宜家定制共享住房
Space10 and EFFEKT develop subscription housing where you share with your neighbours

由专筑网小R，王雪纯编译

宜家研究实验室Space10与建筑事务所EFFEKT共同合作，进行“城市乡村”项目，该项目以定制住房为基础，将来自不同年代背景的人们聚集在一起，打造共享社区。

Space10与 EFFEKT工作室都位于哥本哈根，两方都致力于开发面向大众的公共设施产品。

其中有日托、交通体系、当地水资源收集系统、公共餐厅、城市农场项目等等。

IKEA's research lab Space10 has teamed up with architecture studio EFFEKT on The Urban Village Project, a vision for subscription-based housing that brings together people of different generations and encourages them to share facilities.
Both based in Copenhagen, Space10 and EFFEKT have developed a number of policies to move towards more communal living, or co-living.
These include shared daycare and transport, local water harvesting, communal dining and urban farming initiatives.


“城市乡村”是可持续住宅社区项目／The Urban Village Project is a vision for a sustainable housing community

使用者可以按月支付房租，因此不需要购买整套房源，而是可以一点一点地增加房屋所有权，在日后也可以将这些费用进行兑现。

建筑师们同样建议社区的成员们可以根据家庭需求的变化来交换住所。

经济适用房

“城市乡村”项目在今年宜家一年一度的“民主设计日”上发表，本次设计日会在公司瑞典总部进行。

该项目以Space10工作室对于共享空间的研究为基础——比如该工作室提出的能够自给自足的SolarVille村落项目研究，并结合EFFEKT工作室ReGen村落项目的各项优势研发而成，这个村落项目有着集成温室住宅社区。

Rather than owning their homes outright, residents could have the option of buying "shares" of community real estate each month, progressively increasing ownership with the potential to cash these in at a later date.
The designers also suggest that members of a community could swap apartments between them as family needs change.

More affordable homes
The Urban Village Project is being presented today as part of this year's Democratic Design Days, IKEA's annual conference, which takes place at the company's headquarters in Älmhult, Sweden.
It builds on Space10's research into the benefits of co-living, which also led the studio to propose the self-sustaining SolarVille village. It also draws on the expertise developed by EFFEKT with its ReGen Villages project, which featured a community of homes with integrated greenhouses.


定制住房模式能够让不同背景年代的人们共同生活／The subscription-based housing model would provide multi-generational co-living

该设计方案围绕着三个核心要点，即更加宜居、更加可持续、更加经济的社区。

项目解决了经济适用房、住房建设与购买等问题，其基本目标是让住房更加经济。

The proposal is built around three central ideas: that cities should be more liveable, more sustainable and more affordable.
It addresses the problem of affordable housing both in terms of the building of homes and the buying of homes, with the fundamental goal of cheaper housing.


通过购买股份，居住者能够逐步变为房屋所有者／Residents could gradually become homeowners, by purchasing shares

项目的施工资金来源于客户的投资，其中包括养老基金、未来公司与政府等等。这种资金模式能够通过社区土地信托与合作的民主原则而得到进一步提升。

居住者能够在需要的时候购买股份，然后一步一步地成为房屋所有者。同时，房屋的购买也不需要提前预付，租金也较低。

基本的租赁包含水电、暖气、维修，以及共享设施。

Finance for construction would come from partnering with long-term investments, such as pension funds, future-oriented companies and municipalities. This financial model could be further enhanced with the democratic principles of community land trusts and co-operatives.
Residents could gradually become homeowners, by purchasing shares as and when they are able. There would be no need for expensive upfront payments to purchase a home and rents would remain low.
Basic rent would cover electricity, water, heating, maintenance and shared facilities.


共享设施有交通、餐厅、工作区、日间看护／Shared facilities would include transport, dining, workspaces and daycare

居住者还能够选择诸如房屋、媒体、保险、交通、娱乐等等额外的设施，其选择方式就如同人们平时定制服务一样自行选择。

这些服务能够通过数字设备来进行管理。

模块化交叉层压木材住宅

项目住房应用了交叉层压木材单元，这种标准化单元模块有着巨大的环境优势，并且性价比比钢筋与混凝土更高。

Residents could also choose to add on additional services, such as food, media, insurance, transport or recreation, through flexible subscription services, in much the same way that we subscribe to entertainment services or a car.
These services would be managed and accessed through a digital tool.

