Peter Zumthor completes Devon countryside villa "in the tradition of Andrea Palladio"
由专筑网缕夕，王帅编译
瑞士建筑师彼得·卒姆托（Peter Zumthor）完成了一幢度假别墅的设计，该别墅名为Secular Retreat，设计师采用安德烈亚·帕拉第奥的手法，更多关注了场地周围的风景。
这座房子前前后后建造了十余年，这是卒姆托在英国的第一座永久性建筑。别墅位于英格兰南德文郡的山顶上，周围环绕乡村景色。
卒姆托设计的房屋使用了手工夯实的混凝土建造，这种技术在墙内外都留下纹理。
材料的厚度由大而深的窗口决定，旨在充分利用周边的环境。
Swiss architect Peter Zumthor has completed his Secular Retreat – a Living Architecture holiday home designed to celebrate the landscape like the villas of his hero, Andrea Palladio.
The house, which has been more than 10 years in the making, is Zumthor's first permanent building in the UK. It is located on a hilltop in South Devon, England, where it commands an impressive view of the surrounding countryside.
Zumthor designed the house to be built from concrete rammed by hand – a technique that gives stripes to the walls, both inside and out.
The thickness of this material is revealed by the large, deep window openings, designed to take full advantage of the setting.
卒姆托在参观建筑时说道：“我想说的是我借鉴了安德烈·帕拉迪奥的手法来建造这座住宅。”
“我不想将自己与这位文艺复兴时期的建筑师进行比较，他一直是我的偶像，他所做的只是为夏季建造别墅。”
卒姆托说他想要模仿帕拉迪奥的“出乎意料的材料，以及空间、光影的美丽”。
他说：“我认为如果能建造一座能够让内心丰盈，而不是压迫的建筑，那将非常美妙。”
"I would like to say I'm building here in the tradition of Andreo Palladio," said Zumthor during a tour of the building.
"I don't want to compare myself with this Renaissance architect, who has always been a favourite of mine, but what he did was build villas for the summertime."
Zumthor said his aim was to emulate "the incredible presence of materials, and the beautiful command of space, light and shadow" of Palladio's designs.
"I think it is beautiful if you can make a strong building that helps you, not which oppresses you," he said.
该别墅是卒姆托为Living Architecture建造的第七栋房屋，Living Architecture物业租赁公司由作家Alain de Botton设立的，他们主要提供租赁由著名建筑师设计的建筑。
这栋别墅实际上是最先委托的项目之一。但是，它比其他作品耗费了更多时间，其他的作品还有MVRDV的平衡谷仓，John Pawson的生活屋和FAT和Grayson Perry的艾塞克斯之家。
Secular Retreat is the seventh house built for Living Architecture, a property rental company set up by writer Alain de Botton to offer people the opportunity to rent a house designed by a renowned architect.
It was actually one of the first to be commissioned. But it took far longer to be completed than any of the others, which include MVRDV's Balancing Barn, John Pawson's Life Houseand A House for Essex by FAT and Grayson Perry.
施工耗时之久的一个原因是为提高建筑物的细节和工艺水平。
夯实的混凝土墙必须分层创建——每条线都标志着一天的工作，而石灰石地板则采用定制模式，它精确地适应了来自采石场的每块石板。破碎的板坯都会返工重制。
卒姆托告诉Dezeen记者：“我希望创作原创作品，我的工作是我的工作，这不是合作者的工作。我不是连锁品牌，但我在制作原创作品。”
One reason for the long delay is the level of detail and craftsmanship that went into the building.
The rammed concrete walls had to be created in layers – each line marks a day's work – while the limestone floors were designed in a bespoke pattern, tailored exactly to suit the dimensions of every slab that came from the quarry. Every broken slab resulted in a rework.
"I have this concept – I produce originals," Zumthor told Dezeen. "My work is always my work, it is not the work of my collaborators. I am not a trademark, I always produce an original."
别墅只有单层高度，其布局也非常简单。一边包含两个卧室，另一边包含三个卧室，每个卧室都有自己的浴室。
别墅中间是一片宽敞的生活空间，定制的厨房，围绕着壁炉的休息区，还有几个安静的休息区，客人可以在这里享受阅读或音乐。
The layout of the house is very simple, all organised on one storey. There are two wings – one containing two bedrooms, the other containing three – and each bedroom has its own en-suite bathroom.
