重回黑暗：黑色立面——闪耀的玛瑙宝石
Back to Black: 6 Onyx Façades That Prove Architects Shouldn’t Be Afraid of the Dark

由专筑网Martijn，小R编译

色彩心理学是一个现实和虚构相互交织、尚未探索且无形的学科。 我们对颜色的感知来源于感官，因此唤起了既具有象征性、联想性又具有情感性的感觉。 虽然个人喜好可能很主观，但我们对色彩的特殊感受仍然受文化条件制约。 比如在西方，历史上白色常与纯洁和干净联系在一起，而黑色通常代表死亡，并在哀悼中穿着。 另一方面，在东方，历史上的情况恰恰相反。 但是在过去的半个世纪中，现代文化一次又一次地重申，黑色是永恒的裁缝色调，是冷酷的缩影。 更重要的是在其灰度级上有如此众多令人着迷的漆黑选择，许多黑色的渐变色仍未得到充分重视，尤其是在建筑层面上尚待进一步探索。

对于建筑师而言，色彩在同等程度上既是客观的又是主观的。 这对于内部空间和外部表达都适用。 对于后者，色相是立面设计中的重要元素，它可以影响人们在踏入室内之前对空间的看法。 从这个方面上讲，尽管选择错误可能会对整个项目造成不利影响，但如果选择正确，大胆地使用颜色则可以大有作为。 建筑师经常为光线充沛的空间而努力，黑色的外墙看起来似乎违反直觉。 同样，在大多数城市和乡村环境中，一幢黑暗的建筑起初可能会冒着与众不同的风险。 但对比也创造了平衡与和谐。 正如以下六个项目所演示的那样，建筑师不应该害怕走入黑暗的一面。

The psychology of color is an under-explored and intangible subject intertwined with fact and fiction. Our perception of color is sensory and, as such, it evokes feelings that are at once symbolic, associative and emotional. While personal preferences may be highly subjective, our particular feelings towards colors are also culturally conditioned. For example, in the West, white was historically associated with purity and cleanliness, while black often represented death and was worn in mourning. On the other hand, in the East, the reverse has  been the case historically. Meanwhile, in the past half century, modern culture (New Yorkers in particular) has time and again reaffirmed that black is a timeless sartorial hue and the epitome of cool. What is more, with so many intriguingly inky options on the greyscale, the many gradients of black remain under-appreciated and — especially architecturally — unexplored.
For architects, colors are, in equal measure, both objective (for instance, inherent to a material) and subjective (bound to personal aesthetics). This holds true for both interior spaces and exterior expressions. When it comes to the latter, hue is an essential element in façade design that can influence a person’s opinion of a space before they step foot inside. In this sense, while poor choices may be detrimental to the whole project, when done properly, being bold with color can pay off in a big way. Architects often strive for light-filled spaces, a black façade may seem counter-intuitive; likewise, in most urban and rural contexts, a dark building at first may run the risk of sticking out like a sore thumb. Yet, contrast also creates balance and harmony; as the following six projects demonstrate, architects should not be afraid of going over to the dark side.





Casa Tres Cubiertas，AARKRAFT 墨西哥 蒙特雷

尽管以三个截然不同的体量建造，这三个如同同一物质的立面组成了这个独立家庭住宅的整体外观。 内外均采用锐利的线条和单一配色，给建筑增添了开阔的感觉。 同时画廊般的内部在少数的木质装饰的点缀下变暖。 立面的深碳色与内部明亮的白色几何形状形成鲜明对比。 这种对比创造出了一座既精确又引人注目的建筑。

Casa Tres Cubiertas by ARKRAFT, Monterrey, Mexico
Despite being constructed in three distinct volumes, the consistent materiality of the three trio of façades contributes to the monolithic appearance of this detached family home. Sharp lines and a monochromatic pallet both inside and out give the building a feeling of vastness. Meanwhile, the gallery-like interior is warmed only by rare wooden accents. The dark charcoal expanses of façade stand in complete contrast to the bright white geometries inside. Taken together, the contrast creates a building that is as striking as it is precise.





反转住宅  StudioStudio Krubka，泰国 曼谷

反转住宅坐落在高密度城市地区，旨在满足隐私和安静的需求，平衡传统的泰国建筑与现代生活。 双层外立面不仅可以减少外界的噪音和污染，而且不间断的结构也保障了整座建筑的自然通风，同时为内部空间提供了遮阳。 在相对古朴的社区中，深色哑光的体量在不贬低周围房屋历史悠久的倾斜屋顶的情况下脱颖而出。 内部漆黑的石材细节和窗框为玻璃框架装饰增添了别致的对比，表现出了以逻辑驱动的设计。

Inside-out house by Studio Krubka, Bangkok, Thailand
Located in a high-density urban area, the Inside-Out House, was designed as a reaction to the need for privacy and quiet, balancing traditional Thai architecture and modern living. The doublelayered exterior facade not only dampens noise and pollution from the outside, but the uninterrupted structure supports natural ventilation throughout the building while simultaneously providing shade for the internal spaces. In the context of a relatively quaint neighborhood, the dark matte of the rectangular volumes stand out without detracting from the historic pitched roofs of the surrounding homes. Inside, inky stone detailing and window framing accent the otherwise airy and glazed interior in a chic contrast that reflects the logic driving the design.





