© Design Workshop

由专筑网天翼，刘庆新编译

奥马哈有着高低起伏的群山地形、广阔的平原、天然形成的峭壁和蜿蜒的密苏里河，当地原始的聚居形态也和这美丽如画的自然风貌相融合并逐渐被“城市土著”这一具有地方特色的变化形式所取代。

假如将这7000平方英尺边界内的公共广场进行抽象化的话，将会得到四大景观形态：山丘、平原、河流和峭壁。这四种形态结合在一起形成了一种新颖的、表达当地特色的公共空间形态。同时，这个广场也为新Bluebarn剧院、小意大利区的居民、场地南部附近的居民以及奥马哈内较大型居住区的居民提供了一个非常良好的环境。

Defined by its undulating topographic mounds, expansive plains, natural bluffs and the meandering Missouri River, Omaha’s original settlement patterns responded to this picturesque landscape and gave way to the native translation of “city of mound dwellers.” When abstracted within the boundaries of a 7,000 square foot public plaza these four landscapes – mound, plain, river and bluff – unite to create an innovative public space indicative of its greater region, and one which provides numerous benefits for the new Bluebarn Theater, the residents of Little Italy/Near South Side and the greater community of Omaha.


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© Design Workshop


© Design Workshop

18° Off North广场，充分利用了原有场地的物力性质、历史和天际线视角，这刚好直接迎合了公众关注的三大点：周围邮政附属建筑的噪音；狂风和太阳的暴晒；无障碍通行。

广场中的“峭壁”墙以一种十分创新的形式解决了噪音的问题并保证了游人有足够的舒适感，同时通过它特有的造型，形成了两个独特且兼具实用性的空间，人们在其中还可以观赏到城市的美景。游人从外围街道都可以很方便快捷地到达场地内的水池、草坪、山丘这些主观景点。

设计团队十分注重创造强有力的公园边缘-外围城市的衔接关系。该项目沿着太平洋街（Pacific Street），重新规划了道路边线，在现有的人行道的右侧加宽了50%，形成了一条人行漫步道，两侧都种植有行道树、生物保留单元格等。同时场地内的植物缓冲区还可以缓解暴雨时场地内部70%的雨洪压力。

18° Off North leverages the site’s physical qualities, history and skyline views – while directly responding to the public’s three biggest concerns – noise from the adjacent the postal annex, the exposure to sun and wind and pedestrian movement free of obstacles. The “bluff” wall proposes a creative solution to addressing aspects of noise and human comfort while also using its form to capture views to downtown, creating two distinct and usable spaces. The sky mirror, lawn and mound are conveniently accessed from the periphery street edge. The design team also focused on the creation of strong urban edges for this park. Along Pacific Street the creation of a promenade of street trees and bio-retention cells and a realignment of the curb line create a 50% increase in the current pedestrian realm along the right of way. The vegetated buffer has the capacity to capture 70% of stormwater that falls on the site.


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山丘：位于11街和太平洋街的夹角处，人们可以通过倾斜的草坪到达山丘的最高点，在这里人们所处的高度高于四周的环境，因此人们可以领略到奥马哈周围城市里非常美丽的天际线景观。由于有峭壁和变压器墙，山丘的最高点至少高出了街道10英尺并且比整个公园的最低点高了13英尺。如果这里作为表演场地进行演出的话，它还能够提供一个高起的视角保证人们可以观看到下面的一举一动。超过300立方码的材料被回收利用成为了现在的沥青停车场，在未来还可能被用作进行景观地形的填充。

平原：平原的设想来源于区域内低洼的景观，就位于密苏里河旁，平原景观上以草坪为基础，有一个防风屏和梯田式、具有当地特色的草原景观。平原区域作为内部场所的外部延伸，和舞台设在了同一轴线上。整体草坪区域为游人额外提供了2800平方英尺的活动空间以供日常活动或举办重大事件。这一系列的景观效果都是一步步围绕着草坪展开的，在功能方面则提供了150个额外的座椅保证外部和内部有足够的座位观看演出。其比建筑地板高出了大约2英尺。草坪很好地将城市和公园衔接在一起， 并提供了一个抬高的座位区，可以容纳110人观看室内的演出。

