渔人住宅—与树共居
思路： 1. 环境 2. 形态 3. 森林
Fisherman's house - living with growing trees
Thoughts: 1. Environment 2. Shape 3. Forest
位于茨城县北部的Itsuura市以繁荣的渔业闻名。冈仓天心迷恋Itsuura海岸线的风景，热爱此地，并以其为最终居所。这里有一些历史性建筑，比如由天心设计的Rokakudo静居以及天心纪念美术馆。 住宅的主人是个渔民。他的祖先是一位在天心附近工作的水手侍丛。据说当年天心留下一句话：“渔人务请植树于山。”这一设计方案的故事始于渔人打算充分利用从祖先那继承的山林场地，来设计这栋住宅。 冈仓天心*（又名冈仓觉三）是一名日本学者，对日本美术的发展作出了贡献。本国以外，今日的他被人们记住，主要因为他是《说茶》一书的作者。
The city of Itsuura, located in the north part of Ibaragi prefecture, has known as a prosperous fishery. Tenshin Okakura * who was enamored by the scenery of the coast line of Itsuura and loved the place as his final abode. There are some historic architectures such as Rokakudo ** designed by Tenshin and Tenshin Memorial Museum of Art. The owner of the house is a fisherman. His ancestor was a sailor attendant working near Tenshin. In those days, it was saying that Tenshin left a message "Fishermen do plant trees in mountains". The story of the project starts with planning to make full use of the site in the mountain inherited from his ancestor and design the house. Tenshin Okakura * (also known as Okakura Kakuzo) was a Japanese scholar who contributed to the development of arts in Japan. Outside of Japan, he is mainly remembered today as the author of "The Book of Tea".
Rokakudo 是一处俯瞰Itsuura海的六角形木结构静居。 “V”字外形充分利用土地。因为场地面向南面倾斜，一开始充分评估，对场地做出规划很重要。建筑师制定了一项规划，不去开发土地，而是根据现有场地的情况来设计，尽可能保护树木。 建筑师首先勘查山坡，然后根据数据建构外形，使一些平坦的表面显现，并把它们联结起来。点变成线，线变成面，重复这些步骤，最终找到建造房屋的合适地点，同时充分利用场地环境。住宅的规划看起来像展开的“V”字形，两翼分别设计用于不同的居住环境。
Rokakudo is a hexagonal wooden retreat overlooking the Itsuura sea.
"V" makes full use of the land Because of the south-facing steep site, to begin with evaluating to plan the site was very important issue.
Not to develop the land, we set a rule to follow the shape of the current site condition and preserve the trees as possible as we can. At first to survey the mountain slope, second modeling the shape from data, and some flat surfaces were emerged and connected them. Points became lines and lines became surfaces, repeating these processes, we could finally find out the suitable location to plan to build the house, and it also makes full use of environment of the site. The plan of the house looks like spreading shape of "V", and two wings are designed as different living environments.
住宅由简单的材料构成；木材和玻璃。整齐排布柱子和横向天窗，并在两者间斜对角向嵌入木块，木质框架墙充当支撑装置。除了斜置木块，还安装了固定玻璃和半蓬式天窗。 外部木制天窗一年四季控制着光照。不规则的光线穿透树木进入房间，一瞥窗外的风景，屋内的人们能够感到四季柔和的变化。
The house consists of the simple materials; woods and glasses. To arrange the columns and lateral louvers regularly, and inlay wooden blocks diagonally in between them, the wooden frame wall acts as a bracing. Besides diagonal lines of wooden blocks, fixed glasses and partially awning windows are installed. External wooden louvers are controlling the sunlight season by season. Irregular Sunlight filtering though trees comes into the room, from beyond the glimpse of the scenery, people inside of the house can feel the gentle change of four seasons.
前门向内是工作间和渔人设备间。楼梯通向上层工作区。
The inside of the front door is the workshop fisherman's devices. The stairs lead to the upper level of working space.
两个浴缸可放入不同温度的水，以适应出海归来渔人寒冷的身体。
Two bathtubs are prepared to fill them with two different temperatures to accustom fisherman's cold body after returning from the sea.
