Image © Sergio Grazia
设计优良的建筑：6个兼顾可持续和性能的项目
Designing Virtuous Buildings: 6 Projects that Combine Sustainability and Performance
由专筑网邢子，小R编译
沙漠中诸如贝都因人、柏柏尔人、图阿雷格人等游牧民族穿着的衣服通常是深色且长条的，并由厚重的织物制成。这恰恰与常识相反，因为一般认为在炎热的气候下应当穿着轻薄、浅色和较短的衣服。其实，厚重和宽松的衣服有利于空气对流，使空气沿着身体不断流动，在干旱的气候下提供热舒适。对于建筑来说，这个例子也是可行的。当探索能源效率和项目性能时，我们将不可避免地谈论其围护结构以及其他方面。一个成功的解决方案在一个地方可行，却不一定在另一个地方也是有效的。
在过去的两年中，一系列关于健康和可持续的文章出现，主要集中在建筑行业。但是，如何根据项目的需求和背景，合理应用解决方案，使它们在高效的同时性能良好？
The clothes used by nomadic peoples in the desert (Bedouins, Berbers, Tuareg, among others) are usually dark, long and made of heavy fabric. Contrary to common sense, which would recommend light, pale and short clothes for a hot climate; heavy and loose clothing favors air convection, creating a constant flow of air along the body, providing thermal comfort in arid climates. For buildings, the analogy works. When approaching energy efficiency and project performance, we will inevitably talk about its envelope, among other aspects of the project. A successful solution in one location, will not always be efficient in another.
During the last 2 years we have created a series of articles on wellness and sustainability focused on the construction industry. But how do projects, according to their demands and context, apply the solutions to make them, in fact, efficient and perform well?
Curve大楼 / Chartier Dalix Architectes
Image Cortesia de Saint-Gobain
The Curve是巴黎的一座商业建筑，于2020年竣工，其能耗比法国新建筑热能法规（RT 2021）规定的能耗低40%，并实现了较高的环境目标，它符合法国HQE标准中商业建筑的优秀标准，并通过了BREEAM和Effinergie+认证。这归功于木质结构的天然隔热性能，也归功于采用COOL-LITE® XTREME阳光控制玻璃的性能。它的real selectivity大于2（也就是说，传输到室内的太阳光是自然采光水平的两倍以上），Ug值低至0.9W/m2K（Ug越低，隔热性能越好）。
The Curve / Chartier Dalix Architectes
The Curve, a commercial building in Paris completed in 2020, has a 40% lower energy consumption than that specified by the French thermal regulation for new buildings (RT 2021) and achieves high environmental targets: it meets the French HQE standard Excellent for commercial buildings and is BREEAM and Effinergie+ certified. This is due to the natural insulating properties of the wooden structure, but also to the performance of the openings, which feature COOL-LITE® XTREME solar control glass. It has a real selectivity greater than 2 (that is, more than twice the natural lighting level in relation to the solar hear transmitted to the interior) and a Ug value of down to 0.9W/m2K (the lower Ug the better thermal insulation).
Szervita广场大厦 / Antal Fekete, DVM Group and László Gellár
Image Cortesia de Saint-Gobain, ©Sz. Nagy Judit
在这个位于布达佩斯的混合用途建筑——Szervita广场大厦中，建筑师用玻璃设计了整个建筑的结构。所选择的玻璃是COOL-LITE® XTREME SILVER II，反映了周围的历史建筑形态，形成了新旧交替的生动拼贴。反光的外观与对阳光的控制相结合，阻挡了大部分的太阳辐射，确保了用户的高舒适度和能源节约。这也是该建筑能够达到要求，并成为欧盟第一个LEED白金级综合开发项目的一个重要原因。
Szervita Square Building / Antal Fekete, DVM Group and László Gellár
In this mixed-use building in Budapest, the Szervita Square Building, the architects designed the entire structure of the building with glass. The chosen glass, COOL-LITE® XTREME SILVER II, reflects the surrounding historic buildings, resulting in a lively collage of old and new. The reflective appearance is combined with high solar control, which blocks much of the solar radiation and ensures high user comfort and energy savings. This is one of the reasons the building was able to meet the requirements and to be the first LEED Platinum mixed-use development in the EU.
Muxikebarri表演艺术中心和音乐学校 / LMU Arkitektura
Image © Pedro Pegenaute
在Muxikebarri表演艺术中心和音乐学校，LMU Arkitektura事务所的建筑师们成功地打造了一个城市地标，将文化中心的功能与环境问题以及声光学舒适性结合起来。根据该项目团队的说法，“玻璃幕墙平面构成了一个双层系统，将其支撑物插入内部，通过镀锌元件固定。在南向，这些幕墙作为通风设备起到热调节的作用，在北向则作为热补偿工具。该环境是通过采用木质板条系统（标准型材40cm x 20cm，斜向时切割为两块）创造的，该系统作为散热装置贯穿于整个项目之中。”
Muxikebarri Center of Performing Arts and Music School / LMU Arkitektura
At the Muxikebarri Center of Performing Arts and Music School, the architects of LMU Arkitektura managed to create a landmark in the city, incorporating the functions of a cultural center with environmental concerns and thermal and acoustic comfort for the occupants. According to the project's team: “The glazed façade planes constitute a double-layer system that inserts its buttresses inside, fixed by means of galvanized elements. In the south they function as ventilation devices for thermal regulation and in the north as thermal compensation instruments. The environment is created by adopting a system of wooden slats (standard profile 40cm x 20cm optimized in two pieces when cut diagonally) that works as a heat sink that extends to the entire project.”
