Courtesy of ORBITZ
芝加哥高层建筑交互式天际线的历史旅程
Travel Through History with this Interactive Timeline of Chicago's Tallest Buildings
由专筑网李韧，吴静雅编译
泥城、风城、巨肩之城，不论是哪种别名，有一件事都是肯定的，那就是芝加哥是高层建筑的发源地。
为了庆祝这座城市在摩天大楼的飞速创新，Orbitz总结了芝加哥最具代表性天际线建筑的20大案例。
从Orbitz所给出的清单中可以看到芝加哥高层建筑的交互式时间发展。
Mud City, the Windy City, the City of the Big Shoulders... If there is one thing we are certain of, it is that Chicago is the birthplace of exceptionally tall buildings.
To celebrate the city's ongoing innovations in soaring skyscrapers, Orbitz has illustrated 20 of Chicago’s most iconic sky-high architecture.
View the republished content from Orbitz' list complete with an interactive timeline of Chicago's tallest buildings.
Courtesy of ORBITZ
芝加哥摩天大楼/ Orbitz
芝加哥家庭保险大楼/1885年/138英尺（约42米）
芝加哥家庭保险大楼有幸成为世界上第一座摩天大楼，建筑于1885年建造完成，设计应用了防火钢结构框架体系，这在当时是一项革命性的建筑壮举。这座建筑在1931年被拆除，在此之前建筑新增了2个楼层，高度增加了42英尺（约12米）。
蒙纳德诺克大厦/1893年/197英尺（约60米）
蒙纳德诺克大厦因其南北两部分之间的独特的建筑分割而知名，北半部分于1891年完工，应用了传统的厚重砖墙来支撑16层建筑，而南部在两年之后完工，支撑体系为钢结构框架，顶层有着华丽的铜制檐口。
Chicago Skyscrapers by Orbitz
Home Insurance Building, 1885 - 138 ft.
The Home Insurance Building had the honor of being the world's first skyscraper. Completed in 1885, it was designed with a fireproof steel frame, a revolutionary architectural feat at the time. It was demolished in 1931, by which time it had gained two extra floors and an added height of 42 ft.
Monadnock Building, 1893 - 197 ft.
The Monadnock Building is known for the distinctive architectural split between its north and south halves. The north half, completed in 1891, was built with traditional thick brick walls to support its 16-story height. The south half, completed two years later, is supported by a steel skeleton frame and topped by an ornate copper cornice.
箭牌大厦｜Wrigley Building, 1924. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
箭牌大厦/1924年/428英尺（约133米）
箭牌大厦位于芝加哥河的北岸，最初是作为箭牌公司的总部而建。建筑包含有两座塔楼，中间由人行通道相连接，建筑立面覆盖有25万块不同明度的白色陶土砖，偶尔保留有水洗的效果，看起来会更加自然。
论坛报大厦/1925年/463英尺（约141米）
论坛报大厦来源于芝加哥论坛报于1922年举办的竞赛。获奖设计由于其哥特式风格而饱受争议，因此建筑师还增加了华丽的石像鬼和扶壁。来自世界各地的石材也应用在塔楼的墙体之中，其中甚至有如金字塔的原材料。
35 East Wacker/1927年/523英尺（约159米）
35 East Wacker也名为珠宝商大厦，曾经也是世界上最高的建筑之一。其中包含有珠宝商的办公室，并且有23层专门用于车库。司机和珍贵的珠宝会通过建筑外部的电梯来到办公场所，从而减少珠宝在外面街道上被盗的风险。
Carbide & Carbon大厦/1929年/503英尺（约153米）
Carbide & Carbon大厦于1929年专为Union Carbide and Carbon公司设计建造，建筑有着奢侈的装饰艺术派风格，传言效仿香槟酒瓶，外立面有着抛光的黑色花岗岩、金色叶子、大理石青铜细部。曾计划建造姊妹建筑，但是由于1929年的市场崩盘而被取消。
Wrigley Building, 1924 - 438 ft.
The Wrigley Building, situated on the north bank of the Chicago River, was originally built to serve as the headquarters for the Wrigley Company. Its two towers - joined by walkways - are clad with 250,000 terracotta tiles in varying shades of white, each occasionally hand-washed to keep them looking their best.
