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窗户涂酸奶，环保又降温：奇特的建筑创新

炎炎夏日，英国工程师 Tom Greenhill构思了一个建议低成本、低能耗的降温方案——在窗户外侧涂抹酸奶，目的是在高温期间使家居保持凉爽。

用滚筒涂抹，酸奶干得快，能形成类似磨砂玻璃的效果。Greenhill说，这种涂层应该能像其他节能窗涂层产品一样反射光和热。

Greenhill承认，这看起来可能是一个“完全古怪的想法”。但根据实验，他还没有看到这个策略的任何缺点。

British engineer Tom Greenhill is proposing painting the outside of windows with yoghurt as a low-cost, low-energy solution to keep UK homes cool during heatwaves.
Painted on with a roller, yoghurt dries quickly and creates a fritted glass-like effect that Greenhill says should reflect light and heat in much the same way as other energy-efficient window coating products.
Greenhill admits that this may seem like a "totally eccentric idea". But based on his own experiments, he is yet to see a downside to the strategy.



他说，酸奶容易涂抹，没有气味，不会吸引昆虫，除非遇到大雨，否则不会分解。热浪过后，只需用布和水轻轻一擦即可清除。

Greenhill是一名注册工程师和环境保护主义者，专注于新建筑的全生命周期碳减排。最近，他推出了一个“热浪工具包”，列出了一些低成本的DIY降温方案。

他认为，虽然市场上有一些很好的产品和措施可以改造建筑，从而抵御高温，但目前的策略对许多人来说实施起来较为困难。

He says the yoghurt is easy to apply, doesn't smell, doesn't attract insects, doesn't degrade unless there's heavy rain and can be washed off simply with a cloth and water once the heatwave is over.
Greenhill is a chartered engineer and environmentalist, specialised in whole-life carbon reduction in new builds, who recently launched a Heatwave Toolkit cataloguing low-cost DIY cooling solutions.
His view is that, while there are some great products and architectural interventions on the market that can retrofit buildings to ward off heat, most are currently inaccessible to many people.



“我曾在建筑项目中加入了绿屋顶、各种景观元素、指定的外部遮阳、深窗台和可移动的外部遮阳。”Greenhill说，“这些都非常有用，但大多数人没有能力去做这些。”

他认为，酸奶是租房者、居住在保护区内不能对建筑进行改动的人，或那些买不起专门设计产品的人的一种替代解决方案。

Greenhill特别关注英国，因为这个国家拥有欧洲最为古老的建筑，但是这些建筑无法应对日益增长的高温天气。

“通过工作，我意识到，我们不仅需要这些临时适应措施——因为期望所有住房都能适应高温天气并不现实，而且这些措施需要快速部署，所以尽量经济且便捷。”他说。

“这些措施还需要非常有效，因为建筑的规模非常大，持续高强度热浪阻塞医院并造成严重问题的风险非常高。”

Greenhill在职业生涯早期于工程公司Max Fordham工作时听到的一个轶事启发了他使用酸奶涂层的想法。

在上世纪90年代伦敦Geffrye 博物馆（现为家庭博物馆）翻修期间，据报道，Fordham 建议在建筑的玻璃屋顶上倒酸奶，因为客户抱怨夏季时玻璃屋顶会滞留热量。

"I've put green roofs and all these landscaping elements in, specified external shading, deep window reveals, moving external shades," Greenhill told Dezeen. "These are all fantastically useful, but most people don't have the agency to do that."
He sees yoghurt as an alternative solution for renters, people who live in conservation areas that prohibit changes to their buildings or people who simply can't afford specially designed products.
Greenhill particularly has the UK in mind, as the country is regularly referred to as having the oldest housing stock in Europe – none of it built for the increasingly long and intense periods of heat brought on by climate change.
"What I've realised through my work is not only do we need these temporary adaptations – because it's not realistic to expect all of the housing to be able to adapt – but they need to be rapidly deployable, they need to be incredibly cheap and they need to be really light touch," he said.
"They also need to be really effective because the scale of the problem is massive and the risk of a really intense, long heatwave clogging up hospitals and causing real problems is really significant."
Greenhill got the idea for the yoghurt coating from an anecdote he'd heard early in his career when he was working at the engineering firm Max Fordham.
During the renovation of London's Geffrye Museum in the 1990s – now the Museum of the Home – Fordham reportedly suggested pouring yoghurt over the building's glass roof after the client complained about it trapping heat in summer.



虽然Greenhill不确定这个故事是否真实，但多年来他一直在思考这个想法，并考虑它是否可行。

最近，在为“热浪工具包”制定计划时，他决定进行调查，发现美国确实有用酸奶作为窗户涂层的先例，人们用它来制作隐私屏障和窗户艺术。

在这两个例子中，画家将酸奶涂在窗户的内侧，记录显示，酸奶干后能够形成坚固的表面，这似乎是永久性的，除非被洗掉。

Greenhill说：“将任何涂层应用于窗户外侧对于降温更有效，因为它能阻止太阳光线穿透热包层并滞留在房屋内部。”

在自己家里试用时，这位工程师发现用刷子效果不佳，但用滚筒涂抹酸奶能形成薄薄的一层，质感让人联想到陶瓷釉料——“这是我在建筑项目中用来限制太阳能增益的产品”。

他测试了多种酸奶——包括乳制品和燕麦酸奶——发现它们的效果都差不多，每扇窗只需约一汤匙，低脂酸奶能产生更透明的效果。

Greenhill现在正试图推广他的酸奶涂层方法，希望借此向公众传递应对热浪的知识，同时争取实验室测试的资金，以明确这种技术的有效性。

“即使它的效果只有陶瓷釉料的一半，它对于热能的阻挡也依然具有变革性的作用。”Greenhill说。

虽然Greenhill的酸奶方法看起来不像是传统的设计解决方案，但一些专家认为，该行业正在越来越多地转向适应和应对环境危机。

While Greenhill is unsure whether the anecdote is true, he continued to think about it over the years and consider whether it would work.
Recently, while thinking up plans for the Heatwave Toolkit, he decided to investigate and found that there is precedent for using yoghurt as a window coating in the US, with people having used it to create privacy screens and window art.
In both of these instances, the painters applied the yoghurt to the inside of the windows but documented the results dried to a robust finish that seemed to be permanent until washed off.
Applying any coating to the exterior of the window is more effective for cooling, Greenhill said, as it stops the sun's rays from breaching the thermal envelope and getting trapped inside the house.
For a test run on his own home, the engineer found that using a brush was unsuccessful but applying the yoghurt with a roller gave a thin coating with a texture reminiscent of ceramic frit – "a product I've specified on building projects to limit solar gains".
He tested a variety of yoghurts – including dairy and oat – and found they all worked much the same, with only about a tablespoon of product required per window and lower fat yoghurts giving a more translucent effect.
Greenhill is now trying to publicise his yoghurt trick, both in the hopes of informing the public about heatwave preparedness and also securing funding for laboratory testing that would put a clear figure on the technique's effectiveness.
"Even if it was half as effective as ceramic frit, it would be an absolute game changer in terms of keeping the heat out of homes," said Greenhill.
While Greenhill's yoghurt method may not look like a conventional design solution, some experts argue the profession is increasingly shifting towards adaptation and making do in response to environmental crises.