不丹正念城
Gelephu Mindfulness City
由专筑网一颗尘土，小R编译
不丹国王吉格梅·凯萨尔·纳姆耶尔·旺楚克在116周年国庆讲话中，向3万名听众提出了他对世界上第一个负碳国家不丹，建设新经济中心的设想。该项目名为“正念城市”，位于不丹南部的Gelephu镇，占地1000多平方公里，由BIG、Arup和Cistri设计。项目灵感来自不丹文化、国民幸福原则和不丹的精神遗产。
In the 116th National Day address to an audience of 30,000, His Majesty King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck presented his vision for a new economic hub in Bhutan, the world’s first carbon-negative country. Located in the town of Gelephu in Southern Bhutan, the 1000+ km2 masterplan titled ‘Mindfulness City’ by BIG, Arup, and Cistri is informed by Bhutanese culture, the principles of Gross National Happiness index (GNH), and the country’s strong spiritual heritage.
未来的Gelephu特别行政区位于印度和不丹边境，其地理位置将连通南亚和东南亚，为国家未来发展奠定了基础，并通过对绿色技术、教育和基础设施的投资为公民创造经济机会。总体规划由BIG的景观和城市设计团队设计，设计内容包括新国际机场、铁路连接、水电站、公共空间和具有当地类型学语言的建筑，设计理念基于国民幸福原则的九大个领域：心理健康、身体健康、教育、生活水平、时间效率、生态多样性和弹性、良好治理、文化多样性和弹性以及社区活力。
The future Gelephu Special Administration Region, located on the India-Bhutan border, will leverage its location and connectivity to South- and Southeast Asia to lay the foundation for the country’s future growth and create economic opportunities for its citizens through investments in green technology, education, and infrastructure. Designed by BIG’s Landscape and Urban Design Team, the masterplan includes a new international airport, railway connections, a hydroelectric dam, public spaces, and a language for local building typologies, based on the nine domains of GNH: Psychological Wellbeing, Health, Education, Living Standards, Time-Use, Ecological Diversity and Resilience, Good Governance, Cultural Diversity and Resilience, and Community Vitality.
不丹坐落在山脉、森林和河流之间，作为世界上最后的生物多样性热点地区之一，该国的森林覆盖率有70%。正念城市的设计目标是通过组织35条河流和溪流流过的充满活力的社区，形成相互关联的生态系统，从而提升国家的生物多样性。由此形成了从山丘到山谷的类似于稻田的带状社区，仿佛城市梯田。
从农村的休闲高地到城市的低密集地区，城市的人口一直在增加。
Nestled between mountains, forests, and rivers, Bhutan stands as one of the last biodiversity hotspots in the world, with 70% of the country covered in forest. Mindfulness City aims to amplify the country’s abundant biodiversity by emerging as a vibrant tapestry of interconnected ecosystems and lively neighborhoods shaped by the flow of the 35 rivers and streams that run through the site. The resulting ribbonlike neighborhoods resemble paddy fields, forming urban terraces that cascade down from the hills to the valley. The city increases in density from the rural and recreational highlands to the urban and dense lowlands.
“Gelephu总体规划为国王陛下的愿景提供了形式，在保留不丹的自然和文化的同时创建一个成长与创新的摇篮。我们把正念城市想象成一个独一无二的地方。在这里自然得到改善，农业得到整合，传统得以生存和传承，得到了保护的同时得到了发展。通过水道系统，Gelephu成为了连接自然与人类、过去与未来、当地与全球的桥梁。像传统的宗教一样，这些可居住的桥梁变成了文化地标以及交通设施和市政设施的结合。其中，桑科什神庙大坝（Sankosh Temple-Dam）将城市的基本价值观嵌入到阶梯和平台的层叠景观中，就像21世纪的老虎巢（tiger Nest）一样，将成为一个人造纪念碑象征着人类在地球上可持续存在的可能性。把工程变成艺术，把自然变成力量。” BIGp创始人兼创意总监
“The Gelephu Masterplan gives form to His Majesty’s vision to create a city that becomes a cradle for growth and innovation while remaining founded on Bhutanese nature and culture. We imagine the Mindfulness City as a place that could be nowhere else. Where nature is enhanced, agriculture is integrated, and tradition is living and breathing, not only preserved but also evolved. Shaped by waterways, Gelephu becomes a land of bridges, connecting nature and people, past and future, local and global. Like the traditional Dzongs, these inhabitable bridges turn into cultural landmarks, doubling as transportation infrastructure combined with civic facilities. Among these, the Sankosh Temple-Dam embeds the city’s fundamental values into a cascading landscape of steps and landings, that like a 21st century Tigers Nest will be a manmade monument to the divine possibility of a sustainable human presence on earth. Turning engineering into art and turning the forces of nature into power." - Bjarke Ingels, Founder and Creative Director, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group。
Gelephu的自然元素和现有的基础设施、农业和公用事业自然地在1000多平方公里的区域内创造了11个不同的社区。从分散在北部景观中的小型建筑到南部城市环境中的大型建筑，11个社区中的每一个都是基于曼荼罗（佛教，印度教）的原则设计的，通过一系列围绕中央公共空间对称组织的重复类型学来定义，创建了逐渐过渡的密度。
The natural elements and the existing infrastructure, agriculture, and utilities of Gelephu naturally create eleven distinct neighborhoods across the 1000+ km2 area. Each of the eleven neighborhoods is designed based on the principles of the Mandala: defined by a series of repeating typologies organized symmetrically around a central public space, a gradual transition in density is created, from small buildings dispersed in the landscape in the north to larger footprints within an urban environment in the south.