Modular cross-laminated timber housing
Housing for the project would be built from cross-laminated timber – "a wood that comes with huge environmental advantages and outperforms steel and concrete on multiple levels" – in standardised modular units.


居住者能够通过灵活的定制策略选择诸如食品、媒体等服务／Residents could add on services, such as food or media, through flexible subscriptions

该模块化体系可以经过预制、批量生产，同时扁平化包装，在施工期间减少二氧化碳的释放，同时降低开销与环境影响。

这也使得这种住房能够轻易地组装与拆卸。

EFFEKT工作室合伙人Sinus Lynge说：“‘城市乡村’项目以模块化建筑系统为基础，让建筑师能够依据不同的城市背景而设计不同的住宅模式。”

“这种系统便于拆卸，易于安装，能够构成真正意义上的回收材料，其中的建筑设施能够重复地使用与更换。这会大大改善建筑业的传统习惯。”

This modular system could be pre-fabricated, mass-produced and flat-packed, to reduce costs and environmental impact, by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide emitted during construction.
This would also allow building materials to be disassembled and reconfigured with ease.
"Urban Villages is based on a modular building system which allows us to configure a wide range of different housing typologies for different urban settings," said EFFEKT partner Sinus Lynge.
"The system is designed for disassembly, unlocking a truly circular material loop where building components and materials can be reused and replaced rather than wasted. This could be a game changer for the building industry."


各项服务能够通过数字设备进行管理与操作／Services would be managed and accessed through a digital tool

居住者可以根据需求进行空间的布局，并且替换需要维修的元素。这种模式更加灵活且宜居，并且朝着建筑舒适生活与方便管理的方向循环发展。

社区感与幸福感

这种设计方式不仅仅效率更高，而且能够提升居住者的健康状况与幸福感，提升社区意识。

生活于社区的居住者还能够和不同年龄层次的人们共享生活。

Residents could simply rearrange the accommodation as required, replacing any elements of the module that need repair. This allows for flexible and adaptable living, and moves towards a circular approach to living space and management of buildings.

Sense of community and wellbeing
As well as being more efficient, the proposals are intended to boost the health and wellbeing of inhabitants and foster a stronger sense of community.
Residents would be able to stay in their communities even if they outgrow their homes, which allows for cross-generational living.


这种社区逐步在欧洲、亚洲、南美地区发展／Visuals show how communities could slot into existing cities in Europe, Asia and South America

Space10工作室的建筑负责人Jamiee Williams说：“很显然，除非人们重新构建周围环境，否则城市会变得越来越脆弱，社会的公平性也会降低，住房发展也会愈发不经济。”

“对于我们而言，共享生活能够解决这些潜在的城市挑战。‘城市乡村’项目让我们更加了解对于幸福感与空间的塑造，同时将人们的居住空间变得更加健康快乐，也为他们带来更高效、经济的设施。”

"It is clear that unless we rethink our built environment, our cities will become increasingly unsustainable, unaffordable and socially unequal," said architectural lead at Space10, Jamiee Williams.
"For us, shared living can offer potential solutions to some of these urgent challenges. The Urban Village Project looks at how we can create new realities that promote a sense of wellbeing and turn the spaces we inhabit into healthier and happier places, all while being more affordable and efficient for those that live there."


建筑结构由标准交叉层压木材模块单元组合而成／Structure would be built from cross-laminated timber in standardised modular units

通过堆肥、可再生能源、当地食物种植等服务，居住者能够进行友好地交易，同时共同分享相应的设备。

居住者可以应用数字设备或应用程序而构成线上社区，来提升现实生活中的各项指标，还能够通过网络进行定制服务设施。

总体来说，Space10工作室认为这些举措都能够让城市更加可持续，也更加幸福。

By sharing access to services such as composting, renewable energy and local food harvesting, residents could also access better deals, as well as sharing drills or other devices that they want to use on a one-off basis.
A digital tool or app would allow residents to form online communities to nurture their real-life versions and connect to their subscriptions, services and facilities.
When implemented together, Space10 believes that these initiatives could make city life more affordable and fulfilling.