São Cosme House / Carlos Castanheira

由专筑网小R编译

建筑始终在发展，永远都有更好，但并不总是这样。

建筑师曾经到过这里，只是为了看看São Cosme农场，这里还有一块岩石，它位于一个视野开阔的地方，客户们想要在此改造一座废弃住宅。

Text description provided by the architects. Architecture is always transformation. Preferably for the better. But not always.
I had been there before, but just to see the São Cosme farm. And a rocky outcrop, sitting in a strategic location with great views. I went back there. They wanted to refurbish an old house that had long been abandoned.





建筑师甚至不记得这座建筑，因为那里的花岗岩更加吸引人，这座建筑服务于人，由多种材料建造而成，其中的石材有着很高的品质，但是大量的混凝土完成得并不是很好。

I didn’t even remember the house, as previously the magnificent granite outcrop had claimed all my attention. The house had been built for the caretakers. It was built in a mixture of materials. The stonemason, who cut the stone, had been good and the stonework showed some quality. However, the master-builder responsible for the concrete work had left evidence of his incompetence.



拆除重建不是一个好策略，因为这会毁坏原来的努力，建筑的好坏部分相互依存，农业建筑群看起来更好一些，它们并没有被拆除，这是好的方向。

Abandonment is a bad builder that rapidly destroys what’s been done. Both the bad parts and the good. The agricultural buildings were in slightly better condition as they hadn’t been abandoned, which is something positive.



建筑师和客户曾经合作过其他项目，一定程度上还是有些复杂，那便是陡坡的处理，因为现有建筑位于不同的露台之上。

I already knew the Client, as we’d done other projects together before. The brief was relatively simple, but with a degree of complexity nonetheless. This complexity was a result of the steep slope and because the various existing buildings were spread over different terraces.





建筑师马上有了新构想，那便是让客厅位于上方，而卧室位于下方，在一开始的时候，客户还有些担心这个想法能否实现，在项目准备好之后，讨论过后便开始施工，这是该项目的乐趣所在。

Right away I wanted to make an upside-down house: Living Rooms above and Bedrooms below. Initially, there was some apprehension about this idea. The project was prepared, discussed, and went on to be constructed immediately. That’s how I like it to be and what makes it fun.







拆除过程有好有坏，屋面一直隐藏着，通过木材建造而成，并没有白蚁侵蚀的痕迹，但是和其他木结构一样，还是存在有一些裂缝，这是木材的特征。

The demolitions revealed both nice and not-so-nice surprises. The roof, up until then hidden, was fully constructed in eucalyptus and was in reasonable condition, as there was no evidence of any termites or fungi. As usual with structures in eucalyptus, a challenging species of wood, there were a lot of twists and cracks in the timbers. It’s the nature of wood to be always working.



下部有一个半地下室，为了节约基础的开销，方案经过调整，因此可以略微降低，让房间的高度增加，面板十分轻盈，混凝土或是钢筋也十分轻盈，但是这个位置依然需要加固，并且便于替换。

On the lower floor, a semi-basement, they had scrimped on the foundations, so these had to be re-invented. So, we took the opportunity to go slightly lower, in order to increase the room height. The lightweight slab was light in all aspects. In the reinforcement and even the actual concrete. Very light. It had to be reinforced and even replaced here and there.







上部屋顶结构位于四个外部墙体之上，没有过多的装饰，开窗促进了采光和自然通风，满足整体的布局需求，曾经的开口痕迹依然存在，建筑师们清除了一些不需要的东西，让空间通透一些，因为窗户不仅仅只是用于通风采光，同时还能够让室内外空间更好地融合在一起，让人们感受到室外的风景。

Up above, the roof structure simply sat on the four outside walls. Just like that, with no frills. The windows were satisfactory both in terms of light and ventilation in accordance with the agreed layout. They corresponded to what was needed. There were traces of previous openings and their later closing up. Possible corrections or adaptations. We cleared away what we thought excessive and we opened up a lot. Because windows are not there solely to satisfy the need for illumination and ventilation. They must also bring the outside in. Of course, we would like to live outdoors all the time.