Tribune Tower, 1925 - 463 ft.
The Tribune Tower's eye-catching architecture is the result of a competition held by the Chicago Tribune newspaper in 1922. The winning design was controversial at the time for its Gothic features, including ornate gargoyles and buttresses. A collection of stones from sites around the world - such as the Great Pyramid - are famously embedded into the walls of the tower.
35 East Wacker, 1927 - 523 ft.
35 East Wacker - or the Jewelers Building - was once one of the tallest buildings in the world. It housed the offices of jewelry merchants and dedicated 23 floors to garage space for their cars. A lift on the outside of the building would transport the drivers and their precious jewels up to their offices to reduce the risk of being burgled on the street outside.
Carbide & Carbon Building, 1929 - 503 ft.
The Carbide & Carbon Building was built in 1929 for the Union Carbide and Carbon Co. Its extravagant Art Deco design - rumored to emulate a champagne bottle - includes a polished black granite exterior and gold leaf, marble and bronze detailing. A sister building was planned but was canceled due to the devastating market crash of 1929.
芝加哥期货交易所大楼｜Chicago Board of Trade Building, 1930. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
芝加哥期货交易所大楼/1930年/605英尺（约184米）
1930年，芝加哥期货交易所大楼以605英尺（约184米）的惊人高度对外开放，在后来Richard J. Daley中心建成之前，它是芝加哥30多年来最高的建筑。这座建筑是装饰艺术派的最佳代表，有着标志性的特征，例如建筑顶部矗立着31英尺（约9.4米）高的农业女神Ceres –罗马农业女神的铝制雕像。
芝加哥保诚广场一期/1955年/601英尺（约183米）
保诚广场一期项目于1955年完工，这也是在二战之后芝加哥建造的第一座摩天大楼。建筑高度达到了601英尺（约183米），完工后它成为了这座城市中最高的屋顶。这座建筑的外观有些诡异，但是仍然引起了奥巴马的兴趣，这也是他2012年竞选连任的总部所在地。
马利纳城/1964-1968年/599英尺（约182米）
该项目是设计独特的双子塔，经常被比作玉米棒，在建成时是世界上最高的住宅建筑。 每座现代主义建筑都有65层高，由建筑师Bertrand Goldberg设计，尽可能少地包含直角。
Chicago Board of Trade Building, 1930 - 605 ft.
The Chicago Board of Trade Building opened in 1930 at a staggering height of 605 ft - the tallest in Chicago for over 30 years until the Richard J. Daley Center was built. Hugely recognizable, the building is considered a masterpiece in Art Deco design and features iconic details such as the 31 ft aluminum statue of Ceres - Roman goddess of agriculture - standing on top of the building.
One Prudential Plaza, 1955 - 601 ft.
Completed in 1955, One Prudential Plaza was the first skyscraper to be built in Chicago after the Second World War. It reaches a height of 601 ft, which at its completion made it the building with the tallest roof in the city. Despite its 'ugly' appearance, the building drew the interest of Barack Obama, who based his 2012 re-election campaign at the skyscraper.
Marina City, 1964-1968 - 599 ft.
Often likened to corn on the cob, these uniquely designed twin skyscrapers were, at the time of their completion, the tallest residential buildings in the world. Each of the Modernist buildings reach 65 stories and were designed by architect Bertrand Goldberg to contain as few right angles as possible.
湖心大厦｜Lake Point Tower, 1968. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
湖心大厦/1968年/645英尺（约196米）
湖心大厦由于其独特而吸睛的形态而获奖，位于密歇根湖畔，共70层，曾经也是世界上最高的住宅楼。这座建筑的设计概念受到了现代主义建筑大师密斯“少即是多”的理念的影响。
芝加哥北密歇根大道875号/1969年/1128英尺（约343米）
芝加哥北密歇根大道875号也名为约翰汉考克中心，是芝加哥最为著名的摩天大楼之一。建筑高达1128英尺（约343米），目前是芝加哥的第四高的建筑、也是美国的第九高的建筑。直通上部观景平台的电梯是世界上速度最快的电梯，速度能达到每小时20英里（约32公里）。
Lake Point Tower, 1968 - 645 ft.
