的项目产生了更大的兴趣吗？
BVD：是的，当然!
DB: You said that you owe your Priztker Prize to Le Corbusier, who you describe as your guru. Can you expand on that?
BVD: In Indian tradition if somebody influences you and you become more sensitive or enlightened, then you would naturally call him your guru because he’s the one who is guiding you through his spirit and through his philosophy.
DB: Do you feel that winning the Pritzker Prize has resulted in a greater interest in your projects among younger architects and students?
BVD: Yes, of course!
多西正在设计封面／BV Doshi working on the design of the cover. Image by Neville Sukhia
DB：您说过工作是自己的生命、哲学和梦想。这是什么意思？
BVD：年轻的时候习惯于简单、清晰，表达的方式非常受限。随着年龄的增长，伴随着经验的增多，自己的语汇和对它们的理解也随之扩展。我在工作中也是如此。因此，我很高兴现在的自己可以操纵空间、形式、结构和风格。可以将更有意义的东西传递给别人。
DB：您认为建筑在当今社会中的作用是什么？
BVD：只要社会上还有雕塑，那么建筑就是一种象征。然而在现在这个时代，建筑与食物、服务和住宅同等重要。建筑既优雅又舒适，同时具有实用价值。
DB: You have said that your work is an extension of your life, philosophy, and dreams. What do you mean by this?
BVD: When you are young, you are very simple, clear, and have only a very limited vocabulary. As you grow older, along with your experiences, your vocabulary and your understanding of the vocabulary expands. This is what happened in my work as well. so, I am very happy that today I can manipulate space, form, structure, character, etc. And deliver something that is more meaningful to me and to others.
DB: what is the role of architecture in today’s society?
BVD: As long as there were sculptures in the society, architecture was iconic. However, in today’s times, architecture is as important as food, services and shelter. In architecture, there is grace, there is beauty and there is comfort… as well as utility.
设计表达了对混凝土的敬意，这是多西最喜爱的材料／The design pays homage to concrete, one of Doshi’s most beloved materials. Image by Neville Sukhia
DB：目前建筑师面临的最大挑战是什么？
BVD：应对这个充满活力的世界所产生的快速变化。
DB：您如何评价印度目前的建筑状况？您对未来持乐观态度吗？
BVD：我不知道。时代在变化，人们的态度也发生改变。我希望他们可以对生活方式以及相应的设计理念变得更加敏感。
DB: What is the greatest challenge facing architects at this time?
BVD: To cope with the fast changes in an animate world.
DB: How do you assess the current state of architecture in India? Are you optimistic about the future?
BVD: I can’t say. Times are changing, people’s attitudes are changing. I hope they become more sensitive to life, way of life, and design accordingly.
Architectural Digest India2018年7-8月封面／Architectural Digest India July-August 2018 cover. Image by Talib Chitalwala
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