上墙，矮墙住宅 / Kode建筑事务所
Upper Wall,Low Wall Residence/Kode Architects

由专筑网陈雪，小R编译

封闭式住宅区——公寓，是韩国效率最高的常见居住形式。对于那些选择住在独栋房屋而不是公寓的人来说，一定有某些特殊原因，随时可以感受自然的露台、宽敞的开放花园和具有不同外观的独特外立面，这些都是你在公寓里感受不到的独特魅力。然而，现实情况是，密集的城市规划导致住宅区中出现了大量四面封闭的空间，每户都有独立的隐私，该地块的情况也是如此。由于该地块四周都有其他房屋，因此住宅条件不仅要考虑业主的隐私，还要考虑邻居的隐私。该地块虽然附近有着大型绿地，但由于相邻土地上房屋的遮挡，无法欣赏自然景观。因此，建筑师希望建筑既能满足客户的需求，又能保护多方隐私，并在封闭的场地中实现最大的开放感。

Closed Site -Apartments, with all their amenities and infrastructure, are the most common and efficient form of living in Korea. For those who choose to live in a detached house instead of an apartment, there must be certain things that make them want such a way of living. Terraces where you can feel nature at any time, large open gardens, and characteristic exteriors with different looks are definitely unique attractions of houses that you can't find in apartments. However, the reality is that densely packed urban planning has resulted in a large number of clustered homes closed on four sides, each with its own privacy, in housing complexes. The same was true for the subject land.As the site was surrounded by other houses on all four sides, the housing condition should be sensitive not only to the privacy of the owner but also to that of neighbors. In the urban context around the site, despite the existence of a large green space nearby, it was impossible to take an unhindered view of the natural landscape due to the houses on the adjacent land. Therefore, we intended to build a house that reflected the client's needs while protecting both their privacy and that of the neighbors and securing the maximum sense of openness in the closed site.





土地分析——该地块是京畿道城南市一栋独立住宅小区中的一个地块，位于街区的拐角处。因此，该地块有两个边面向一条8米宽的道路，另外两个边与房屋相邻。虽然有两个边面向道路，但右侧道路对面已有建筑物，前方道路毗邻空地，依据当前规划，整个场地相对拥挤，前方道路平坦，几乎没有高低差，但右侧道路有坡度，高差约为2米。建筑师计划利用这一点将车辆和人行入口分开。

Land Analysis -The subject land is one of the lots in a detached housing complex in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, and is located at the corner of the block. Thus, two of the four sides of the site are facing an 8 m road, and the other two sides are adjacent to neighboring houses. Although two sides face the road, there is already a building beyond the road on the right, and the land beyond the front road is currently an empty lot. However, as it is planned to build a detached house in the future there, it is almost as if all four sides are blocked by other houses. The front road is flat with almost no level difference, but the road on the right has a slope with a height difference of approximately 2 meters. Thus, we planned to utilize this to separate vehicle access and foot access.





概念-01. 上墙、下墙“如何围合与封闭生活空间？”这是该项目中最为复杂的问题。最终建筑师决定设计一个以庭院为中心建筑，这是保护隐私的最佳选择，因为周围的视线如同监控摄像头一般无处不在。然而，建筑师希望空间开敞，同时减少视线干扰。

Concept-01. Upper Wall, Lower Wall"How to open up the living space and how to close it down?" was the most important and difficult question that we faced on this site, which is blocked by buildings on all four sides and whose neighbors are sensitive to privacy issues. This question was the most important main theme that guided our planning throughout the project, and in the end, we determined that a building centered around a courtyard was inevitably the best option to protect privacy from the surrounding views, which are located in all directions like surveillance cameras. However, as we didn't intend to create a closed space for people to live in rather than just to stay for a while, we aimed to solve the privacy issues of both the clients and the neighbors by blocking the view of the surroundings while at the same time, creating a maximum sense of openness within the space.