河流：位于峭壁的底部，并形成了底部空间的天然背景。几何形状的“天空之镜”以旁边的密苏里河外原型，将不断变幻着形式、移动着的反射光和声音传递给公共区域。该区域设计了一层很薄的水面和一组流行喷气式飞机，这些物体不仅为游人呈现出了可反光的视觉盛宴，同时还为所有年龄段的有人创造了一个聚集的、交互式的场所，人们在这里还可以获得丝丝凉意来缓解这片区域夏季的高温酷暑。当这里没有水的时候，这面镜子就像一个平台一样可供室外演出使用，成为一个跳舞、演奏、看电影的区域。因为平台和Bluebarn的室内舞台是位于同一轴线上的，因此这个平台也将室内建筑中舞台和观众的感觉延伸到了公园之中。

峭壁：一面巨大的墙，被称之为“峭壁”是这公共场所中非常好辨认的一个标志物，为游人提供了一个开放、自然的景象。峭壁定位于18°以北，和奥马哈城市眺望的景观相对。峭壁将Bluebarn电影院从建筑语言通过一种很诗意也很束缚的形式融入进了周边的环境之中。设计者不断探索寻找远眺和庇护的概念，设计出来的峭壁夸张了场地现有的地形，进而创造出了两个分开的并且都非常实用的沟通交流空间。

MOUND | Rising from the corner of 11th and Pacific, a tilted meadow culminates into a promontory space where the public is elevated above the surrounding landscape to celebrate the dramatic skyline views to nearby downtown Omaha. Held by the bluff and the transformer walls, the high point rests 10 feet above the street corner and 13 feet above the lower park. During performances, it also offers a promontory view of the actions occurring below. More than 300 cubic yards of material are reused from the deconstruction of the existing Asphalt parking and will be used as the fill material for these landform elements.
PLAIN | The plain abstracts the region’s low-lying landscapes witnessed along the Missouri river and includes a plinth of lawn, a windbreak screen, and a terraced native prairie. Organized as an extension of the interior and set on axis with the stage, the lawn provides an additional 2800 square feet of flexible space for everyday and event activities. A series of monolithic landscape steps surround the lawn and function as 150 additional seats for both interior and exterior performances. Elevated approximately two feet above the building’s finished floor, the lawn maintains a strong relationship to the park’s urban edge and provides an elevated overflow seating area large enough for 110 people to view interior performances.
RIVER | Located at the base of the bluff and forming the backdrop to the lower space, a geometric “sky mirror” references the nearby Missouri River and introduces the ever-changing pattern and movement of reflected light and sound into the public space. Designed with a thin sheet of water and a set of pop jets, the feature not only offers reflective visual drama, but creates an interactive venue for individuals of all ages to gather and to find cooling relief from the region’s intense summer heat. When water is not present, the mirror functions as a platform for a fully outdoor performance space for dance, music and theater. Located on-axis with the Bluebarn’s interior stage, the platform extends the stage/audience rhythm from inside the building into the park.
BLUFF | A monolithic wall, referred to as “the bluff” is envisioned to be the recognized icon of the public space, offering a public and nature spectacle for park goers. Oriented 18 degrees off north to align with distant views of Downtown Omaha, the bluff transitions the architectural vocabulary of the Bluebarn Theater into its surrounding context through a poetic yet restrained intervention. Exploring the concept of prospect and refuge, the bluff amplifies the site’s existing topographic relief in order to create two distinct and usable community spaces.