由圆柱形“地基”和一堆原木“柱杆”支撑的木结构
这块场地靠近Itsuura海和天心设计的Rokkakudo静居，位于山腰天然形成的“柱座”的一角，“柱座”是一块垂直突出的基岩层。住宅两侧的不同空间形成支架结构，从后部山腰伸向海域。在底部和两个支架的相交点，三个3米高的圆柱形“地基”被纯混凝
土（坍落度=8cm）直接安置在基岩上。 这堆原木“柱杆”从“地基”向外侧伸展。140mm直径的“柱杆”环形排布，底部两根，顶部单根。360mm-800mm直径的大梁连接“柱杆”和山坡。这些大梁在海洋和高山间创造了一块“楼层”，人们大部分时间呆在上面。外部木制墙是以斜对角排列的已成型的120mm厚的木块，充当承重墙。
Wooden structure supported by the cone shaped "foundation stone" and bunch of log "posts"
The site, near the sea of Itsuura and Tenshin's Rokkakudo, is located on a corner of the hillside natural "stylobate" which is a bedrock layer vertically protruded. Two different space of the house are cantilevered and heading to the valley side from the hillside at the back behind. At bottom ends and a cross point of the cantilevers, three of 3m high cone shaped "foundation stones" are installed to pured concrete (slump = 8cm) directly on the bedrock. The bunch of log "post" are radiating out from the "foundation stones". 140mm-diameter "posts" are arranged in circularly double at the bottom and single at the top. The girders with 360 - 800mm depth are running between the "posts" and the slop of the hill. They are also creating the "floor" the people spending most of the time on it between the sea (valley) and the mountain (hill). Arranging finished 120mm-thick wooden blocks in diagonal position, the external wooden walls are acting as a bearing wall.
结构图解
在工厂内/角楼/运输工作
卡车运载的分开的角楼部件
竖立角楼/由起重机吊起
在山腰地基上的角楼
角楼的预装配 木块支撑装置的构架想像
整齐排布圆柱和横向天窗，在其间斜对角式嵌入木块，木制框架充当支撑装置。
Frame diagram
Inside of factory / a turret / transportation works
Divided turret piece delivering by a truck
Erection of the turret / lifted up by a crane
Turrets with foundation works from the hilltop
Pre-assembly of the turrets
Image of framework for wooden block bracing
To arrange the columns and lateral louvers regularly, and are inlay the wooden blocks diagonally in between them, the wooden frame acts as a bracing.
和当地渔民一起保护森林
肥沃森林蓄积的春天的雨水会流向孕育生命的海洋，并在海洋环境保护中发挥重要作用。遵循天心“渔人务请植树于山”的规戒，建筑师、客户以及Itsuura本地渔民种下了大概60棵树，以将土地恢复成山林。我们希望这样做能为周边地区环境带来益处，世代居住于此的人们照看着森林，并将天心的规戒传给下一代。当这栋住宅以后需要整修时，他们会使用那60棵已长成的树木，并种下新的树木，一直这样下去。 当地渔人在种60棵树
植树造林，将土地恢复成山林。
Protect the forest with local fishermen
A spring water from a rich forest will cultivate a life-bearing sea and will play a great role of a sea environment preservation.
Follow Tenshin's precept "Fishermen do plant trees in mountains", we architects, the client and local Itsuura fishermen have planted about 60-trees in order to return the rest of the land to the mountain.
To doing this, we hope that it gives a fresh profit to surrounding area and environment, the family living the house generation by generation take good care of the forest and take Tenshin's precept over the next generation.
At the time of future renovation of the house, they will use grown-up-60-trees and plant new trees again and again.
Local fishermen are planting 60-trees.
Plant trees and return the land to the mountain.
Structure ・Construction method
Main structure : Conventional wooden framed house
Foundation : Spread footings
one-story house
Eaves height 8,544mm
Max. height 8,588mm
Site area 997.12m2
Building area 204.94m2
Building coverage ratio : 20.55% Allowance : 40%
Total floor area : 192.92m2
Floor area ratio 19.35% Allowance : 80% Design team
Life Style Koubou, Anzai Construction Co., Ltd.
Project manager / Koutarou Anzai
Engineer : Nawakenji-m
Kenji Nawa, Hitomi Shimoda, Kousuke Araki
Construction : Life Style Koubou, Anzai Construction Co., Ltd.
via：gooood.hk
|