The Lake Point Tower has won awards for its unique and eye-catching architecture. It stands 70 stories tall on the Lake Michigan lakefront and was once the tallest residential building in the world. Its design was influenced by world-renowned Modernist architect Mies van der Rohe's unbuilt (and much smaller) concept for an office in Berlin.
875 North Michigan Avenue, 1969 - 1,128 ft.
875 North Michigan Avenue, also known as the John Hancock Center, is one of the most famous skyscrapers in Chicago. Measuring 1,128 ft, it is currently the fourth-tallest building in the city and the ninth in the United States. The elevators to the observation deck are some of the fastest in the world, capable of reaching speeds of about 20mph.
CNA中心｜CNA Center, 1972. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
CNA中心/1972年/601英里（约183米）
CAN中心也名为“Big Red”，建筑于1972年完工，以其夺目的大红色而闻名，这种色彩覆盖了建筑的外部立面和部分的内部特征。在特殊情况下，建筑中的灯光可以由电脑程序来控制，而表达特定的信息。
怡安中心/1973年/1136英尺（约346米）
怡安中心是芝加哥的第三高的建筑，在1973年建成时是芝加哥最高的建筑。建筑的外立面原设计为大理石，但是考虑到安全因素，这些立面在上世纪90年代被拆除，后来应用的是白色花岗岩。在项目完工之后，曾多次被重新命名，但是“Big Stan”这个称呼从标准石油大厦成立以来沿用至今。
330 North Wabash/AMA广场/IBM大楼/1973年/695英尺（约211米）
这座巨大的建筑，也被称为IBM大楼，高度约为695英尺（约211米）。由建筑大师路德维希·密斯·凡德罗在1969年去世之前而设计，建筑同样由钢和玻璃组成，这是密斯的代表手法。在2010年，这座建筑被列入国家历史遗迹名录，成为名单中芝加哥的最新建筑。
CNA Center, 1972 - 601 ft.
The CNA Center, also known as 'Big Red', was completed in 1972 and is well-known for its striking red color, which covers the exterior and many interior features of the building. On special occasions, the lights in the building are timed by a computer program to display messages.
The Aon Center, 1973 - 1,136 ft.
The Aon Center is the third-tallest building in Chicago and was the tallest building in the city at the time of its completion in 1973. The building's facade was originally clad in marble, but this was removed and replaced with white granite in the early 1990's following safety concerns. Its been renamed several times since its completion, but the nickname 'Big Stan' has stuck around since its days as the Standard Oil Building.
330 North Wabash / AMA Plaza / IBM Building, 1973 - 695 ft.
This monolithic building, also known as the IBM Building, measures a breathtaking 695 ft tall. It was designed by the world-renowned architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe before he died in 1969 and is composed of the glass and steel that was his trademark. In 2010 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places, making it the newest building in Chicago on that list.
西尔斯大厦｜Willis Tower AKA Sears Tower, 1974. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
西尔斯大厦/1974年/1451英尺（约442米）
Willis Tower,，通常被称为西尔斯大厦，也许是芝加哥的所有摩天大楼中最为知名的，同时也是西半球第二高的建筑，共有110层，高度达到1451英尺（约442米）。建筑为独特的束筒型结构，这是设计师Fazlur Rahman Khan的创新成果。
芝加哥Crain传媒大厦/1983年/582英尺（约177米）
Crain传媒大厦于1983年完工，共41层，建筑有着不同寻常的设计，例如倾斜的屋顶，然后将建筑的中心分隔开，从而形成了这座芝加哥独一无二的摩天大楼，同时这座建筑也由其菱形屋顶而获得“钻石大厦”的美誉。
美国全国广播公司/1989年/627英尺（约191米）
美国全国广播公司也是城市最为知名的摩天大楼之一，建筑也有着装饰艺术派风格，建筑特征与论坛报大厦和纽约著名的洛克菲勒广场相呼应。建筑高度为627英尺（约191米），其中设置有NBC办公室与工作室。
保诚广场二期/1990年/995英尺（约303米）
保诚广场二期项目高度为995英尺（约303米），是芝加哥的第六高的建筑，建筑于1990年建成，有着金字塔形态的顶部，尖顶部分的高度为80英尺（约24米），如果没有这个尖顶，二期项目仍然也高于一期项目。人们常常认为这是芝加哥城市中最美丽的摩天大楼之一。
Willis Tower / Sears Tower, 1974 - 1,451 ft.