墙体除了围合空间，还用于保护隐私，同时满足使用时的独立空间的需求。建筑师并没有将墙视为一个与建筑分离的简单遮挡物，而是将其与建筑融为一体，使墙成为建筑元素。此外，墙不仅仅沿场地边界，用于遮挡行人的视线，同时也分为上下两个部分，呼应不同的功能。

Beyond the closed courtyard-style building that surrounds all sides of the site, the architectural element of the 'wall' was used to protect the privacy of the neighbors while planning a residential space that meets both the needs of the clients who wanted a place to relax in nature and of their children who wanted to have an independent space from their parents. Rather than utilizing the wall as an object that is separate from the building and simply blocks the view, our design integrates the wall with the building so that the wall can be felt as one of the architectural elements. Furthermore, rather than just a high wall along the boundary of the site to block the view of pedestrians, the wall integrated with the building is divided into a lower wall and an upper wall according to the vertical level on an architectural scale rather than a human scale and responds to various issues required at each level with different functions.



地下室和地面层的墙体围合成储物空间，同时也遮挡了来自前方房屋的视线。此外，它们也起到了引导作用，使用者沿着墙壁进入场地内部时遇到的对角墙向外延伸，引导目光投向邻近房屋间的开放空间，从而缓解在庭院式建筑中可能感受到的幽闭感。上方墙体由二层和阁楼构成，是一个关键的建筑元素，不仅承担着遮挡外部视线的基本功能，还实现了客户对其两个孩子之间隐私的要求。位于同一层但被上方墙体隔开的儿童空间，分别象征着韩式房屋中的“客卧”和“主卧”。

The lower walls, located at the basement and ground floor, primarily serve the practical function of storage while also shielding the view from the front house. In addition, they also serve as a guideline that guides entry and exit movements in the visually blocked building. The diagonal wall encountered when entering the interior of the site along the wall, which extends to the outside, directs the eye to the open space between the gaps of the neighboring houses, relieving the claustrophobic feeling that may be felt in a courtyard-style building. The upper wall, consisting of the second floor and an attic, is a key architectural element that not only serves the basic function of blocking the view from the outside but also realizes the client's request for privacy between their two children. The children's spaces, located on the same level but divided by the upper wall, symbolize the 'Sarang Chae' (guest building) and the 'anchor' (main building) of a hanok, a Korean-style house, respectively.



儿子的房间，所有视线都朝向场地外部，更加向外开放，类似于韩式房屋中的“客卧”；而女儿的房间则位于更内侧，结构相对封闭，类似于韩式房屋中的“主卧”，即女性的房间。儿子房间的角窗朝向周边的绿色景观，而女儿的房间则俯瞰内庭，为两个孩子提供了不同的景观朝向，同时由于窗户朝向不同，完全阻挡了彼此视线的干扰，从而解决了隐私问题。此外，从建筑中心看，上下墙的重叠创造了空间的深度，最大限度地提升了庭院的开放感，缓解了U型布局中可能产生的幽闭感。最终，上下墙是解决两个问题的最佳建筑方案：“如何闭合？”这是关于客户和邻居隐私需求的问题；“如何开放？”则是关于庭院式建筑开放性的问题。

The son's room, with all the views from the room directed at the outside of the site, is more open outward, like the 'sarangchae' of a hanok, while the daughter's room, which is located more inward, has a more introverted structure, like the 'anchae' of a hanok, the women's room. The son's room has a corner window that looks out onto the greenery surrounding the site, while the daughter's room looks out onto the inner courtyard, providing both children with natural scenery to enjoy from their respective rooms as well as the different orientations, completely blocking out interference from each other's views, thus solving the issue of privacy. Also, when viewed from the center of the building, the depth of space created by the overlapping of the upper and lower walls maximizes the openness of the courtyard, relieving the claustrophobic feeling that may be felt in a U-shaped layout. In the end, the upper and lower walls are the best architectural solution to two questions, 'How to close?', which is about the privacy needs of both the clients and neighbors, and 'How to open?', which is about the openness of the courtyard-style building.



