Is Architectural Algae Leading a New Wave of Green Design?

由专筑网Martijn，小R编译

微藻可以以不同方式和不同的结构尺度来净化空气、产生能量，并且用作食物。

设计师可使用的各种可持续材料中，藻类相对是一个比较新的种类。 它利用光合作用吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气，从而减少对环境的影响并净化空气。 同时它还可以用作可再生生物燃料，为各种设备和系统提供动力。 此外，它还可以作为营养丰富的食物来源或添加剂。它简单快速繁殖的特性将使其成为未来几年里燃料和食物的良好替代品。设计师们也已经认识到这一点，并正尝试将微藻融入各种尺度的结构的不同方法。 而下面则是几个例子。

Microalgae can be used in different ways and at different scales in structures to purify air, produce energy and serve as food.
Algae is a relatively new entrant in the assortment of sustainable materials available to designers. It uses photosynthesis to absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, thereby reducing environmental impact and purifying air. It can also be used as renewable biofuel to power a variety of devices and systems. Additionally, it can also act as a highly nutrient-rich food source or additive. Its easy and rapid multiplication will make it a good alternative for fuel and food in the coming years. Designers have recognized this and are experimenting with different ways in which microalgae can be incorporated into structures of all sizes. Below are just a few examples.





藻类穹顶 / Aleksander Wadas 工作室，丹麦 哥本哈根

在得知微藻具有极高的蛋白质含量，并得以成为未来食物的有力竞争者后，这家丹麦工作室决定创建一个装置来开始关于可持续建筑解决方案的对话。他们的作品作为 2017 年哥本哈根 CHART 艺术博览会的一部分首次亮相。穹顶由带有发光微藻的薄透明管组成，这些微藻通过穿孔罐吸收空气中的二氧化碳。随着其质量迅速倍增，颜色则从较浅的色调转变为较深的绿色，即随着体验空间的过程激起人们更多的好奇心。

Algae Dome by Aleksander Wadas Studio, Copenhagen, Denmark
Upon learning that microalgae has a very high protein content, making it a contender for food of the future, this Danish studio decided to create an installation to start conversations about sustainable architecture solutions. Their piece made its debut as part of the CHART Art Fair in Copenhagen in 2017. A dome comprises thin transparent tubes with luminescent microalgae that absorb the carbon dioxide in the air through a perforated tank. As it rapidly multiples in mass, its color changes from a lighter hue to a deeper green, creating more intrigue as people experience the space.





EcoPods / Höweler + Yoon建筑事务所，马塞诸塞州 波士顿

这个概念性的垂直藻类生物反应器位于波士顿市中心的一个停滞的建筑工地。它由作为生物燃料来源和研究项目孵化器的预制立方体组成。这些立方体被加以改造，使用由生物燃料驱动的机械臂来达到藻类的最大产量。

这些单元也可以分离并移动到其他位置。其灵活性允许按不同的体量和间隙配置，来适应垂直公园和植物园之间的空隙。此外，该建筑同时还用作公共信息中心。

EcoPods by Höweler + Yoon Architecture, Boston, Massachusetts
This conceptual vertical algae bioreactor is situated in the place of a stalled construction site in downtown Boston. It is composed of prefabricated cubes that act as biofuel sources and incubators for research programs. These cubes are reconfigured for maximum algae production using a robotic arm that is powered by the also biofuel.
The units can also be separated and later moved to other locations. Its flexible nature allows different configurations of massing and gaps to accommodate vertical public parks and botanical gardens in the voids between. Furthermore, the structure also acts as a public information center.





芝加哥藻绿循环滨海城 /  INIMAGENABLE，伊利诺伊州 芝加哥

为了尽量减少对环境的影响，此工作室设想了一种双重的可持续性方案。他们不仅引入了藻类以作为减少二氧化碳排放的方式，还提出了一种可以整合到现有建筑物中的系统。

这一概念被应用于对芝加哥滨海城市塔的再思考。建筑师们设想用一个以三个层次工作的综合闭环对著名的塔进行改造，从空气中吸收碳供给生物反应器，通过植物光合作用吸收碳以及通过太阳能和风能以节能。 这个生物反应器将作为管道放置在建筑物顶部和地下的停车场，以产生足够的能量来满足建筑物的所有电力需求。

Algae_Green Loop Marina City Chicago by INIMAGENABLE, Chicago, Illinois
In order to achieve minimal environmental impact, the studio envisions a two-fold approach to sustainability. Their proposal not only introduces algae as a way to reduce carbon dioxide emissions but also proposes a system that can be incorporated into existing buildings.
The concept is applied in a rethinking of the Marina City Towers in Chicago. The architects imagine retrofitting the famous towers with a synthetic closed loop that works at three levels, carbon sequestration from the air to feed the bioreactor, absorption by vegetal photosynthesis and energy saving through solar and wind energy creation. This bioreactor, placed as tubes at the top of the building and the parking lot below, will produce enough energy to satisfy all the building’s power needs.