除此之外建筑师还增加了一个主卧新体量，位于露台之上，直接连接着起居室，阳台和悬挑部分控制了采光量，并且能够遮风挡雨，一条通道连接着下部楼层的新体量，这里还有洗衣房、工作间，以及停车区域，事实上，这里也是住宅的服务入口，连接着所有楼层。

I added a new volume, the Master Bedroom, and above this a Terrace, directly connected to the Living Room. Verandas and overhangs allow us to control light levels, as well as controlling the rainfall. A tunnel connects the House with the new volume at the lower level, where the Laundry, Workshop, and Car Parking are located. This is, in fact, the service entrance for the House, and connects all the floors.



屋顶结构已经经过修复，工人们增加了一些加固材料，同时应用木材作为新体块的结构部分，除此之外木材也应用于天花板和窗框之中。

The roof structure was repaired and stabilized. Some steel was added to reinforce connections. Stabilizers. We used timber for the structure of the new volume and the overhangs, on the ceilings, and also for the window frames.



起居室是一个小空间，承载了日常生活，厨房、客厅、交通空间，甚至是卫生间都位于此，天花板向四面倾斜，楼下则是3间卧室和卫生间。

The Living Room is a generous space where it all happens. Or almost all. The kitchen, Living, Circulation, and even a small Toilet are located in this space, under the four-sided, pitched ceiling. Three Bedrooms downstairs. Bathrooms.



外部区域也经过景观处理，这里不仅仅是农田，卧室前侧也经过处理，院落和道路上铺设了鹅卵石，一切都经过了设计，并且大部分的工作都在现场完成，建筑师认为每个项目都应该如此，这里没有过于消极的看法，改造看起来十分自然，但是改变却很多，这就是建筑应该存在的样子。

The outside area was landscaped, as it is no longer just for agriculture. The threshing floor in front of the Bedrooms was repaired. Cobbles were laid in the Patios and Pathways. Everything was designed. Much of the design was done on-site. As I like it. All projects should be like this. Without other, always negative, opinions. When we go back there, it’s as if, it has been this way for ages. But a substantial transformation has taken place. For the better. This is the way Architecture should be.



现在，建筑师们更加关注岩石，因为这看起来很适合建造住宅。

Now we will turn our attention to the outcrop because it looks like someone wants to build a house on it.











































建筑设计：Carlos Castanheira
类型：住宅 适应性再利用
面积：374 m2
时间：2021年
摄影：Fernando Guerra | FG+SG
制造商：- A. Sousa Alves, Revestimentos de Zinco e Cobre, Lda.
结构工程：HDP – Construction and Engineering Projects Lda.
木工：Carpincunha Madeiras Lda
建筑设计：Carlos Castanheira
项目合作方：Rita Ferreira, Mariana Mendes
项目团队：Sofia Conceição, Maria Arez
葡萄牙工作室：CC&CB – Architects Lda
金属工程：Obvicerto - Unipessoal Lda
城市：Vila Nova de Famalicão
国家：葡萄牙

HOUSES, ADAPTIVE REUSE
VILA NOVA DE FAMALICÃO, PORTUGAL
Architects: Carlos Castanheira
Area: 374 m2
Year: 2021
Photographs: Fernando Guerra | FG+SG
Manufacturers: - A. Sousa Alves, Revestimentos de Zinco e Cobre, Lda.
Structural Engineer: HDP – Construction and Engineering Projects Lda.
Carpentry: Carpincunha Madeiras Lda
Architect: Carlos Castanheira
Project Coordinator: Rita Ferreira, Mariana Mendes
Project Team: Sofia Conceição, Maria Arez
Portugal Office: CC&CB – Architects Lda
Metalwork: Obvicerto - Unipessoal Lda
City: Vila Nova de Famalicão
Country: Portugal