Location: Room D3, Building D, CAUP, Tongji University
地点： 同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，D楼， D3教室
Cities, like all social reality, are historical products, not only in their physical materiality but in their cultural meaning, in the role they play in the social organization, and in people’s lives. The basic dimension in urban change is the conflictive debate between social classes and historical actors over the meaning of urban, the significance of spatial forms in the social structure, and the content, hierarchy, and destiny of cities in relationship to the entire social structure. A city (and each type of city) is what a historical society decides the city (and each city) will be. Urban is the social meaning assigned to a particular spatial form by a historically defined society.
Manuel Castells
如同所有的社会现实那样，城市也是历史性的产物，这不仅体现于它的物质性实体，而且也体现于它的文化含义，体现于它在社会组织以及人民生活中所扮演的角色。城市变革的基本维度就体现在各个社会阶层以及历史人物就如何界定城市含义、如何界定空间形式在社会结构中的意义、如何界定城市的功能、体系、目标与整体社会结构之间关系的激烈争辩中。一座城市(每一种类型的城市)是由一个历史性的社会决定它应该是怎样的城市，城市就是某个历史性存在的社会将其社会含义赋形为某个具体的空间形态的结果。