Where the two wings meet is a generous living space, including a bespoke kitchen, a lounge area surrounding a fireplace, plus a couple of quiet seating areas where occupants can enjoy solitary activities like reading or listening to music.
几乎所有的家具设计都出自卒姆托之手，包括木制餐桌、紫色织物、驼色皮革座椅，以及卧室内的小粉红色凳子。
别墅顶部的混凝土屋顶似乎悬停在混凝土柱的正上方，它由内部隐藏的钢结构支撑。木制模板将屋顶表面的混凝土染色，起初，卒姆托最讨厌这种效果，但现在已成为他的最爱。
卒姆托说：“大屋顶下有一个中央公共空间，五间卧室，且每个卧室都有自己的浴室。”。“所以它就像一个酒店，在这里，人们住在一起，一起做饭，一起娱乐。”
Almost all of the furniture was designed by Zumthor, including the wooden dining table, seating upholstered in purple fabric and camel-hued leather, and the small pink stools in the bedrooms.
Overhead, the concrete roof sits appears to hover just above the concrete columns, raised by a concealed steel structure within. Its surface is coloured by the wooden formwork that the concrete was cast against – an effect that Zumthor said he hated initially, but has grown to love.
"You have a central communal space under a big roof, and you have five bedrooms each with their own bath," said the architect. "So in the back it is like a hotel, and here it's all together, you cook, you do everything together."
卒姆托的工作室规模很小，他拒绝开发商给他更多的佣金。他很少建造独栋房屋，他以前的大多数项目都是公共建筑，如瑞士的Therme Vals水疗中心，挪威的锌矿博物馆和德国的克劳斯兄弟教堂。
他无法抗拒在这个场地上设计别墅的机会。他说：“在这里建造一座漂亮的房子很容易。”
Zumthor famously keeps his studio small and turns down many commissions offered to him. He rarely builds single houses – most of his previous projects are public buildings, such as the Therme Vals spa in Switzerland, the Zinc Mine Museum in Norway and the Brother Klaus Field Chapel in Germany.
He said he couldn't resist this opportunity to build on this site. "It's easy to build a nice house here," he said.
建筑位于20世纪40年代拆毁建筑的现场。旧建筑的一些细节仍然存在——厨房外的六角形庭院，以及现在20米高的蒙特利松树。
但卒姆托说他设计的房子将比“前辈”更好地适应场地：“这座建筑可以看到场地美丽的风景，但旧建筑不能。”
The building sits on the site of a demolished house from the 1940s. A few details from the old property remain – a hexagonal patio beyond the kitchen, and a set of Monterey pine trees that are now 20 metres tall.
But Zumthor claims his house will age much better than its predecessor: "This building frames view and celebrates the place, the old building did not."
这栋别墅将在今年下半年开始提供短期租赁服务。
建筑师也希望说服Living Architecture将Secular Retreat别墅改名为Chivelstone住宅。他说：“我更喜欢它叫Chivelstone住宅！”
照片来源：Jack Hobhouse
The house will be available for short-term lets later this year.
The architect is also hoping to convince Living Architecture to change the name, from Secular Retreat to Chivelstone House. "I would prefer it!" he said.
Photography is by Jack Hobhouse.
项目信息：
建筑师：Atelier Peter Zumthor
项目团队：Peter Zumthor，Rainer Weitschies，Pascal Berchtold，Tom Tsapkov，Anna Page
执行建筑师（第1阶段）：Mole Architects
当地建筑顾问（概念阶段）：David Sheppard Architects
施工管理：Simon Cannon
结构工程师：Jane Wernick Associates
质量检验师：KM Dimensions
环境设计工程师：Transsolar and Integration UK
景观设计和顾问：Rathbone Partnership
Project credits:
Architect: Atelier Peter Zumthor
Project team: Peter Zumthor, Rainer Weitschies, Pascal Berchtold, Tom Tsapkov, Anna Page
Executive architect (phase 1): Mole Architects
Local architectural advisor (concept phase): David Sheppard Architects
Construction management: Simon Cannon
Structural engineer: Jane Wernick Associates
Quantity surveyor: KM Dimensions
Environmental design engineers: Transsolar and Integration UK
Landscape design and consultant: The Rathbone Partnership
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