U型布局——建筑采用“U”型布局在场地上有三个主要原因。客户的需求包括保护隐私、提供自然放松空间，以及一个可以用作画廊的生活空间。如果只是满足对自然的需求，还有很多其他布局形式可以选择，而不必局限于U型布局。然而，为了创造一个人们可以在其中舒适放松而不必担心周围视线的空间，阻挡邻近建筑视线的U型布局显得最为理想。此外，建筑师通过U型布局设计了一条稍长的走廊，这使得走廊也起到了画廊的功能，考虑到场地的城市环境和客户的需求，U型布局是建筑在场地上最自然的方式。

02.U-Shaped Layout -There are three main reasons why the building is set in a "U" shape on the site. The demands of the clients include the protection of privacy from neighbors, a natural relaxation space, and a space that can be used as a gallery instead of just a living space. If it were just a matter of satisfying the needs for nature, there would be many other arrangements besides the U shape. However, to create a space where people can relax comfortably without worrying about views from their surroundings, a U-shaped layout that blocks the view from neighboring buildings was optimal. In addition, we intentionally planned a slightly longer corridor through a U-shaped layout, which allows us to plan the longest corridor in the same land area, and designed a gallery wall around this corridor so that the space can also be used as a gallery rather than just a residential space. Given the urban context of the site and the needs of the clients, the U-shaped layout was the most natural way for the building to sit on the site.





庭院和水空间——庭院位于建筑的中心，内部视野多样，是营造整体氛围的主要空间，因此建筑师希望赋予其与建筑语言相似的质感，以创造统一感。经过这样的考虑，水空间是另一种建筑手法，既响应了客户希望将该空间用作画廊和生活空间的需求，也满足了在庭院式建筑中寻找最大开放感的需要。水面反射周围环境，创造出开放感，而水空间本身就像一件艺术作品，静静地坐落在房子的中心，让人在居住空间里感受到画廊的氛围。

03. Courtyard and Water Space- Located at the center of the building with various views available from the inside, the courtyard is the main space that sets the overall mood of the house, and thus, we wanted to give it a similar texture to the architectural language of the house to create a sense of unity. The water space chosen after such consideration is another architectural gesture that responds to the clients' demand to use the space as a gallery as well as a living space and to the need to find a maximum sense of openness in a courtyard-style building. The water that fills the courtyard reflects the surroundings on the surface, creating another sense of openness that cannot be found in the sky, and the water space is like a work of art in itself, sitting serenely in the center of the house, making it feel like a gallery space even though it is a residential space.



为了保持宜居性，建筑师在庭院中央稍微降低的地方放置了一块面板，从而构成水空间，其深度影响庭院的呈现：当水深较浅时，庭院看起来像一个普通的院子；但当水深超过位于庭院中央的板时，它就形成了一个完整的水空间。因此，深度可以根据客户的需求进行调整，从而使庭院能够以更多样的方式使用。

However, because a house is a residential space, after all, where people live, in consideration of the need for a normal yard, not a water space, a large slab was placed slightly lower in the center of the courtyard, and a water space was created around the slab, instead of planning the entire courtyard as a water space. Depending on the depth of the water space, the courtyard appears differently: when the water depth is shallow, it looks like an ordinary yard, but when the water depth is higher than the slab located at the center of the courtyard, it is created as a complete water space. Thus, the depth of the water space can be adjusted as desired according to the client's needs so that the courtyard can be used in a more diverse way.







