关于弗兰克•劳埃德•赖特的10条你不知道的事
10 Facts About Frank Lloyd Wright You Didn’t Know

由专筑网黎旭辰，李韧编译

在赖特一百五十周年纪念的前夕到纽约现代艺术博物馆的特展上看看建筑师有趣的生活

On the eve of the Wright’s sesquicentennial and a knockout exhibition at New York’s Museum of Modern Art, a look at the architect’s fascinating life


Photo: Tony Vaccaro/Hulton Archive/Getty Images

弗兰克•劳埃德•赖特（Frank Lloyd Wright）在其70年的职业生涯中获得了许多赞誉的同时也饱受争议。 赖特有三个妻子和八个孩子（七个亲生，一个被收养），他的这些家庭琐事花了他的大部分生活时间，虽然耸人听闻，但它并不是不真实的，标题如“赖特的浪漫故事结束了： 与日本建筑师合作的雕塑家获得赡养费”（纽约时报，1925年）或“发行担保书；建筑师的妻子力求重新进入他们的威斯康辛州家”（也是纽约时报，也是1925年），每一篇关于赖特私人生活的新闻报道似乎都引起了骚动。

长期以来，学者们一直试图将这些吸引人的个人故事与赖特工作的独特天赋联系起来，特别是20世纪时赖特在美国的家庭生活。但在这么多琐事当中，还有一些不为人知的的细节。 为了庆祝这位建筑大师即将到来的百年纪念，我们选择了十个鲜为人知的故事，为大家揭示这位建筑大师的迷人生活。

1. 赖特幼儿园的装饰作品是英国教堂
在他的自传中，赖特讨论了他的母亲曾经预言他将成为一位建筑师，因此他母亲用建筑物装饰他的幼儿园，以此来鼓励赖特。 她还为儿子购买了著名的Froebel礼品套装，并用于他的幼儿教育中。

2. 赖特在1909年放弃了一年的工作，和Mamah Borthwick Cheney私奔。
首先，1903年，Cheney和她的丈夫Edwin委托赖特在伊利诺伊州建立自己的橡树公园时，1909年，赖特和Cheney坠入爱河，并于1909年放弃了他们的配偶、孩子和生活（以及赖特的工作），搬迁到欧洲生活了一年，并于1911年来到Taliesin。这次私奔导致赖特和他的几个孩子长达几十年的关系疏远。

For all the praise Frank Lloyd Wright garnered in his 70-year career, the architect was equally a magnet for controversy in all its forms. With three wives and eight children (seven biological, one adopted), the architect spent much of his adult life racking up sensational, though not untrue, headlines like “SUIT ENDS WRIGHT ROMANCE; Sculptress Who Fled With Architect to Japan Obtains Alimony” (New York Times, 1925) or “ISSUE WARRANT FOR WRIGHT; Architect's Wife Seeks to Re-enter Their Wisconsin Home” (also New York Times, also 1925), each referring the personal tumult that seemed to follow the architect through much of his adult life.
Scholars have long been tempted to link these fascinating personal dramas to the singular genius of Wright’s work, particularly in how the architect would come to shape 20th-century home life in the U.S. But for all that’s common knowledge about Wright, there are a number of tantalizing details lying just below the surface. In honor of the architect’sforthcoming sesquicentennial, we picked ten little-known facts that offer a glimpse into the architect’s fascinating life.

1. Wright’s childhood nursery was decorated with engravings of English cathedrals.
In his autobiography, Wright discusses how his mother prophesied his future as an architect, decorating his nursery with buildings to encourage this development. She also famously purchased her son a Froebel Gifts block set, and used it heavily in his early childhood education.

2. Wright abandoned his practice for a year in 1909 to run away with Mamah Borthwick Cheney.
First connected when Cheney and her husband Edwin commissioned Wright to build their Oak Park, Illinois, home in 1903, the amorous couple abandoned their spouses, children, and lives (and Wright his practice) in 1909 to spend a year together in Europe before relocating to Taliesin in 1911. This elopement would estrange Wright from several of his children for decades to come.


Edwin Cheney的伊利诺伊州橡树园住宅/The Edwin Cheney house in Oak Park, IL.