The Willis Tower, often called the Sears Tower, is perhaps the most famous of all the Chicago skyscrapers. Second-tallest in the Western Hemisphere, this building reaches a height of 1,451 ft and contains 110 stories. Its unique architecture is the result of its bundled tube structure, an innovation of designer Fazlur Rahman Khan and the first of its kind.
Crain Communications Building, 1983 - 582 ft.
The Crain Communications Building was completed in 1983 and is 41 stories high. Its unusual design - including a slanted roof and split down the center of the building - makes it one of the most unique skyscrapers in Chicago, and has earned it nicknames such as the 'Diamond Building' because of its diamond-shaped roof.
NBC Tower, 1989 - 627 ft.
The NBC Tower is one of the most famous skyscrapers in the city, notable for its striking Art Deco design with architectural features echoing those of the Tribune Tower and New York City's famous 30 Rockefeller Plaza. It rises 627 ft into the air and houses the offices and studios of NBC.
Two Prudential Plaza, 1990 - 995 ft.
Two Prudential Plaza is 995 ft tall, making it the sixth-tallest building in Chicago. Completed in 1990, its distinctive features include a pyramid-like peak and an 80 ft spire, without which it would still remain taller than One Prudential Plaza (which it is attached to). It is often recognized as one of the most beautiful skyscrapers in the city.
水滴塔｜Aqua Tower, 2009. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
水滴塔/2009年/859英尺（约261米）
水滴塔于2009年完工，有着令人惊叹的建筑形态，因此也获得了诸多奖项。建筑的水滴形态形成了曲线型露台，每个楼层都有着不同的大小的弧形阳台，建筑的设计灵感来源于自然地形和附近的密歇根湖。同时这也是由女性主导的建筑公司设计的世界上最高的摩天大楼之一。
北河畔150号广场/2017年/724英尺（约220米）
北河畔150号广场于2017年建成，顶部形态厚重，整体外观特别，因此有着诸如“断头台”的绰号，建筑下方是技术性的平台，前八层以一定的角度从平台向上，然后筑继续向上延伸至其54层高的其余部分。
新闻来源：Orbitz
Aqua Tower, 2009 - 859 ft.
Completed in 2009, Aqua Tower has won many awards for its stunning architecture. Its rippling, watery appearance is the result of curved balconies of varying sizes on each story, inspired by the topography of nature and nearby Lake Michigan. It's also one of the tallest skyscrapers in the world to have been designed by a woman-led architectural firm.
150 North Riverside, 2017 - 724 ft.
150 North Riverside Plaza was completed in 2017. Its unique, top-heavy shape - garnering it nicknames such as 'the guillotine' - is the result of building on a small and technically troublesome plot; the first eight stories rise outwards at an angle from the base and then the building continues upwards traditionally for the rest of its 54-story height.
News via Orbitz
家庭保险大楼｜Home Insurance Building, 1885. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
芝加哥保诚广场一期｜One Prudential Plaza, 1955. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
蒙纳德诺克大厦｜Monadnock Building, 1893. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
马利纳城｜Marina City, 1964. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
论坛报大厦｜Tribune Tower, 1925. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
35 East Wacker, 1927 . Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
芝加哥北密歇根大道875号｜875 North Michigan Avenue, 1969. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
美国全国广播公司｜NBC Tower, 1989. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
CNA中心｜CNA Center, 1972. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
Carbide & Carbon大厦｜Carbide & Carbon Building, 1929. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
330 North Wabash/AKA AMA Plaza, 1973. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
Crain传媒大厦｜Crain Communications Building, 1983. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
保诚广场二期｜Two Prudential Plaza, 1990. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
北河畔150号广场｜150 North Riverside, 2017. Image Courtesy of ORBITZ
|
|
