Hamza Oza设计的跟踪装置无需移动网络
Hamza Oza debuts tracking device for pilgrims that operates without a mobile network

由专筑网王帅，李韧编译

皇家艺术学院（Royal College of Art）创新设计工程专业学生Hamza Oza设计了一种云端系统，可以在朝圣期间帮助人们找到他们的亲人，并且不需要智能手机或电话信号。

该手环用于朝圣期间，这是一年一度的伊斯兰朝圣麦加之旅，所有穆斯林信徒们都必须在有生之年完成至少一次朝圣。

每年都有大批人完成朝圣之旅。根据Oza的调查，2017年有235万穆斯林信徒参加了朝圣活动，到2030年，这一数字预计会增长到800万。Oza说，如此大规模的人群运动会带来了诸多风险，比如踩踏和火灾。

该手环名为“Rehber”，在阿拉伯语中表示“指南”，Oza的设计为可穿戴弹性系统，类似于“Fitbit”手环，但它可以在不依赖智能手机或移动网络的状况下进行追踪。

Oza告诉Dezeen的记者说：“每个手环的使用范围视操作情况而定，约为1至5公里，它与云端智能仪表板协同工作，活动组织者可以由此来定位人员。”

Royal College of Art Innovation Design Engineering student Hamza Oza has created a cloud-based system that helps families locate their loved ones during Hajj without the need for a smartphone or phone signal.
The wearable bracelet device is designed for use during Hajj – the annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims must complete at least once in their lifetime provided they are physically, mentally and financially able to do so.
The pilgrimage is completed each year by large numbers of people. According to Oza, in 2017, 2.35 million Muslims undertook the pilgrimage with the number predicted to reach 8 million people per year by 2030. Oza says that this large movement of people presents many risks including trampling, stampedes and fires.
Called Rehber – a word that means guide in Arabic but is more commonly used in reference to tour guides – Oza's system features a wearable elastomer bracelet that resembles a Fitbit, but can be tracked by others using a supporting service that does not rely upon smartphones or mobile networks to operate.
"Each device has a range of 1 to 5 kilometres, depending on operating conditions, that works in tandem with a cloud-based dashboard that can be accessed by event organisers to locate people," Oza told Dezeen.

Oza继续讲到：“因此，传统的蓝牙或wifi等设备的辐射范围只有100米，相比，用Rehber的定位成本要低得多。”

Oza说：“该系统针对国际朝圣者，因为他们迷路的概率更大。”

Oza解释说：“它的主要优势是无需使用移动网络，更不需要绑定在智能手机上，从而操作更简便。”

“如果朝圣者即使走失也能立刻被定位，这让他们得到了更安全的朝觐体验和心灵平静。”

该设备并不需要屏幕，Oza说：“电力需求越高，电池寿命就越短。多数情况下它只需要几个图标，而一块完整的屏幕完全没有意义。”

"The infrastructure cost in using Rehber to locate a retrieve lost pilgrims is therefore much less in comparison to what it would be using traditional methods such as Bluetooth or WiFi, where each device would only have a range of up to 100 metres," continued Oza.
The system is aimed at international pilgrims who Oza says are more likely to get lost, such as children or the elderly.
"The key advantage is that it does not use mobile networks or need to be tethered to a smartphone making it easy for the target demographics to operate," explained Oza.
"Pilgrims are afforded a safer Hajj experience and peace of mind that their loved ones can be found, should they get separated."
For most applications, Oza said the device would not have a screen. "The power requirements are too high and would consume battery life too quickly," he said. "Most scenarios will only ever need a couple of icons and having a full blown screen just doesn't make sense."

该装置使用了塑料面板，下面的LED设备在需要时就会发光，Oza说这一设计灵感来源于电动牙刷。

Oza谈到，虽然该系统的设计专为朝圣者服务，但它也适用于其他活动，如每年有2000万人聚集在伊拉克的Arba'een，另外，诸如英国格拉斯顿伯里音乐节（Glastonbury festival）或一级方程式锦标赛（Formula 1）等场合也同样适用，在这些场合，与会者都密集地分布在固定的区域。

Oza说，弹性体手环易于制造且成本低廉，同时与人体皮肤互相适应，损坏后，它们重新回收利用，比传统硅胶更具可持续性。

Oza还对未来如何开发该设备进行了渲染。混合设计展示了如何将该设备嵌入到手表中，在朝圣过程中，它还可以帮助人们定位或辨别祈祷方向。

Instead, the basic device uses masked plastic with an LED shining through it when needed – a design feature that Oza said was inspired by an electric toothbrush.
Although designed for use during Hajj, Oza says the system has applications for other pilgrimages including Arba'een in Iraq where up to 20 million people gather each year, or smaller events such as Glastonbury festival in the UK or Formula 1 – where attendees are densely spread over a fixed area.
Oza says that the device's elastomer straps are easy to manufacture and low cost, while being biocompatible with sweat and skin. They can also be reused at the end of their life making them more sustainable than traditional silicone.
Oza has also creeated a rendering of how the device could be developed in the future. The hybrid design shows how the device could be embedded into a watch where the hands of the watch provide a user interface that could help to locate people or inidicate the direction of prayer during the pilgrimage.

Oza说：“它可以加入监测健康数据，当人们需要紧急救援时可以迅速反应。考虑到当前的电子发展水平，我认为在五到七年间这些功能就可以实现。”

“除了定位之外，Rehber这个词还有更深层次的含义，它意味着在困难时期，从身体、精神和情感上以积极的方式帮助人们，为人们指引方向，提供智慧。”

Oza总结道：“Rehber在阿拉伯语、乌尔都语、佩里桑语和土耳其语中也是同一个词，尽管发音略有不同。但它能够表达我的使用目的。”

Rehber在皇家艺术学院展出，也是学位作品的展览。其他展出的项目还有Marcus Kung设计的无螺旋桨无人机，其目的是减少意外伤害，此外还有Zhekai Zhang用织物模具制作的陶瓷收藏品。

"Other functionalities could also include monitoring health data and alerting first responders should people need urgent assistance. Given current electronic trajectories, I think that its five to seven years away," added Oza.
"As well as meaning guide, the word Rehber has a deeper meaning: it means to help navigate or provide wisdom to someone through a tough time, physically, mentally and/or emotionally in a positive way."
It's also the same word in Arabic, Urdu, Perisan and Turkish, albeit with slightly different pronunciations. It really captures what I want to achieve with my device and the purpose it can serve to people using it," concluded Oza.
Rehber was on display at the Royal College of Art as part of their annual degree show. Other projects on show included Marcus Kung's drone that can fly without propellers with the aim of reducing injuries and Zhekai Zhang's ceramics collection made using fabric moulds.