立面的比例——由于场地的高差，地下室虽然并未完全埋入地下，但对路人而言却感觉像是地面层，因为地下室的部分是外露的。这使得这栋两层的房子在路人眼中看起来像是一栋三层建筑。再加上阁楼的高度，这栋建筑显得非常高大，给人一种压迫感，与周围独立住宅格格不入。建筑师希望创造一栋理解和尊重场地背景的建筑，因此努力让这栋建筑融入周围的景观，避免过于突出。为了保持独立住宅的比例感，建筑体量需要经过弱化，由于无法直接对体量进行分割，建筑师尝试通过立面的设计对体量感进行微调。地下室和二层使用红砖，而中间的一层则使用灰砖，这种材料的分离强调了体量的个性。不同材料的使用已经带来了非常明显的效果。二层和阁楼略微向外突出的部分与一层的灰色墙面形成了某种分离感，使其看起来在简单的体量分隔之外漂浮。因此，路人并不将这栋建筑视为一个三层的整体，而是看作一系列一层或二层尺度的体量。

04.Scaled Façade- Due to the height difference of the site, the basement floor, which is not completely underground, feels like a ground floor to pedestrians, although it is actually at a basement level. This is because the basement level is exposed, almost like one story of the building from the front street. This makes a two-story house look like a three-story building to pedestrians. This, combined with the height of the attic, could have made this building a very tall and overbearing building that would have been out of place in the landscape of the neighborhood of detached houses. As we wanted to create a building that understood and respected the context of the site, we worked hard to make the building fit into the surrounding landscape and blend in without standing out. In order to maintain a sense of scale as a detached house, the building needed to be perceived as a segmented mass rather than a huge monolithic mass, and it was not feasible to segment the mass at all, so we attempted to make a fine adjustment to the sense of scale of the building through the facade design. By using red bricks for the basement and second floors and gray bricks for the ground floor in between, the separation of materials primarily emphasizes the individuality of the mass. Just the use of different materials has led to very noticeable results. The mass of the second floor and attic, which protrude slightly more than the first floor, is both protruding and slightly separated from the gray walls of the first floor, making it appear to float beyond the simple separation of the mass. As a result, pedestrians do not perceive the building as a three-story mass but as a series of masses with a scale of one or two stories.



建筑师希望创造一栋既满足客户需求，又充分理解土地背景和状况的建筑。该场地四周被建筑包围，属于封闭型场地。在这种情况下，不仅要考虑客户的隐私，还要顾及邻居的隐私，因此建筑师选择的墙体是一种建筑语言，既保护了客户的隐私，同时又不让邻居感到被影响。墙体所分隔的内外空间超越了简单的空间划分，形成了一种存在于墙体之外的不同尺度的背景，这是建筑师所创造的空间感。墙体在城市背景中起到了保护邻居隐私的作用，同时也保护了两个孩子的隐私，并在墙体的建筑尺度内创造了空间的深度。最终，墙体既是建筑师创造的空间，也是对存在于墙体之外的不同尺度背景中每个需求的理解与回应的建筑手势。

We wanted to create a building that meets the needs of the clients and has a full understanding of the context and condition of the land. It is a closed site with buildings on all sides. In a condition where not only the privacy of the clients but also that of the neighbors had to be taken into consideration, the wall that we chose was an architectural language that protected the privacy of the clients and, at the same time, did not make the neighbors feel offended by the building's design. The inner and outer spaces separated by the wall transcend just a simple division of inside and outside and are rather a context of different scales that exist beyond the wall, the architectural standard we created. The wall works as a device to protect the privacy of the neighbors in the urban context beyond the wall and also as a device to protect the privacy of the two children and create a sense of depth in the space within the architectural scale of the wall. In the end, the wall is both an architectural standard that we have created and an architectural gesture that reads and responds to the needs of each in the context of the different scales that exist beyond the wall.





























建筑师：Kode Architects
类型：住宅
面积：456m²
时间：2023年
照片：Won-Jun Jang
首席建筑师：Min-Ho Kim
城市：Seongnam-si
国家：韩国

HOUSES SEONGNAM-SI,SOUTH KOREA
Architects: Kode Architects
Area: 456m²
Year: 2023
Photographs: Won-Jun Jang
Lead Architects: Min-Ho Kim
City: Seongnam-si
Country: South Korea