GZ住宅 / Cáceres Lazo工作室
Image © Pablo Casals Aguirre
随着市场上新技术的出现，使用大面积的玻璃外墙并不一定意味着能源的增加或损失。在Cáceres Lazo工作室设计的GZ住宅的案例中，东面外墙的大块玻璃是热能玻璃，由于其低辐射率（玻璃通过热传导在室内和室外之间传递热量的能力）而具有很高的性能。
Casa GZ / Studio Cáceres Lazo
With the new technologies that are now available in the market, using an extensive glass facade will not necessarily imply energy gains or losses. In the case of Casa GZ, by Studio Cáceres Lazo, the large pane of glass on the east facade is thermal glass, with high performance due to its low emissivity (the ability of glass to transfer heat between interior and exterior through thermal conduction).
克拉克公园WMS船屋 / Studio Gang
Image © Steve Hall/Hedrich Blessing
Image © Steve Hall/Hedrich Blessing
对于克拉克公园的WMS船屋，Studio Gang建筑事务所选择在大面积的玻璃区域使用太阳能控制玻璃。这些产品对阳光的反应与普通玻璃不同，这是由于在制造过程中在玻璃表面覆盖了一层特殊的涂层。这样一来，大部分热量被玻璃吸收，不会散发到建筑的内部。由于它的高反射率，大部分热能被隔绝在外面。所以，在这种项目中，玻璃的选择至关重要，正如负责团队在项目描述中写的那样，“玻璃可以让结构在冬天供热，夏天通风，从而减少全年的能源消耗。”
圣戈班大厦 / Valode & Pistre
对于一个公司来说，其总部一般是用来向社会申明其价值。就圣戈班公司而言，它是一家生产各种不同建筑材料的法国制造商，其建筑也需要展示可持续性以及该品牌在其所有产品中所追求的性能。由Valode & Pistre设计的位于巴黎拉德芳斯的圣戈班大厦，就如同三个水晶，通过反射和透明的变化来捕捉和发散光线。大型温室为建筑的灵气和环境性能做出了贡献，而所有楼层的花园都可以从办公室直接进入。与大多数玻璃办公楼不同的是，该塔楼具有极高的透明度，同时由于内部的运动而具有动态的轮廓。玻璃是该公司的一个亮点，强调其美学品质和透光性能、隔热和控制太阳光的特性。
WMS Boathouse at Clark Park / Studio Gang
For the WMS WMS Boathouse at Clark Park, Studio Gang Architects chose to use solar control glass in the large glazed areas. These products react to sunlight differently from ordinary glass, due to a special coating deposited on the glass surface during its manufacture. In this way, much of the heat is absorbed by the glass, but not emitted into the interior of the building. Because they are more reflective, much of the thermal energy is reflected outside. In this case, the choice of glass was important, as it was written in the project description by the responsible team: “The glazing allows the structure's floor to be heated in winter and ventilated in summer to minimize energy consumption throughout the year. ”
Tour Saint-Gobain / Valode & Pistre
For a company, the opportunity to build a headquarters is generally used to affirm its values to society. In the case of Saint-Gobain, a French manufacturer of a variety of different building materials, the architecture also needed to demonstrate sustainability and the pursuit of performance that the brand seeks to achieve in all its products. The Saint-Gobain Tower in La Défense, Paris, designed by Valode & Pistre can be compared to a set of three crystals that capture and diffuse light with a game of reflection and transparency. Large greenhouses contribute to the building's aura and environmental performance, while gardens on all floors can be accessed directly from the offices. Unlike most glass office buildings, the tower has great transparency and a dynamic silhouette due to the movement inside. Glass, which remains a highlight of the company's traditional activity, was chosen for this purpose, emphasizing aesthetic qualities and the properties of light transmission, thermal insulation and solar control.
Image © Sergio Grazia
尽管其他一些因素影响着建筑物的性能和能源效率，但外墙却起着关键作用，因为它们构成了抵御热、冷、风和恶劣天气的第一道屏障。而门窗等开口处往往最终被确定为薄弱点，是难以控制热量损失和增加的地方。如果可以根据每个项目的要求正确使用玻璃，就能为实现可持续发展和良好性能作出贡献。
Although several other factors influence the performance and energy efficiency of a building, facades play a key role, as they constitute the first barrier against heat, cold, wind and bad weather. And openings, such as doors and windows, often end up being identified as weak points and places where it is difficult to control heat loss and gain. This article sought to show that glass, if correctly specified and according to the demands of each project, can contribute to achieving a sustainable and good performance building.
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