洗涤者——藻类生物反应器 / TBA，加拿大 多伦多

这个装置位于一家旧的联合利华肥皂厂内，因此工作室想要引入清洁空气的概念。其通过创建一个功能强大的 DIY 藻类反应器来完成，该反应器将二氧化碳转化为氧气。该系统包括了内含藻类的长透明管，藻类排列在荧光管上以促进光合作用。悬挂的长透明管释放新鲜氧气并在装置周围形成洁净的气泡。藻类干燥后还可以作为营养丰富的食物。

Scrubber – Algae bio-reactor by TBA, Toronto, Canada
Since this installation was taking place in an old Unilever soap factory, the studio wanted to bring in the concept of cleaning the air. This was done by creating a functioning DIY algae reactor that converts carbon dioxide to oxygen. The system comprises long transparent tubes containing the algae arranged over fluorescent tubes to promote photosynthesis. The hanging tubes release fresh oxygen and create a clean air bubble around the installation. Upon drying, the algae can also act as nutrient-rich food.





雅宝高科园 / 10设计，中国 深圳

为了将自然与城市景观融为一体，大型综合体采用了不同的方式将植被融入结构中。塔楼的阳台经过调整以允许植物在建筑物的立面上生长。 这个综合体最有趣的特点是在建筑物的西表面上添加了藻管，不仅创造了绿色纹理，还能够生产氧气。这些外表面还可以中和污染，生产有机肥料和清洁的灰水。Urban Bio-Reactor, Copenhagen, Denmark

Yabao Hi-Tech Park by 10 Design, Shenzhen, China
With the aim of integrating nature with the urban landscape, the large complex uses different ways of incorporating vegetation into the structure. Balconies in the tower have been adjusted to allow plants to grow on the building’s façade. One of the most interesting features of this complex is the addition of algae tubes on the western surfaces of the buildings that not only add a green texture but also produce oxygen. These external surfaces also neutralize pollution, produce organic fertilizer and clean grey water.





城市生物反应器，丹麦 哥本哈根

工业用地被构想为一个揭示空气和水污染以及生态威胁的问题的中心，将有助于使城市成为可持续发展的首都。该设计使用现有的建筑并将其转换为一个收获微藻以使用二氧化碳生产生物燃料并清洁周围空气的系统。附近建筑物的排放物被收集，并送到含有藻类的管道，在那里它们将被净化并转化为生物质。这种生物质之后可以转化为供暖系统的干燃料。该设计还包括一条长廊，可供市民用于休闲、运动等其他活动。

The re-imagination of an industrial site into a hub that brings to light problems of air and water pollution and ecological threats is a contribution to making the city a sustainable capital. The design uses the existing structure and converts it to a system that harvests microalgae to produce biofuel using carbon dioxide and clean the air around. The emissions from the buildings in the neighborhood are collected and sent to the tubes containing the algae where they will be purified and converted to biomass. This biomass can then be converted to dry fuel for heating systems. The design also includes a promenade that the citizens can use for relaxation, sports or other events.





克里特岛生物气候学校竞赛 / 巴布罗斯基项目，希腊 克里特岛

竞赛条目的重点是创建一个耐气候和可持续的建筑。受古代克里特神庙的启发，中庭成为了该设计的重点，它可以保护使用者免受阳光直射和风的影响，并有助于在建筑内部营造小气候。该提案还包括在场地本身生产可再生能源以满足建筑物的能源需求。其通过设计元素来实现通风和阳光控制，以及光伏板和风力发电机等附加装置。同时他们还添加了一个藻类光反应器作为额外的电力来源。

Bioclimatic School Contest in Crete by Bablowsky Project, Crete, Greece
This competition entry focuses on creating a structure that is climate-resistant and sustainable. Inspired by ancient Cretan temples, an atrium becomes the focal point of this design as it protects users from direct sun, winds and helps create a microclimate within. The proposal also includes the generation of renewable energy on the site itself to fulfill the building’s energy demands. This is done through design elements to enable ventilation and sun control as well as additions like photovoltaic panels and wind generators. They have also added an algae photoreactor to act as an additional source of electricity.