Jeju Island Tea House / álvaro Siza Vieira + Carlos Castanheira
由专筑网小R编译
在建造了济州住宅，然后受邀设计了茶室，那么什么是茶室呢，这是首要问题，建筑师在面对新项目和新挑战的时候，需要解决一些新问题，也要学习新内容。
Text description provided by the architects. First, we built the House – the Jeju House. Afterward, we were asked to design a Tea House. What Is a Tea House? Was our first question. It’s such a privilege to be an architect, to be confronted with new projects, new challenges. To solve something, study and learn.
客户也购买了西侧的邻近地块作为住宅的缓冲区域，这样能够扩建花园，同时建造接待客人且相对私密的区域，那么扩建这么一个满足各方面条件的部分则需要经过大量的思考。
As a buffer to the House, the clients had purchased the adjacent site to the West, so as to expand the gardens and also to build somewhere that guests could be received without disturbing the privacy of the Family and the House. To extend something which is already built and which everyone is happy with is a task that requires some reflection.
这座住宅已经有附属部分了，那便是管家的住宅，该部分完美地融入了主要体量之中，它并不是一个独立的空间，也不像其他附属设施一样位于花园的尽头，它拥有美感，客户的要求相对较高。
The House already had an “annex”- the caretaker’s house - which is perfectly integrated within the overall volumes, materials, and functionality. This new “annex” couldn’t share the humble character of an annex. Nor, could it be something
inferior, at the end of the garden, less well built and, typically, lacking in aesthetic concern. The Client’s demands, like our own, are always high.
那么建筑师会应用相同的材料吗？或是同样的体块？考虑到不同的功能和客户的意向，这也许是个问题，出于好奇，也考虑到韩国的传统建筑，建筑师收集了一些信息，也参考了一些案例，尤其是济州岛上的木材建筑作品。
Would we use the same materials? The same volumetric games? This seemed problematic, given the difference in the brief and in the Client’s intentions. Being curious, as ever, about traditional architecture, in this case, Korean traditional architecture, we gathered information and visited the best examples, especially the local ones on the island of Jeju. These are masterful works. Especially the ones in timber.
建筑师心目中的材质应该是石材、木材，以及铜，那么就构成了第一个方案，目的是更好地理解客户的需求和期望，地点位于场地的最高处，在这里客户可以欣赏到大海和地平线，剩下部分就构成一个花园，建筑位于新场地的中心位置，那么这就需要构成整体的简洁连接。
It appeared to us that the materials should be: stone, timber, and copper. We prepared the first proposal, so as to verify the brief and get a better understanding of the requirements and the expectations. The location needed to be at the highest point on the site, from where one could marvel at the sea and the horizon. The rest would be a landscaped garden. With the building located at the center of the new site, we had to give it connections that could be quickly and easily perceived.
整个概念很简单，这是一个宽敞的生活空间，在这里人们可以准备、品尝茶水，同时也可以感受红酒，那么建筑师就发现，茶室的类别变得更加广泛，使用者可以在卧室休息，而典型的韩国浴室可能是一个完整或者局部的空间。
The brief is quite simple. A generous living space, where one could, ceremonially, prepare, serve and taste a precious tea, but also, and with equal ceremony, open a bottle and taste an excellent wine. So, we came to realize that the classification Tea House is somewhat broader than its title. A bedroom for rest, but also somewhere a visitor could stay overnight with every comfort. A bathroom, for the typical Korean use, might be full or partial.
滑动屏风成为了空间的隔断，完美地诠释了传统特征，让卧室能够随时启闭，按需向景观敞开，浴室也是一样，构成了一个拥有无限可能的空间，不同的活动可以建筑内部发生，在外部有着一个宽敞的阳台，它朝向南侧，除此之外还有一个朝向东侧的大露台。
The partitions are sliding screens that, copying and interpreting the beautiful traditional examples, allow the bedroom to be either totally or partially enclosed, or to open completely to the landscape. And it’s the same in the bathroom. Creating a game of, almost, infinite possibilities, allowing spaces to transform and to change when different activities are happening. Outside, there is a generous covered veranda facing South and a large terrace, facing East.
最终商议决定茶室以石材为基础，济州有着很多黑色的火山石，所有的结构、隔板，以及固定家具都应用了木材，铜则应用在屋顶之上，那么这该如何建造呢，韩国的木材建筑较少，因此建筑师提出这样一个方案，即施工工程在葡萄牙进行，然后将预制构件运输到现场进行组装，客户接受了这个方案，那么建筑师也遇到了新的挑战。
It was decided that the Tea House would meet the ground in stone; the almost black, volcanic stone of Jeju, and that all its structure, partitions, and fixed furniture would be timber. Copper sheeting formed the roof cover. But how was this to be built? In Korea, the knowledge of how to build in timber has been lost. So, we proposed a scheme to get the construction work carried out in a workshop in Portugal and then to ship out all the pre-fabricated components to be assembled in situ. Our proposition was immediately accepted and we had a new challenge.
