JARDÍN DE CACTUS/CÉSAR MANRIQUE

由专筑网缕夕，严越编译

PHOTOS BY ANDREA RIZZA GOLDSTEIN

Benetton研究基金会的科学委员会一致决定，将第28届国际卡洛·斯卡帕花园奖颁给位于兰萨罗特岛（Lanzarote）的仙人掌花园，这是一个独特的栽培采石场和火山口系统的一部分，体现了大自然与文化存在于岛上。

The Scientific Committee of the Fondazione Benetton Studi Ricerche has unanimously decided to dedicate the 28th edition of the International Carlo Scarpa Prize for Gardens to the Jardín de Cactus on Lanzarote, part of a unique system of cultivated quarries and crater embodying the fertile equilibrium between nature and culture existing on the island.



加那利群岛（Canary archipelago）的一部分，离非洲海岸130公里，第一个被欧洲人占领的岛屿，兰萨罗特岛（Lanzarote）令人惊奇是火山占地四分之一的土地面积，总计也只有846平方千米（岛上最长点只有58公里）。最近新的火山活动，岩浆流动，覆盖了更多地面，留下了一个没有生命的世界，并生产了二十五个新的火山。

许多火山爆发击中后 - 最近一次发生在18世纪，持续了六年 - 该岛的生态经历了很多次从零开始，为改变其极端条件 -土壤贫瘠，狂风，缺水 –促进新生植物的生长，并与其生活环境的有意识的链接。其植被质量（特别是葡萄园）和所覆盖的土地面积都证明了恢复的可能性，在显然不富饶的土地上生长。

美学上的概念和文化上的政策也保证了一定可能性。

Part of the Canary archipelago just 130 kilometers off the coast of Africa, and the first island to be encountered by anyone arriving from Europe, Lanzarote surprises us with its vast expanses of lava, which occupy a quarter of a land surface of only 846 square kilometre (the island measures barely 58 kilometres at its longest point). In fairly recent times a series of lava flows have advanced slowly on a broad front over its gently sloping ground, leaving behind a world devoid of life and producing twenty-five new volcanoes.
After being hit by numerous volcanic eruptions – the most recent one took place in the 18th century and lasted over six years – the island has succeeded in starting over many times, transforming its extreme conditions – poor soil, incessant winds, lack of water – into a stimulus for regeneration and using them to provide the tools to build a conscious link with its living environment. The quality of its cultivations – the vineyards in particular – and the land area covered attest to this resilient character and to the island’s capacity to develop inventive forms of co-existence with an apparently inhospitable territory.
A capacity also expressed through fascinating aesthetic concepts and inspirational cultural policies.







在20世纪，一个兰萨罗特岛出生的艺术家凯撒•曼里克（César Manrique，1919-1992）发现了这些地方的价值，引入工具和方案来发展社会和政治意识来改变原先贫穷和缺少吸引力的地方。 这位斗志昂扬的艺术家坚决抵制发展旅游业对岛屿的破坏，在20世纪60年代提出一种替代模型，以应对一系列关于景观保护与转型之间关系未解决的问题。 通过建造像曼里克仙人掌花园的地方，换一种方式，欣赏它的美丽。

In the 20th century, César Manrique (1919-1992), a Lanzarote-born artist, recognized the values of these places, introducing tools and practices capable of developing a social and political awareness of an environment previously considered poor and lacking in attractions. The contribution of this militant artist who fought against the exploitation of the island for tourism from the 1960s onwards by proposing an alternative model brings us face to face with a series of unresolved issues in the relationship between conservation and transformation in landscape. By building places like the Jardín de Cactus Manrique has shown us a path to follow. Together such places act like a manifesto for a different way of living on the island and for seeing its beauty through fresh eyes.



仙人掌花园位于岛的东北角附近的危地马拉村，于1990年3月17日开幕。花园被仙人掌（榕属榕树）种植园包围，位于一个废弃的采石场，这个采石场以前为当地农民提供农作物需要的火山灰，后来被废弃。一个同心的梯田拥有大量多肉植物，这是该岛与其他地理和文化环境的联系点，尤其是美洲大陆。采用意想不到的形式，使用古老的技术，改造岛屿表面的褶皱和凹陷：升起露台，在土壤上泼洒火山灰，种植防风林。

The Jardín de Cactus, located in the north-eastern corner of the island near the village of Guatiza, was inaugurated on 17th March 1990. Surrounded by a patchwork of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) plantations, the garden is situated in a disused picón quarry formerly providing local farmers with volcanic ash to scatter on their fields and later turned into a rubbish tip. Inside, a concentric system of terraces and settings nestles in the walls of the quarry, which hosts a spectacular collection of succulents that are the island’s point of contact with other geographic and cultural environments, and with the American continent in particular. Taking on unexpected fantastical forms, the project continues the process of transformation of the folds and hollows of the surface of the island, using the age-old techniques: raising terraces, spreading volcanic ash on the soil, and inventing forms of windbreak.





在这里，在团队合作中，曼里克的审美观点最先出现，知识的集体传播，手工技能和方法的推广不受意识形态或怀旧渴望的影响，更多是希望留下时间的印记，包括： 对乐趣的热爱和一个面向世界的有趣的视角。仙人掌花园集中于其空间与历史的所有特征（兰萨罗特岛的景观文化），为扩大新的关键方面和特点增大了吸引力。

Here Manrique’s aesthetic awareness emerges above all in the teamwork, collective transmission of knowledge, and the use and promotion of practices and manual skills motivated less by ideological or nostalgic yearnings for traditional landscapes than by the wish to leave a mark typical of his time, including a love of games and an amused gaze on the world. The cactus garden concentrates into its small space all the features of a history (that of Lanzarote’s landscape culture), extending an invitation to continue and renew its key aspects and characteristics.               



























地点：西班牙，兰萨罗特岛
设计师：César Manrique
年份：1990年
摄影：Andrea Rizza Goldstein

Location: Spain - Lanzarote
Designer: César Manrique
Project Year: 1990
Photos By Andrea Rizza Goldstein


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