An Urban Forest for Shanghai

由专筑网孙佳，王帅编译

全球的城市正处在前所未有的转变之中，因为相比于任何时候，现在越来越多的人选择住在城市。城市人口的发展需要更多的房子、交通和公共服务来支持，但是这对空气、水的质量和居民的自然环境会带来负面的影响。此外，气候变化带来了新的问题，像是城市热污染和海平面上升等，这需要更多有创造力的规划者来保证城市区域的宜居性。因此，世界各地的城市都在为公共绿地和规模惊人的海滨区域进行投资，因为这些亲人的场地慢慢变成城市宜居的需求。

国际设计工作室HASSELL针对这个新的现实关注点设计了一些场地，这些场地受到人们的喜爱，同时也满足现今的需求。从悉尼情人港到南旧金山的Colma Creek，他们在滨水区域的专业设计很是脱出。最近，HASSELL因为他们对上海黄浦江滨海区域的设计获得了国际建筑大奖。

在上海，黄浦江周围有渡轮码头、商业建筑、水泥工厂和建筑工地。HASSELL提议沿着黄浦江东岸创建世界上最大的城市森林，重新连接居民和滨海的联系，提高城市的宜居性，这一概念设计赢得了国际建筑大奖。

HASSELL的负责人理查德·穆莱恩（Richard Mullane），作为黄埔项目的负责人和现在旧金山工作室的负责人，他说：“我们已经认识到城市和它周围的环境是不断变化的，我们问自己：今天我们如何设计一个对于未来还是可以使用的滨海景观？通过设计的灵活性，特殊的适应，我们可以确保无论上海如何变化，居民都会有亲近自然、休闲空间。”

设计作为国际竞赛的一部分完成后，由上海政府重新构思和设计沿江边缘的21公里。

Global cities are in the midst of an unprecedented shift as more people are choosing to live in urban areas than ever before. More housing, transportation, and public services are needed to support cities’ growing populations, which can have negative impacts on air and water quality, and residents’ access to natural environments. In addition, climate change is creating new realities like urban hot spots and rising sea levels, demanding more creativity out of planners who must make sure urban areas are livable. In response, cities around the world are investing in public green spaces and waterfronts on impressive scales, as easy access to these spaces is becoming a requirement of urban livability.
International design studio HASSELL has made this new reality a primary focus, designing some of the world’s most loved places that also meet the needs of today. From Sydney’s Darling Harbour, to South San Francisco’s Colma Creek, their expertise in waterfront design stands out. Most recently, HASSELL was awarded an International Architecture Award for their approach to Shanghai’s Huangpu River waterfront.
In Shanghai, the Huangpu River is lined with ferry docks, commercial buildings, a cement plant, and construction sites. To reconnect residents to the waterfront and improve urban livability, HASSELL proposed creating the world’s largest urban forest along the east bank of the Huangpu River, winning the International Architecture Award for their concept.
HASSELL Principal Richard Mullane, who led the Huangpu project and now serves as a principal in the practice’s San Francisco studio said, “Understanding that cities and their surrounding environments are constantly changing, we asked ourselves: How can we plan a waterfront today that future generations will still be able to use? By designing flexible, adaptive features we could ensure that no matter how Shanghai changes, residents will always have access to the natural, recreational spaces they need.”
The design was completed as part of an international competition held by the Shanghai government to reimagine and redesign 21 kilometers along the river’s edge.


Image: HASSELL

黄埔东岸的城市森林，一个由HASSEL提出的理念，连续二百万棵树木的森林，由上海的二百万的儿童来种植。据估计，该项目将需要20年才能完成，HASSELL指出孩子们将随着森林一同增长，当他们成年时，项目也进入到收尾期。

给上海的年轻人一种归属感超越了他们的城市和项目本身，HASSELL希望社区的人们可以成为空间的创造者。他们的建议包括一系列植树活动，允许当地的学校参与创建和保管森林的工作。该计划还包含一系列多功能项目空间，以便社区举办各种各样的文化活动。

具体来说，城市森林将包含许多不同的目的，从大型的、戏剧性的活动空间，到体育设施，户外教室，图书馆，和咖啡馆。高架步行循环系统将有助于克服沿着滨海区域的工厂和交通障碍，那些之前限制公共访问的区域。

‘Huangpu East Bank Urban Forest,’ a HASSEL concept, detailed a continuous woodland of two million trees – one tree planted for each of Shanghai’s two million children. While it is estimated that the project would take 20 years to complete, HASSELL noted that the children represented by the forest would grow with it, coming of age at the same time of the project’s completion.
To give Shanghai’s young population a sense of ownership over their city and the project, HASSELL envisioned people in the community as the creators of the space. Their proposal features a series of tree planting events, allowing local schools to participate in the creation and custodianship of the forest. The plan also contains a series of multi-functional event spaces, so that the community could host a wide variety of cultural gatherings.
Specifically, the urban forest would contain a multitude of different destinations, ranging from large, dramatic event spaces, to sporting facilities for locals, outdoor classrooms, libraries, and cafés. A system of elevated walking loops would help overcome industrial and transportation barriers along the waterfront that had previously restricted public access.