最终选择的木材是Afizélia或Dossié – afzélia pachyloba，álvaro Siza于1958-1963年的作品Casa de Chá da Boa Nova已经证明了这种材质即使在恶劣天气下也能保证良好的品质，建筑师们认为，在韩国能够设计与建造出好作品，这里的人们愿意认真去做一件事，因此最终决定开始进行木材制品的制作。
The timber we chose was Afizélia, or Dossié – afzélia pachyloba. Experience with the Casa de Chá da Boa Nova – álvaro Siza 1958-1963 – validated its qualities, even in a location so close to the sea and with harsh weather conditions. We had gotten used to the fact that designing and building in Korea is easy, and moreover satisfying, as in Korea the will to do things well is deep-rooted. Now it had become possible to have the timber work manufactured near my office and my home.
切割、测试、准备、组装，然后拆卸，用两个集装箱运输到韩国，再让4名葡萄牙工匠进行重新组装，虽然在语言上存在着一点障碍，但实际上施工工作、混凝土工作、服务设施等过程几乎没有问题，项目文件也得到了正确的诠释与记录，当木材到达之后，这成为了一个按照预制计划进行同步组装的模式，每个人都能理解其中的内容。
Sawing, testing, preparation, assembly, then disassembly and, in two containers, shipping to Korea. After that, we had to send over four Portuguese carpenters for the reassembly. Although the language may seem to be an obstacle, in fact, the construction works, concrete, and services installations proceeded without problems; the project documents were all correctly interpreted and followed. When the timber arrived, it was a case of erecting it in the synchronized pattern of the pre-fabrication plan, where the language is consensual and understood by everyone.
所有的东西都暂时不可见，这在项目中其实很常见，所有的服务需求都包含在内，这是无法取代的，它们存在，但是暂时看不到成果。
Everything is there but nothing is visible. As is usual in our Projects and Buildings. All the services required for absolute comfort were included, but they don’t take over. They exist but are out of view because they are nonessential, unsightly.
茶室与住宅的连接也十分自然，它们就如同自然形成一般，在上部楼层有着服务连接区域，另一条路线则是从入口通向住宅，人们也可以在花园里散布，也可以进入茶室，住宅和茶室之间通过一扇门来连接，花园由Seo-Ahn STL Total Landscape事务所设计，这是只有在韩国才会出现的景观花园，因为这是几个世纪以来的发展成果，它似乎发生在一瞬间，仿佛一直存在。
The connections to the House, on foot, also needed to be something natural, as if they had always existed. There’s a service connection at the upper level and another route which, from the entry point to the House, allows for a stroll in the garden, or, for access to the Tea House. A “door” makes the connection between the House and the Tea House. The garden, designed by Seo-Ahn STL Total Landscape, the same landscape architect who designed the garden of the House, is one of those surprises that almost only happens in Korea because it is the result of experience accumulated over many centuries. It happened in a “blink of an eye” and it is as if it was always there.
通过这种方式来设计与建造是建筑师的梦想，至少对于有梦想的建筑师来说是的，不过现实也许会不一样，现在建筑师可以理解茶室到底是什么，或者人们可以在这里享受什么。
Designing and building in this way is the dream of any architect. At least for the ones who dream. Reality is, usually, very different. Now I know what a Tea House is and what you might drink there.
建筑设计：Carlos Castanheira, Jong Kyu Kim, álvaro Siza Vieira
类型：休闲
面积：260 m2
时间：2018年
摄影：Park Wansoon
结构工程：HDP - Construction And Engineering Projects
机械安装：M.A.R.U. Metropolitan Architecture Research Unit
施工方：Henriques e Rodrigues, J.P. Leitão, Pluggo – Wood for Life, Auro – John Klaus
建筑设计：álvaro Siza, Carlos Castanheira, Jong Kyu Kim
葡萄牙事务所：CC&CB Architects
项目协调：Diana Vasconcelos
项目团队：Adele Pinna, João Figueiredo, Francesca Tiri, Nuno Campos
韩国事务所：M.A.R.U. Metropolitan Architecture Research Unit
项目协作：Jong Kyu Kim
合作方：Min Kim
结构：Paulo Fidalgo
金属工艺：NORFER
城市：济州
国家：韩国
WELLBEING
JEJU, SOUTH KOREA
Architects: Carlos Castanheira, Jong Kyu Kim, álvaro Siza Vieira
Area: 260 m2
Year: 2018
Photographs: Park Wansoon
Structural Engineering: HDP - Construction And Engineering Projects
Mechanical Installations: M.A.R.U. Metropolitan Architecture Research Unit
Construction: Henriques e Rodrigues, J.P. Leitão, Pluggo – Wood for Life, Auro – John Klaus
Architects: álvaro Siza, Carlos Castanheira, Jong Kyu Kim
Practice In Portugal: CC&CB Architects
Project Coordinator: Diana Vasconcelos
Project Team: Adele Pinna, João Figueiredo, Francesca Tiri, Nuno Campos
Practice In Korea: M.A.R.U. Metropolitan Architecture Research Unit
Project Coordination: Jong Kyu Kim
Collaborators: Min Kim
Structure: Paulo Fidalgo
Metalwork: NORFER
City: Jeju
Country: South Korea
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