3. 一个不满的仆人于1914年在赖特的Taliesin庄园进行了一次残酷的谋杀案，共七人遇难。
赖特于1914年在芝加哥开始建筑工作，而Taliesin庄园里的一个对赖特心怀不满的仆人在谋杀了住宅里的七人之后，将该房屋焚毁，遇难人员中包括赖特当时的妻子Mamah Borthwick Cheney。

4. 赖特强烈反对美国建筑师学会（AIA）。
赖特以鄙视其他建筑师而闻名于世，他拒绝加入AIA。 即使如此，该组织在1949年仍然授予其建筑师的最高奖章。

3. A disgruntled servant carried out a brutal seven-person murder at Wright’s Taliesin estate in 1914.
While Wright was away on business in Chicago, in 1914, a disgruntled servant at Taliesin set the structure’s living quarters on fire before murdering seven of the home’s residents, including Wright’s then-partner, Mamah Borthwick Cheney.

4. Wright was vehemently against the American Institute of Architects (AIA).
Wright was famous for his disdain for other architects, and refused to join the AIA. Even so, the organization awarded the architect its gold medal in 1949.


赖特和Olgivanna Lazovich Hinzenburg/Wright with Olgivanna Lazovich Hinzenburg.

5. 1926年，赖特因违反“Mann法案”而被捕，这一法案，州际之间贩卖运送妇女为娼是违法行为。
虽然他和第二任妻子Miriam Noel的离婚案还没为结束，但赖特于1926年与Olgivanna Lazovich Hinzenburg一起逃到了塔里艾森，他们相识于芝加哥的俄罗斯芭蕾舞剧。 这次控告在晚些时候落下帷幕，而这对恋人于1928年正式结婚。

6. 赖特涉足时装设计
据赖特传记作家大卫•汉克斯（David Hanks）介绍，赖特曾为他的妻子Olgivanna和女性客户设计了衣服，然而几乎没有留下设计资料。

5. In 1926, Wright was arrested in violation of the Mann Act, a stipulation that made it illegal for men to transport women across state lines for “immoral” purposes.
Though his divorce with second wife Miriam Noel was not yet final, Wright fled to Taliesin in 1926 with Olgivanna Lazovich Hinzenburg, whom he had met at a Russian ballet in Chicago. The charges would later be dropped, and the pair would be formally married in 1928.

6. Wright dabbled in fashion design.
According to Wright biographer David Hanks, the architect designed dresses for his wife Olgivanna and female clients, though little documentation exists around the designs.


赖特和学生们在东塔里艾森｜芝加哥历史博物馆/Wright with students at Taliesin East.｜Chicago History Museum

7. 理查德•诺特拉（Richard Neutra）曾经为赖特短暂的工作过。
奥地利裔美国人诺特拉在成为现代主义大师之前，曾经在赖特的事务所里和他的建筑师朋友鲁道夫•辛德勒（Rudolph Schindler）一起共事一段时间。

8. 赖特是日本艺术的杰出经销商。
在1959年赖特去世之前，他经营着日本木版画的销售事业。 据说在他的职业生涯中，这份销售事业比他的建筑事业赚得更多。

9. 这位建筑大师的儿子约翰•劳埃德•赖特（John Lloyd Wright）创建了美国玩具的著名品牌“Lincoln Logs”
赖特的第二任长子约翰•劳埃德（John Lloyd）跟随父亲在建筑事业上的脚步，但在1916年成立了公司，设计了建筑玩具Lincoln Logs。

7. Richard Neutra briefly worked for Wright.
The Austrian-American Neutra spent a brief stint at Wright’s practice with his friend, architect Rudolph Schindler, before ascending to modernist fame himself.

8. Wright was a prominent dealer in Japanese art.
Until his death in 1959, Wright managed a prosperous business dealing Japanese block prints. It’s been said that at times during his career, Wright earned more from this operation than his architectural practice.

9. The architect’s son John Lloyd Wright invented Lincoln Logs.
Wright’s second eldest son, John Lloyd, followed in his father’s footsteps to a career in architecture, inventing the still-prolific Lincoln Logs in 1916.


赖特站在古根海姆博物馆的模型旁边/Wright stands beside a model of the Guggenheim.

10. 赖特是早期的汽车使用者和终生汽车收藏家
据说在赖特的一生中，他拥有超过50辆汽车，他出生于汽车发明前二十年，因此这是一个令人惊讶的数字，他的最后一个项目纽约市古根海姆博物馆的设计也展现了他对汽车的热爱。

10. Wright was an early automobile adopter and a car collector his whole adult life.
Wright is said to have owned more than 50 cars in his adult life, a staggering number considering he was born two decades before the invention of the automobile. His love of cars informed the ramped design of his final project, the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.


出处：本文译自www.architecturaldigest.com/，转载请注明出处。