墨西哥 La Quebradora 水上公园： 设计公共空间，改善水资源管理
La Quebradora Water Park in Mexico: Designing Public Spaces to Improve Water Management

由专筑网王沛儒，小R编译

在墨西哥盆地实施水资源管理绿色基础设施项目的框架内，利用现有的公共空间，La Quebradora水上公园应用水利城市针灸提案。这个项目由墨西哥国立自治大学社会研究所团队开发，旨在通过基础设施、公园、城市和视角四个层面，将场地的渗透转化为良好水资源管理、公共空间创造和加强社会结构的地标建筑。为了解决这个地区面临的部分水资源和社会问题，这个提案将城市基础设施转变为社区的公共休闲、娱乐空间，这个地区人口稠密，公共空间稀缺。

那么，什么是水城针灸？它的主要目标是什么？正如Jaime Lerner所定义的：“在不干预总体规划的情况下，可以在特定区域进行快速改善，这就是我所说的城市针灸”。同时，俞孔坚谈到了海绵城市的作用，即通过梯田、池塘和堤坝截留和减少水流。这样，城市景观就成了一个活跃的系统，通过开放空间，可以吸收多余的水，在降雨时对雨水进行过滤，然后慢慢渗透到地下。

Within the framework of implementing green infrastructure projects for water management in the Basin of Mexico, utilizing existing public spaces, La Quebradora Water Park emerges as the first proposal for hydro-urban acupuncture. The project, developed by the team from the Institute of Social Research at UNAM, coordinated by Manuel Perló Cohen and Loreta Castro Reguera Mancera, aims to transform the site's infiltration into a landmark of good water management, public space creation, and strengthening of the social fabric through four levels: infrastructure, park, city, and viewpoint. Addressing part of the water and social issues facing the area, the proposal transforms urban infrastructure into a public and recreational space for the community in a densely populated area with scarce public spaces.
Now then, what is hydro-urban acupuncture? What are its key objectives? As defined by Jaime Lerner, "Without interfering in general planning, quick improvements can be made in specific areas, which is what I call urban acupuncture." Meanwhile, Kongjian Yu speaks about the role of sponge cities in retaining and reducing water flow through terraces, ponds, and dikes. In this way, the urban landscape becomes an active system that, through open spaces, can absorb excess water, retain it, filter it during rains, and gradually release it.



墨西哥城日渐严重的水资源管理问题，使其变得越来越不稳定，难以居住。多年来，水资源管理一直是墨西哥城的主要问题。墨西哥山谷盆地的矛盾点在于水资源紧张，但降雨量过多，给城市和自然环境以及居民都带来了严重影响。在城市的某些地区，这种情况更加糟糕，例如墨西哥城人口最多的伊兹塔帕拉帕区，这个区域集中了许多贫困、种族隔离和缺乏公共空间的居民。由于其地理位置原因，导致生活空间过度拥挤、缺乏城市规划，还有很多非正规住房等原因，使这个地区遭受洪水之苦和缺水之苦。

Day by day, Mexico City faces serious problems that make it increasingly precarious and difficult to live in, with water management being one of its main issues for years. Faced with a paradox of water stress and excessive rainfall, the Basin of the Valley of Mexico presents severe problems related to both the urban and natural environment, as well as its inhabitants. In some parts of the city, this situation worsens, such as in the Iztapalapa Borough, the most populated in Mexico City, which concentrates many people in poverty, segregation, and with few public spaces. Due to its geographical situation, which includes part of the Sierra Santa Catarina and what used to be Lake Texcoco, overcrowding, lack of urban planning, and the abundance of informal housing, have historically suffered from floods and water shortages.



La Quebradora水上公园按照墨西哥传统的景观设计方式，利用当地火山石墙壁搭建平台。在南北和东西方向上，一系列平台、广场和人行道在 3.8 公顷的场地上形成了不同的路线，结合当地特有的植被。此外，平台上还建有几座建筑，与公园相辅相成，包括书店/图书馆、工作室、体育设施和社区中心。

La Quebradora Water Park is situated on the site according to the traditional way of working with the landscape in Mexico, using platforms made of local volcanic stone walls. In a north-south and east-west orientation, a series of platforms, plazas, and walkways create various routes through a 3.8-hectare site, accompanied by a palette of endemic or locally adapted vegetation. Additionally, the platforms contain several buildings that complement the program, including a bookstore/library, workshops, sports facilities, and a community center.



这个项目从多个层面开展，力求解决这个地区产生的许多问题，惠及 28 000 名居民。此外，这些措施还旨在减轻洪灾，通过将水渗入土壤来改善水质，用当地特有树种将树木数量增加三倍，可以方便行人通行，改善公共交通。

The project operates on different levels, seeking to solve many of the problems generated in the area and benefiting 28,000 inhabitants. Additionally, it aims to mitigate floods, improve water quality by infiltrating it into the subsoil, triple the number of trees using endemic species, facilitate pedestrian mobility, and improve accessibility to public transportation, among other issues.



这个提案由墨西哥国立自治大学在 2013 年至 2017 年间制定，涉及一项密集的研究计划，包含不同学科之间的合作，还要面临复杂的政治环境。这个项目于 2017 年开工，但在 2018 年大选后停工。后来，工程于 2019 年恢复，两年后落成。虽然项目的一些重要组成部分被舍弃了，比如用于洗手间的带有 PTAR 和湿地的废水处理系统，以及可以实现能源的可持续发展的太阳能电池板，但即便如此，这个项目仍然是具有开创性的一个重要先例。

Developed by UNAM between 2013 and 2017, the proposal involved an intense research program, incorporating collaboration between different disciplines and facing the complexity of the political environment. Its construction began in 2017 but was halted after the 2018 elections. However, due to the efforts made during the design phase to involve the community in the project, the work resumed in 2019, and after two years, it was inaugurated. Although some important components of the project were omitted, such as the wastewater treatment system with a PTAR and wetlands for reuse in restrooms or the elimination of solar panels to achieve energy sustainability, the project set an important precedent.







La Quebradora 更名为 Utopía Atzintli，成为2018 年至 2024 年伊兹塔帕拉帕区地方政府项目的一部分，这个项目促进了废弃区域的改造。这个公园每周接待约 7000 名游客，是一个调节和渗透雨水径流的空间。此外，它还是文化、体育和娱乐活动的聚集地，还包括一个保护和援助受暴力侵害妇女的空间。2018 年，这个项目获得了 Holcim 可持续建筑奖的全球金奖和拉丁美洲地区金奖，还获得了 CAF 和其他机构的多项表彰。

La Quebradora changed its name to Utopía Atzintli, becoming part of the local government program of the Iztapalapa district from 2018 to 2024, which promotes the transformation of abandoned areas into similar projects. Receiving around 7,000 visitors per week, the park functions as a space for regulating and infiltrating rainwater runoff. Additionally, it serves as a gathering place for cultural, sports, and recreational activities and includes a space for the protection and assistance of women victims of violence. In 2018, it was awarded the Global Gold Medal and the Latin America Region Gold Medal of the Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction and has also received several recognitions from CAF and other institutions.