Image: HASSELL

理查德说：“确保当前和后代的居民可以享受滨海区域，我们觉得我们需要一个可以适应不断发展的社会需求的设计。虽然我们可以设计景观，但社区最终会带来生活空间，所以它必须能够容纳各种各样的文化活动”。

这种设计方法正在世界范围内开展。在旧金山海湾地区，弹性设计在设计竞赛中用一种类似的以社区为基础的方法，HASSELL也参加了。为期一年的项目结合了居民、政府官员、当地的、国内的和国外的专家的意见，提出了以社区为基本的，对整个海湾社区有威胁的海平面上升，严重的风暴、洪水和地震等问题的解决方案。

旧金山南部之前被称为海湾地区的“工业城市”，当地居民可以步行穿过附近的Colma Creek，在旧金山湾游泳。然而，工业限制了人们接近海岸线，气候变化导致了海平面的上升，造成了大面积的破坏性洪水。

HASSELL的国际团队通过社区参与、研究和一个包容性设计过程，制定了一系列方法来加强旧金山南部城市远离气候变化的影响。最后他们建议恢复滨海区域的公共通道，建立更多的绿色空间和公园，沿着Colma Creek创建连续的公共通道。HASSELL的南部城市弹性设计解决社区在未来几十年会面临的气候变化的影响。

HASSELL南部城市弹性设计的负责人理查德建议说：“我们从当地居民那里听说，他们真的觉得他们与水的历史性连接消失了，在未来海平面上升甚至会威胁道路的畅通，我们知道我们的设计必须是多功能的，连接人们和自然，并解决未来的环境变化。”


为了达到这个双重目的，HASSELL的设计包括：

• 更广泛、更环保的小溪可以管理洪水，并为两侧的一系列新公园创造更好的条件。
  

“To make sure current and future generations of residents could enjoy the waterfront, we felt that we needed a design that could adapt to the ever-evolving needs of an expanding society. While we can design the landscape, the community will ultimately bring the space to life, so it must be able to accommodate a variety of cultural activities,” said Richard.
This design approach is taking hold worldwide. In the San Francisco Bay Area, Resilient by Design used a similar community-based approach for a design challenge, in which HASSELL also participated. The year-long program combined the expertise and experience of residents, public officials and local, national and international experts to come up with community-based solutions to the sea level rise, severe storms, flooding and earthquakes that threaten communities throughout the Bay Area.
Before it became known as the Bay Area’s ‘industrial city’, the residents of South San Francisco could walk the length of nearby Colma Creek and swim in the San Francisco Bay. However, industry limits access to the shoreline and sea level rise fueled by climate change causes widespread and damaging flooding.
Through community engagement, research, and an inclusive design process, HASSELL’s international collective mapped out a range of ways to strengthen the city of South San Francisco from the effects of climate change. The final proposal restores public access to the waterfront, establishes more open green spaces and parks, and creates continuous public access along Colma Creek. HASSELL’s Resilient South City plan addressed the impacts of climate change that the community will face in the coming decades.
Richard, who also lead HASSELL’s Resilient South City proposal said, “We heard from local residents that they really felt that their historic connection to the water was lost, and with sea level rise threatening to restrict access even further, we knew our design had to be multi-purpose, to both connect people to nature and address future environmental changes.”

To achieve this dual purpose, HASSELL’s design included:

• A wider, greener creek that would manage flooding and create the right conditions for a sequence of new parks on either side.
  

Image: HASSELL

• 在城市和火车站附近的一个新的南部的环形桥可以作为步行和骑行通道让人们停靠，桥下的一个本地苗圃可以帮助控制洪水和处理附近高速公路的径流，提高流入小溪和海湾的水质。
  

• A new South City Circle Bridge that would serve as a walking and cycling gateway between the city and the train stop nearby, and a native plant nursery just below the bridge to help control flooding and treat runoff from the nearby highway, improving the quality of water flowing into the creek and Bay.
  

Image: HASSELL

• “eco水上公园”的改造，自然水生植物，不仅提高了水质，而且成为一种教学工具和社区自然海岸线休闲游泳池。
  

世界各地的城市都在投资公共绿色空间，他们的寿命是由他们的适应性和多功能性的能力决定的。在上海，一个滨海区域不仅仅是人们散步的地方，更是一系列的大小文化活动场所的聚集地。在南旧金山，公园不仅是一个玩乐和享受自然的场所，更是管理洪水和改善水质的地方。通过聆听当地社区内心的声音，设计师和建筑师就可以设计出永续使用的空间。

• And an ‘eco waterpark’ at a revamped, natural water plant, which would not only improve water quality but also become a teaching tool and natural shoreline swimming pool for the community to enjoy.
  

Cities around the world are investing in public green spaces and their longevity is determined by their ability to be adaptable and serve a multitude of purposes. In Shanghai, a waterfront is not just a walking path, but a series of cultural event venues for gatherings large and small. In South San Francisco, a park isn’t just a place to play and enjoy nature, but a way to manage flooding and improve water quality. By listening to the needs of the local communities, designers and architects are creating spaces that can be enjoyed by the generations of today and tomorrow.