Emerging Objects通过3D打印瓷砖建造多肉小屋
3D-printed tiles filled with succulents form cabin by Emerging Objects

由专筑网李韧，HYC编译

这座建筑的瓷砖由3D打印而成，其中种植着许多多肉植物，该项目曾经是为了解决海湾地区的住房短缺问题。

建筑位于加尼福尼亚州奥克兰，由Emerging Objects设计建造，这个当地的设计工作室的主要研究对象就是3D打印技术，该工作室由Virginia San Fratello和Ronald Rael与2012年共同创立，他们都毕业于哥伦比亚大学的建筑研究生。

Succulents and other small plants grow from the tiles that clad this 3D-printed shed, which was designed to offer a solution for the Bay Area's housing shortage.
Located in a backyard in Oakland, California, the Cabin of 3D Printed Curiosities was designed by Emerging Objects – a local studio focused on experimental uses of 3D printing. The practice was founded in 2012 by Virginia San Fratello and Ronald Rael, who both earned their graduate architecture degrees from Columbia University.

这座建筑的过大尺度的概念是来至于城市住房管理对装配住宅的宽松政策，它也是一座后院附属建筑，能够缓解密集市区的住房短缺问题。

建筑师说：“由于海湾地区的住房危机，奥克兰市政府放宽了对于二级住房单元以及庭院建筑的限制。这为Emerging Objects工作室创造了诸多可能，我们能够在宽松的政策条件下解决住房危机问题。”

The oversized shed was conceived in response to the city's loosening of rules about accessory dwellings – small backyard structures that can help ease housing shortages, particularly in dense, urban areas.
"Due to a housing emergency in the Bay Area, the Oakland City Council eased restrictions on the construction of secondary housing units, or backyard cottages," the studio said. "This has opened the door for Emerging Objects to use the relaxed codes to experiment toward addressing housing problems at a micro scale."

工作室因此还有机会将3D打印技术在真正的建筑中付诸实际。

项目团队说：“3D打印小屋将许多材料、软件、硬件设施综合起来，证明了制造业在防风，结构上的潜力。”

The project also provided an opportunity for the studio to deploy its 3D printing expertise at the scale of a building.
"The 3D-Printed Cabin brings many of our material, software and hardware experiments together to demonstrate the architectural potential of additive manufacturing on a weather-tight, structurally sound building," the team said.

建筑平面为长方形，面积为120平方英尺（约11平方米），整体为木制框架结构，立面运用了大约4500枚瓷砖。

在主立面中，工作室使用了种植瓷砖系统，该系统由不同材料制成的六边形瓷砖组成，这些材料由波特兰水泥、木材末，以及“Chardonnay”果渣，这种果渣是制酒葡萄剩下的工业副产物，由植物皮、茎叶、果肉混合而成。

Rectangular in plan, the gabled-roof building encompasses 120 square feet (11 square metres). Approximately 4,500 ceramic tiles were used to clad the cottage, which has a wooden balloon frame.
On the front facade, the studio used its Planter Tile system, which consists of hexagon-shaped tiles made of various materials. These include Portland cement, sawdust and "chardonnay" pomace" – the solid material left over after wine grapes are pressed for juice or oil. The substance consists of skins, stems and pulp.

瓷砖的图案共有6种，其中4种带有小型的凸出开口，在开口中可以用于种植多肉。奥克兰住宅中所种植的植物都非常适合该地区的气候条件。

建筑师说：“建筑的正立面塑造得像一盒巧克力，其中包含多个形态各异的花盆瓷砖，为多肉植物带来良好的生存环境，虽然这些植物在北加州本就就生长的很好。”

The tiles come in six different patterns, four of which have protrusions with little openings, giving the tile "the capacity to hold plant life". The Oakland dwelling features a range of tiny plants that are well-suited for the area's climate.
"The front facade has been described as a box of exquisite chocolates – comprising a number of Planter Tile shapes and materials to create a living wall of succulents, which naturally thrive in the northern California climate," the studio said.

建筑的侧立面、背立面，以及屋顶，都覆盖着无数3D打印瓷砖，这些瓷砖直接悬挂在原有的结构之上。这些立面正是由这种名为“Seed Stitch”的瓷砖组合而成，并且其表面的编制形态也是对这种“Seed Stitch”技术的模仿。

3D打印过程由项目团队手工操作，该团队使用了定制的G-代码，这是一种电脑控制（CNC）的编程语言。

The rear and side facades, along with the roof, are clad in a 3D-printed ceramic screen designed to be hung on an exterior or interior wall. The screen is composed of "Seed Stitch" ceramic tiles, so named because their surface emulates a knitting technique called the seed stitch.
By manipulating the conventional 3D-printing process, the team is able to create a screen with a handmade aesthetic. The team used customised G-code – a computer numerical control (CNC) programming language – to print the tiles.

