摩天大楼竞赛方案：在世界最大的树内架设巨塔
Skyscraper competition proposal involves erecting towers within world's largest trees

由专筑网李琪，韩平编译

韩国设计团队提出一个摩天大楼概念方案，方案将塔楼插入到美国西部巨大红杉树中空的树干中。

获奖词说道：这是伟大的纪念碑似的且有远见的方案设想，设计师将建筑物建造在原产于加利福尼亚内华达山脉巨型杉树的挖空树干中。结构将被放置在树木腐烂的位置，从而阻止巨大古老树木的腐朽与倒塌。

巨型杉树是世界上最大的单株树种，平均高度为50到85米，直径为6到8米。它们也是地球上现存最古老的生物之一，有些树被认为已经有3000多年的历史了。

A conceptual scheme by a team of South Korean designers calls for inserting towers within the hollowed-out trunks of giant sequoias in the western US.
Called Tribute: The Monument of Giant, the visionary scheme imagines buildings constructed within the empty trunks of giant sequoias, a type of redwood tree native to the Sierra Nevada mountains in California. The structures would be placed where heartwood has rotted away, preventing the huge ancient trees from falling.
Giant sequoias are the largest single trees in the world, with average heights of 50 to 85 metres and diameters of six to eight metres. They also are among the oldest living organisms on earth, with certain trees believed to be over 3,000 years old.

此方案由Ko Jinhyeuk, Cheong Changwon, Cho Kyuhung and Choi Sunwoong设计，在2017 eVolo摩天大楼竞赛中获得荣誉奖。

设计团队解释道：“这个项目试图展示一种新的建筑手段来达到人与自然和谐共生的目的。”

“建筑隐蔽地建在中空的树干中，并不影响巨型杉树形成的令人窒息的宏伟景观。它将代替腐烂的树干成为杉树的人造器官。”

在树干的内部，一个结构内核在中心支撑整个体系并且在厚厚的树皮后用额外的网架形成外部支撑结构。一系列平台为教育、工作室、展览和观景平台提供相应的空间。

摩天大楼的水资源从地面采集，收集系统模仿了树木本身收集水分的方式。

The concept – envisioned by designers Ko Jinhyeuk, Cheong Changwon, Cho Kyuhung and Choi Sunwoong –received honourable mention in the 2017 eVolo skyscraper competition.
"This project attempts to show a new architectural approach to human coexistence with nature, in harmony with the nature's temporality," the team said.
"The architecture quietly takes place in the empty void of trunks, without hindering the breathtaking landscape formed by the giants. It then becomes active as an artificial organ to replace the trunks rotten away."
Inside the trees, a structural core would run up the centre and an additional lattice-like cage would form an outer casing behind the thick bark. A series of platforms would provide spaces for education, laboratories, exhibitions and observation decks.
Water would be drawn up from the ground using a system that mirrors the tree's natural collection method.

此概念设计希望能成为能阻止环境恶化的“解毒剂”。设计团队认为人类对地球资源的掠夺导致了自然灾害的增加。

“人类的欲望是无穷的，它无法与自然共存，”设计团队说“由于人类的掠夺，大自然在痛苦地哭泣，同时大自然似乎在用世界各地频现的自然灾害向人类反抗，但是却变得越来越虚弱。”

设计团队称森林砍伐是“对自然最致命的罪行之一”，也是自然灾害的主要原因。

“现在正是我们需要改变的时刻，我们应该停止为了一己私欲而剥削自然的行为，并开始学习如何在满足生存基本要求的前提下与自然互利互惠。”设计师说。

The conceptual design is meant to serve as an antidote to the worsening condition of the environment. Human's plundering of the earth's resources has led to a rise in natural disasters, the team said.
"The desire of human has been endless and it is incapable of coexisting with the nature," the team said. "Crying in agony, the nature seems to fight back with natural disasters all around the world, and it is increasingly visible that the earth is ever more sickened."
The team described deforestation as "one of the most deadly sins to nature", and also a leading cause of natural disasters.
"Now is the time that we need to change, to stop exploiting the nature for selfishness and to start learning how to supplement each other on living," the designers said.

选择巨杉不仅因为它们的高度和体积，更是因为它们的根系较浅，这意味着当根系开始腐烂时，巨型杉树是非常容易倾覆的。

“当树心——树的结构骨架——开始腐烂时，巨型红杉将会由于自身的重量而倒塌死亡。”设计团队说。

在树干内建造建筑物可以使树木继续站立。

“仅仅占据树干内的空白相对与人类生存所必须的空间来说是极为狭小的，”设计团队说道“但它不仅为人类，更是为了巨型红杉能够屹立不倒而加固其结构和修缮其外表。”

Giant sequoias were chosen not only for their height and volume, but also because their root system is relatively shallow — meaning that when they start to rot, they can easily fall down.
"When the heartwood – the structural backbone of the tree – starts to rot, the trees fall dead from their own weight," the team said.
Constructing buildings within the trunks would enable the trees to continue standing.
"Only occupied in the void is the minimal gesture necessary for the human stay," the team said. "It complements the structural reinforcement and features, not only for the humans but for the giants to stand."

巨型红杉被现代化“无情地毁灭”了，设计团队解释道，全球变暖加速了一些昆虫的繁殖，它们栖息在杉树上并且加速了杉树的死亡。虽然巨型杉树目前为止还并未受影响，根据耶鲁大学林业学院的研究，气候改变引发的病菌已经导致在北美洲西部的云杉与松树的大量死亡。

设计师们希望他们的设计能引起人们对树木所处困境的关注，并激发人们对自然的欣赏和尊重。

“这可能是一个宝贵的经验，”设计团队说，“设计能让世人感受到与城市林立的灰暗高楼完全不同的空间氛围，向世人展现出一个与巨型红杉森林美丽景观完美融合，互利共存的舒适空间。”

此方案是在今年eVolo摩天大楼竞赛中22个获得荣誉奖的作品之一，此竞赛邀请建筑师和设计师来设想未来的塔楼的形式。竞赛第一名是一个模块化农场塔楼，基地位于撒哈拉以南的非洲区域，由波兰设计师 Pawel Lipiński和Mateusz Frankowski设计。

The giant sequoias are being "mercilessly destroyed" by modernisation, the team said. Global warming has increased the breeding rates of insects that inhabit and kill trees. While giant sequoias have not yet been affected, climate-induced pathogens have killed spruce and pine trees in western North America, according to Yale's forestry school.
The designers hope their proposal will bring attention to the plight of the trees, and will inspire in people an appreciation and respect for nature.
"It may be a valuable experience for those to feel the synergy of the beautiful landscape of the giant sequoia forest fused with the amenity space, which is quite different from the grey building forest of cities," the team said.
The scheme was among 22 honourable mention in this year's eVolo skyscraper competition, which invites architects and designers to conceive futuristic towers. The first-place winner was a modular farm tower proposed for sites across sub-Saharan Africa, by Polish designers Pawel Lipiński and Mateusz Frankowski.


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