湖滨小屋 Atelier Schwimmer 加拿大 Lac-Brome

这栋被落叶松覆盖的湖畔小屋在玩弄光与暗的想法时，使用了两种方法来包裹住这栋房屋。 烧焦的木板装饰着垂直平面，用于抵御各种天气，并以其明显的黑色外观使建筑震撼人心。 水平面是天然上油的木板，可保护在注入炭黑色调中凹陷和暴露较少的木材。 带有中央壁炉的三层高中庭，从所有优良位置都可以看到，小屋内部的灯光异常诱人。 这变成了一个宽敞而充满社交属性的环境。 从外面看，深色木料与粗糙的北部松形成对话，同时融合了现代气息。

Lakeside Cabin by Atelier Schwimmer, Lac-Brome, Canada
Playing with the idea of dark and light, the larch-clad Lakeside Cabin uses two methods to encase this home. Charred wooden planks adorned the vertical planes, protecting from all weathers and imbue the building with its distinct blackened look. The horizontal planes are naturally oiled planks which protects the recessed and less-exposed timber while imbuing it with a charcoal black hue. A triple-height atrium with a central fireplace, visible from all vantage points, the cabin is deceivingly bright internally. It becomes a large and sociable environment. From the outside, the dark wood creates dialogue with the gnarled northern pines, in a modern statement that blends into its setting.





Puertecillo住宅  Base Arquitectos工作室 智利

美丽的Puertecillo住宅被海洋和森林环绕。建筑师利用了该基地的形态，将其建造在令人难以置信的陡峭地形上。 该建筑物几乎全部用木头建造以适应沿海气候，建筑的外墙采用松木制造并以乌木黑调着色，使得房屋与背景融为一体，掩蔽在周围的植物中。 同时，多个露台面向大海。 宽敞的玻璃窗保证了室内空间的明亮和愉悦。

House in Puertecillo by Estudio Base Arquitectos, Camino a Puertecillo, Cardenal Caro, O’Higgins, Chile
A mix of sea and forest surrounds the beautiful House in Puertecillo. Constructed on incredibly steep terrain, the architect takes advantage of the location’s morphology.  Constructed almost entirely of wood to survive the coastal climate, the building’s pine facade is tinted in an ebony shade of black that allows the house to blend into the background, disguising itself in the surrounding plant life. At the same time, multiple terraces are oriented with a view of the sea; expansive glazing ensures that the interior space remains bright and cheery.





＃11 II   Beautbureau，曼谷，泰国

＃11 II所在的地块至今已经闲置了近二十年。 就像灰姑娘去舞会一样，它曾经是一座普通的两居室独立家庭住宅，如今已变为无法辨认的三居室两层独立房屋。 新的高层舒适地坐落在第一座建筑物的L形占地面积上，包括了卧室和办公室。 这些新建部分的独特之处在于其独特的黑格子外墙，由木材和塑料复合材料预制板组成。 坚固的墙壁和通风的空隙的节奏结合在一起，形成了统一了整个上层的醒目的深色纹理表皮，提供了安全和醒目的视觉效果。

#11 II by Beautbureau, Bangkok, Thailand
The plot where #11 II sits has lain vacant for nearly two decades — until now. Like Cinderella going to the ball, what was once a modest two-bedroom detached family home has now been transformed into an unrecognizable three-bedroom, two-storied house. Sitting comfortably on top of the L-shaped footprint of the first building, the new upper levels consist of bedrooms and offices. These new additions are distinguished externally by their unique jet black lattice façade, made up of wood and plastic composite prefabricated panels. Together, the rhythm of solid walls and airy voids combine in a striking dark, textured sheath that unifies the entire upper level, providing protective and eye-catching visuals.





Ineos Geel办公楼  Wilma Wastiau  比利时 Geel

Ineos是全球最大的化学品生产商，因此对其重新设计制造工厂是一项艰巨的任务。 这座建筑是一个独特的结构。 其十字形的平面图旨在将工业交通与人员流动隔离开来。 同时，建筑物的对角线边缘微妙地借用了工厂生产的聚丙烯的碳键的形态。 工业级的锌立面和屋顶采用深黑色调并在整个外部延伸。 这些面板以有节奏的方式排列，看起来很现代且引人注目。

Office Ineos Geel by Wilma Wastiau, Geel, Belgium
Ineos is one of the world’s largest producers of chemicals, making the redesign of the manufacturing plant was a monumental task. The building is a unique structure; its cross-shaped ground plan aims to segregate industrial traffic from the circulation of personnel. Meanwhile, the diagonal edges of the building make subtle references to the carbon bonding of polypropylene produced at the plant. The industrial-grade zinc facade and roof are colored in a deep black hue that extends across the entire exterior; these panels are arranged in a rhythmic pattern that appears modern and demands attention.