Primary School in Gando
由专筑网刘政和，杨帆编译
来自建筑事务所的描述。作为一个土生土长的布基纳法索人，Francis Kere在其成长过程中面临过许多挑战和资源匮乏的困境。当他还是个孩子的时候，为了去邻村有照明和通风的学校上学，需要走过近40公里的路程。家乡的环境深深影响了他，在欧洲学习建筑时，他决定用他的知识来为他的家乡建立一所新学校。在社区的支持与基金会的资金募集活动下， Francis Kere开始建设小学，这也是他的第一个建筑设计。
From the architect. As a native of Burkina Faso, Francis Kere grew up with many challenges and few resources. When he was a child, he travelled nearly 40 kilometers to the next village in order to attend a school with poor lighting and ventilation. The experience of trying to learn in this oppressive environment affected him so much that when he began to study architecture in Europe, he decided to reinvest his knowledge towards building a new school in his home village. With the support of his community and funds raised through his foundation, Schulbausteine fuer Gando (Bricks for Gando,) Francis began construction of the Primary School, his very first building.
© Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
Plan/平面图
© Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
小学的设计需要考虑一些因素，包括成本、气候、资源可用性和施工可行性。项目的成功依赖于解决这些问题。为了用最少的资源获得最大的成效，他决定用粘土/泥浆来建造这所小学。粘土在该地区产量丰富，也是该地区传统房屋建造所使用的材料。我们将这些传统的粘土建筑技术进行修改，创建出一种更结实的砖块。粘土砖的优势是便宜、容易生产和具有较好的热工性能。由于其耐用性较差，所以需要用大悬挑铁皮屋顶来保护墙体免受雨水损害。很多布基纳法索房屋的金属屋顶都会吸收来自太阳的热量，使得房间内部环境非常热。
The design for the Primary School evolved from a lengthy list of parameters including cost, climate, resource availability, and construction feasibility. The success of the project relied on both embracing and negating these constraints. In order to maximize results with the minimal resources available, a clay/mud hybrid construction was primarily used. Clay is abundantly available in the region, and is traditionally used in the construction of housing. These traditional clay-building techniques were modified and modernized in order to create a more structurally robust construction in the form of bricks. The clay bricks have the added advantage of being cheap, easy to produce, and also providing thermal protection against the hot climate. Despite their durability, however, the walls must still be protected from damaging rains with a large overhanging tin roof. Many houses in Burkina Faso have corrugated metal roofs which absorb the heat from the sun, making the interior living space intolerably hot.
© Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
小学的屋顶远离内部的学习空间，通过多孔粘土天花板来为屋顶提供足够的通风。这种砖允许天花板最大化地起到通风效果。反过来，学校的这种绿色构造大大缓解了对空调的需求。
The roof of the Primary School was pulled away from the learning space of the interior though, and a perforated clay ceiling with ample ventilation was introduced. This dry-stacked brick ceiling allows for maximum ventilation, pulling cool air in from the interior windows and releasing hot air out through the perforated ceiling. In turn, the ecological footprint of the school is vastly reduced by alleviating the need for air-conditioning.
Section/剖面图
尽管小学的计划是由Francis Kere起草的，但项目的成功要归结为当地村民的密切参与。整个村庄的成员共同努力、建造和维修房屋。为了保持这种文化参与，项目采取了低技术措施和可持续技术方面的发展和改进。孩子们为学校的建造采集石头，妇女们则为制造砖块带来了水。这样，将传统建筑技术与现代工程方法相结合来生产最优质的建筑，并简化了施工和维护过程。
Although the plans for the Primary School were drawn by Francis Kere, the success of the project can be attributed to the close involvement of the local villagers. Traditionally, members of a whole village community work together to build and repair homes in rural Burkina Faso. In keeping with this cultural practice, low-tech and sustainable techniques were developed and improved so that the Gando villagers could participate in the process. Children gathered stones for the school foundation and women brought water for the brick manufacturing. In this way, traditional building techniques were utilized alongside modern engineering methods in order to produce the best quality building solution while simplifying construction and maintenance for the workers.
© Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
于2001年完工的小学在2004年获得了阿迦汗建筑奖。然而，更重要的是小学成为了创建社区自豪感和集体感的里程碑项目。在建成之后，新的文化和教育项目也得到了大家的进一步支持和发展。
The Primary School was completed in 2001 and received the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 2004. More importantly, however, the Primary School became a landmark of community pride and collectivity. As the collective knowledge of construction began to spread and inspire Gando, new cultural and educational projects have since been introduced to further support sustainable development in the village.
© Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
• 建筑设计：Kéré Architecture
• 地点：布基纳法索,Gando
• 项目负责人：Diébédo Francis Kéré
• 甲方：Schulbausteine fuer Gando / Gando Village Community
• 建筑面积：310.0㎡
• 项目时间：2001年
• 摄影：Siméon Duchoud, Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
• Location: Gando, Burkina Faso
• Architect in Charge: Diébédo Francis Kéré
• Client: Schulbausteine fuer Gando / Gando Village Community
• Area: 310.0 sqm
• Project Year: 2001
• Photographs: Siméon Duchoud, Erik-Jan Ouwerkerk
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
|
|