在制作过程中，瓷砖“来回滚动”，这让打印机在粘土线上来来回回，这样来回的运动形成了不同尺寸的线圈，同时产生了“独一无二的机械肌理”。

“G-代码能够控制3D打印在每条粘土线上打印时的路径，让最终的效果看上去随机却有序。虽然所有瓷砖来源于同一个脚本文件，但每块瓷砖都有着独一无二的生产肌理。”

在建筑内部，设计团队设置了Chroma曲面墙体，这是由玉米制作而成的背光半透明生物塑料。除了一个日式床垫，室内的椅子、咖啡桌、装饰物件都由这种生物塑料通过3D打印制作而成。

到了夜晚，室内空间会被背光墙体后方的LED灯照亮，这让建筑看上去如同一座“抽象却智能的灯塔”，建筑的人工合成内部空间与外部的自然形态形成了对比。

During fabrication, the tiles "wave back and forth", which causes the printer to pull at the lines of clay. This pulling motion results in the formation of loops of varying sizes, producing a "distinct machine-made texture that is different every time".
"G-code is used to control each line of clay as it is 3D printed to create a loopy texture that looks like seeds scattered across the surface," the studio explained. "While all ceramic tiles are printed from the same file, each tile is intentionally unique as a product of fabrication."
Inside, the team installed its Chroma Curl Wall, which consists of back-lit translucent tiles made of bioplastic derived from corn. In addition to a futon, the room is fitted with chairs, a coffee table and decorative objects that were all 3D-printed using bioplastic.
At night, the interior is illuminated by LEDs that lie behind the walls, converting the cottage into a "beacon of light, in ways that are abstract and artificial". The synthetic aspects of the interior contrast with the natural materials adorning the front facade.

项目团队说：“3D打印小屋证明了3D打印技术也能制成精致的作品，它并非传说中那样粗制滥造。”

该项目也通过了附属建筑来展示了实验性住宅的可行性。

"The Cabin of 3D Printed Curiosities demonstrates that 3D printing can be beautiful, meaningful and well-crafted – not crude, fast and cheap," the team said.
The project also demonstrates how the accessory dwellings can provide opportunities for experimentation.

工作室表示“就像车库空间那样，后院建筑空间也许是全新生活方式的实验性平台，也可以对新技术、新材料进行测试。”

在美国的装配住宅项目还有很多，其中包括扩由Cover事务所设计的加利福尼亚后院工作室，该项目使用了计算机编程和预制构件，另外还有一座由加州大学洛杉矶分校建筑学院的学生设计的迷你住宅，学生们称呼为“BI (h)OME”。

摄影：Matthew Millman Photography

"Much like the garage maker-space, the backyard building space might become a platform where new ways of living are tested, new technologies can be invented and tested, and new materials can be discovered," the studio said.
Other accessory dwelling initiatives in America include a backyard studio in California by Cover, which was created using computer algorithms and prefabricated elements, and a micro dwelling by UCLA architecture students called the BI(h)OME.
Photography is by Matthew Millman Photography.

项目信息：
项目团队：Ronald Rael, Virginia San Fratello, Logman Arja, Hannah Cao, Sandy Curth, Barrak Darweesh, Yonghwan Kim, Daniel Komen, Cooper Rodgers, Alex Schofield, Phirak Suon,Kent Wilson
捐赠方：Ehren Tool, Danny Defelici at 3DPotter; Leonard Dodd at Erectorbot; Autodesk; The Bakar Fellows Program and Departments of Architecture and Art Practice at The University of California Berkeley; Alisa Nadolishny, Natalie Yu, Anthony Gianini and Sarah Rippee

Project credits:
Project team: Ronald Rael, Virginia San Fratello, Logman Arja, Hannah Cao, Sandy Curth, Barrak Darweesh, Yonghwan Kim, Daniel Komen, Cooper Rodgers, Alex Schofield, Phirak Suon and Kent Wilson
Contributors: Ehren Tool, Danny Defelici at 3DPotter; Leonard Dodd at Erectorbot; Autodesk; The Bakar Fellows Program and Departments of Architecture and Art Practice at The University of California Berkeley; Alisa Nadolishny, Natalie Yu, Anthony Gianini and Sarah Rippee


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