为了发展免受季风季节的洪水影响，稻田将沿着基地的河流和支流从北向南延伸。这些保护区将成为当地动植物的生物多样性走廊，使大象和其他野生动物的迁徙路线不受干扰。
To protect existing and future development against flooding in the monsoon season, paddy fields will be established along the site’s rivers and tributaries, running from north to south. These will further function as biodiversity corridors for local flora and fauna, leaving the migratory routes of elephants and other wildlife undisturbed.
“受到不丹尊重和同情他人与自然的文化启发，正念城市旨在通过连接动植物以及人与思想的城市发展来增强生态系统。”它证明了人类与自然密不可分的联系，也为如何在地球上建立可持续的人类生存树立了一个全球性的榜样。——朱利亚·弗里托利，BIG - Bjarke Ingels集团BIG景观主管合伙人
“Inspired by the Bhutanese culture of respect and compassion for others and nature, the Mindfulness City is designed to enhance ecological systems, through an urban development that connects flora and fauna, as well as people and ideas. It becomes a testament of humanity's inseparable bond with nature, and a global example of how to build a sustainable human presence on Earth.” - Giulia Frittoli, Partner in Charge, BIG Landscape, BIG – Bjarke Ingels Group
被河流隔开城市社区通过三个主要的交通枢纽连接在一起。这些桥梁也可以作为交通基础设施与公民和文化设施相结合，或根据九个国民幸福总值创造出一系列“可居住的桥梁”。
The neighborhoods within the city, which are divided by rivers, are tied together by three main mobility connections. Occasionally, these double as transportation infrastructure combined with civic and cultural facilities, creating a series of ‘inhabitable bridges’ which are tailored to each of the nine Gross National Happiness domains.
每座桥都是城市中重要地方：秉承着金刚乘精神，让人们可以瞥见僧侣和正念大师日常练习的新机场。作为东西方医学交汇点的保健中心。公开学术活动的大学。为日常通勤者展示古老的农业实践和现代农业科学的水培温室。让游客沉浸在不丹的文化和习俗中的文化中心。以及一个由不丹纺织品装饰的市场。
Each of the bridges house key destinations within the city: the new airport, a Vajrayana spiritual center which allows glimpses into the daily practices of the monks and masters of mindfulness; a healthcare center as a meeting between Eastern and Western medicine; a university that exposes its academic activities; a hydroponic and aquaponic greenhouse putting ancient farming practices and modern agro-science on display for the daily commuters; a cultural center to immerse and educate visitors about Bhutanese culture and customs; and a market adorned with Bhutanese textiles.
最后一座桥是将建在城市的西部边界上的水电站，它有一个可以作为观景点和冥想散步的阶梯式挡土墙，还有一座寺庙。游客和朝圣者可以沿着无数条独立的路线上下，到达人工悬崖上的游客中心和寺庙。寺庙大坝在建筑形式上体现了Gelephu镇所有基本元素：被认为是不丹丰富的过去遗产和繁荣的未来遗产的混合产物——文化与自然和谐共存。
The final bridge, a hydroelectric dam, will be constructed on the city’s western border with a step-well retaining wall that offers viewpoints, staircases for meditative walks, and a temple. Visitors and pilgrims can ascend and descend along countless individual routes to the visitor center and temple nested on the face of the manmade cliff. The Sankosh Temple-Dam embodies in architectural form all the foundational elements of Gelephu: the harmonious coexistence of culture and nature, conceived as a hybrid child of Bhutan’s rich past heritage and its prosperous future legacy.
铺砌的透水性铺路石的街道代替污水系统允许雨水渗入地下形成弹性环境。当地的材料如木材、石头和竹子都将被用于新建筑中，拉梁、飞檐、装饰品和屋顶景观的灵感则来自当地的图案。
Intimate streets, paved with permeable pavers provide resilience by allowing stormwater to seep into the ground rather than the sewage system. Local materials - wood, stone, and bamboo - will be used in the new buildings, inspired by vernacular motifs such as rabsel, cornices, ornaments, and roofscapes.
建筑设计：丹麦BIG建筑事务所
项目地：不丹，Gelephu
类别：城市
Architect: BIG - Bjarke Ingels Group
Loaction: Gelephu, Bhutan
Category: Cities
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