In Wake of Revolution, Francis Kéré Envisions a Transparent New Architecture for the Burkina Faso Parliament Building
由专筑网Yumi，杨帆编译
2014年10月30日，当时的布基纳法索总统 Blaise Compaoré 准备修改国家宪法，消除总统任期的限制，并允许延长他27年的统治，在首都瓦加杜古，数以万计的布基纳法索民众突破警察的封锁线，放火烧了几座政府大楼，包括市政厅、执政党总部和国民议会大厦。接下来的日子， Compaoré下台，迎来一个民主法治的新时代，在2015年产生第一届多元化的总统选举。但是革命留下的前政府大楼已经破败不堪，在文化和建筑方面都需要一个明确的指引方向。
布基纳法索是前法国殖民地，有1900万人，50个不同的种族和60种以上的语言。该国家需要新的议会，可以作为一种公众基础服务于这些不同的群体，同时为Burkinabés民众提供必要的技术和教育，提高他们的生活质量。
去年，为了寻求解决方案，议会新的领袖找到建筑师和布基纳法索本地的Francis Kéré，为议会大厦开发一座大楼进行总体规划。用建筑师的话来说，这座新的建筑需要是一个“不仅能体现核心民主价值观的透明度、开放性和平等性，整体也要成为瓦加杜古首都经济增长和发展的一个催化剂。”
On October 30, 2014, as Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaoré was preparing to make an amendment to the country’s constitution that would eliminate presidential term limits and allow him to extend his 27 year rule, tens of thousands of Burkinabé citizens in the capital city of Ouagadougou broke through police lines to set fire to several government buildings, including city hall, the ruling party headquarters, and the National Assembly Building. The following day, Compaoré stepped down, ushering in a new era of democratic rule and resulting in the country’s first ever pluralistic and competitive Presidential election in 2015. But the revolution left the former government complex in tatters and in need of a clear direction forward both culturally and architecturally.
A former French colony, Burkina Faso is home to 19 million people, 50 different ethnicities and more than 60 languages. The country would require a new Parliament that could serve as a common ground for these diverse groups, while providing the technology and education necessary to create opportunities and a better quality of life for all Burkinabés.
To find this solution, last year, the new head of Parliament approached architect and Burkina Faso native Francis Kéré to develop a building and masterplan for the Assembly Building. The new building, in the architect’s words, would need to be one that could “not only address the core democratic values of transparency, openness and equality, but could also become a catalyst for growth and development for the capital city of Ouagadougou as a whole.”
Image © Francis Kéré
在2016年威尼斯双年展时，作为第十五届国际建筑展上“寻找新的瓦加杜古”展览的一部分，Francis Kéré 和他的公司Kéré Architecture首次公布了他们的设计计划。Kéré的设计以隆重的让人们去攀登阶梯金字塔的形式，进入或占据整个建筑表面。建筑有6层高，将从低矮的轮廓和瓦加杜古完全平坦的地貌上脱颖而出，让居民对他们城市的整体产生一个新视角。这些设计决策结合起来，将创造一种新的民主意识，它是文字和象征性的。
At the 2016 Venice Biennale, as part of the exhibition “In search of a new Ouagadougou” at the 15th International Architecture Exhibition, Francis Kéré and his firm Kéré Architecture, unveiled the plans for their design for the first time. Kéré’s design takes the form of a grand, stepped ziggurat that invites people to climb, enter or occupy the entire building surface. At 6 stories tall, the building would stand out from the low profile and radically flat topography of Ouagadougou, giving residents a new elevated perspective on the entirety of their city. These design decisions combine to create a new sense of democracy that is both literal and symbolic.
Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Image © Francis Kéré
“在一个乡村环境中，决策的过程不是发生在封闭的门背后的私人问题；社区成员可以自由地坐在附近感受集会和观察的过程。在这种透明和开放的精神下，议会结构的外立面为公众设计成可以栖居的地方，”建筑师解释说。该设计也吸取了来自布基纳法索农业经济的灵感，其中近90%的劳动力受雇于农业。
因为这个原因，Kéré 沿着可占用的立面融合了几阶绿色的露台，为开拓新的城市农业技术创建了一个公共实验室。植被将受到太阳能遮阳的服务，这也为建筑内部提供冷气和流通的空气。
“In a village setting, the process of decision-making is not a private matter occurring behind closed doors; community-members are free to sit near the gathering and observe the proceedings. In this true spirit of transparency and openness, the outer facade of the parliamentary structure is designed to be inhabited by the public,” explain the architects. The design also draws inspiration from Burkina Faso’s agricultural economy, where nearly 90% of the labor force is employed in farming.
For this reason, Kéré has integrated several green terraces along the occupiable facade to create a communal laboratory for pioneering new urban agricultural techniques. The vegetation would be supported by solar shading elements, which would also provide cooling and air circulation to the building’s interior.
Image © Francis Kéré
Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
在建筑内部，国会会议厅新的127个座位的设计没有复制西方政府议会的模式，而是与当地的需求、资源和气候相适应。要做到这一点，Kéré设计了传统的Burkinabés政府布局。“在农村，通常由老年人引导聚集在一棵大树的树荫下讨论重要的事情。Kéré恢复了这种商讨模式，在直接毗邻私人花园的正式议会大厅，议会的成员们可以更直接地被召集起来。”
Inside the building, the new 127-seat Parliament Assembly hall has been designed not to replicate western models for government chambers, but to respond to local needs, resources and climate. To achieve this, Kéré looked to traditional Burkinabés government settings. “In rural areas, the elders of a village gather to discuss important matters under the shade of a great tree. Kéré reinstated this Arbre à palabres, or tree of discussion, in a private garden directly adjacent to the formal assembly hall where members of parliament can convene more directly.”
Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
新的议会建筑在一个更大的总体规划内，也将向基地的历史致敬——取代旧的议会大楼，Kéré设计了一个纪念物，在现场灌溉可收集雨水并作为内部的被动冷却系统。空间的目的是创造一种宁静的氛围，“游客可以在树荫下休息和反思那些在暴动中失去了生命的人。”在纪念碑周围，一片乡土树木将为座位和聚会提供阴影区域。在附近，新的商业店面和展览空间也将激活该空间。
The new parliament building will sit within a larger masterplan that will also pay homage to the site’s history – in place of the ruin of the old assembly building, Kéré has designed a memorial where rainwater can be collected for on-site irrigation and to serve as a passive cooling system for the interior. The space is intended to create a serene atmosphere where “visitors can relax in the shade and reflect upon those who lost their lives in the revolts.” Surrounding the memorial, a grove of native trees will provide shaded areas for seating and gathering. Nearby, new commercial storefronts and exhibitions spaces will activate the space.
Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Image © Francis Kéré
Building Diagram/建筑图解. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Section/剖面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 00/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 01/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 02/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 03/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 04/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Plan 05/平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
Site Plan/场地平面图. Image Courtesy of Kéré Architecture
项目信息
建筑师：Kéré Architecture
地点：布基纳法索，瓦加杜古
设计团队：Francis Kéré, Adriana Arteaga, Jaime Herraiz, Andrea Maretto, Diego Sologuren Martin, Nina Tescari, Blake Villwock
Project Credits
Architect: Kéré Architecture
Location: Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Design Team: Francis Kéré, Adriana Arteaga, Jaime Herraiz, Andrea Maretto, Diego Sologuren Martin, Nina Tescari, Blake Villwock
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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