© Design Workshop


© Design Workshop

峭壁的一个面是凹进去的，其独一无二的弧线设计其实提供了十分丰富的听觉、美学效果，并且设计得也十分人性化。这面墙，将电影院内的活动范围延伸到了公园中创造了一种新型的“社会交流”形式，每个人通过和水面、墙以及其它个体的交互活动都会成为自己的演员。

黄昏时刻，蓝色的灯管还会赋予板式混凝土墙生命感，将戏剧梦幻性的视觉效果延伸到黄昏之中。当公园举办演出的时候，这个设计还可以捕捉和反射声音到场地之中。而且，峭壁放置的角度还可以很好地缓解该地区夏季的炎热和冬季的寒风。

Concave in its form, the inherent design of the bluff’s unique arc provides multiple acoustic, aesthetic and human comfort qualities. Creating a “community conversation,” the wall extends the life of the theater, inviting the public to become their own performer as they interact with the water, wall and other individuals. At dusk, blue lights bring the board-form concrete wall to life, extending the dramatic visual drama into the evening. When the park is used for performances, the design captures and reflects the sounds throughout the space. Furthermore, the bluff’s orientation provides important relief from the region’s intense summer heat and winter winds.


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和奥马哈四周环绕的种满草的小山丘相对应，密植了红橡树的小树林在其上投射下了斑斑点点的阴影，在秋天的那几个月中还会在整个公园中呈现出非常美丽的视觉效果。

这种种植的形式其实是在向美国中西部著名的景观设计师Jens Jensen致敬，这位设计师非常喜欢用红橡树，经常会在场地中种上很多。红橡树在夕阳的照射下，会显出一种火一样的颜色效果。

整体浇灌而成的混凝土基座从地形中延伸出来，沿着公园的边界为游人提供了更多的座位以供休息。

Referencing the vegetated hills surrounding Omaha, a grove of densely spaced Red Oaks provides dappled shade, transforming into a visual spectacle during autumn months throughout all aspects of the park. The planting gesture pays homage to the famous Midwest landscape architect Jens Jensen, who favored red oaks, often placing them in areas which received western sunlight, causing a fire-like planting gesture. Monolithic concrete plinths extend from the landform, providing additional seating opportunities along the park’s edge.


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在冬天的这几个月之中，按照设计意向该场地的上方和下方都会成为奥马哈地区游人活动的主要场所。由于它北面的地形以及较缓的坡度，上面的部分为在这里游玩的儿童提供了一个小型的滑雪山丘。冬天的时候，峭壁还为游人的各种活动形成了一个庇护场所，可以进行雪雕展或者展出一些现代艺术家的作品。设计团队还设计了12个月中该场所可进行的活动项目，内容很广，从冬天的雪雕到季节性的灯光展都有。

During the winter months, both upper and lower spaces were envisioned to be key assets for the community of Omaha. With its northern aspect and gentle slope, the upper park provides a small sledding hill for children of the area. Within the winter space, the bluff acts a shelter for activities such as snow sculpting and display of works by temporal artists. The design team proposed 12 months of programed activities within the space that ranges from winter sculpture competitions to seasonal lighting shows.


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白天的时候，可移动的桌子和椅子在场地中随即摆放着，赋予整个场地活力，并保证游人们在不同的时间既可以沐浴到阳光也可以在阴影中乘凉。

傍晚，峭壁周围蓝色的灯光会给市民和游客营造一种很凉爽的感觉。在正常高度的地方，草坪可供室外演出、慈善事业(包括艺术盛宴、电影之夜和雪雕大会等等)。因为这片平地区域是位于电影院和峭壁之间的，因此也很好地保证了售票演出和私人聚会的安全性。公园南面的视线终点，种上了一排圆柱形的树同时还设计了台地式的草坪，不仅暗指了当地原有的农业防风林，也很好地遮挡了外部相邻的停车场。

During the day, movable tables and chairs are dispersed throughout, activating the space and enabling individuals to access sun and shade depending on the time of day. At evening, the ambient blue light of the bluff creates a cool vibe for citizens and visitors to congregate. Primarily level, the lawn offers an entertainment venue for outdoor performances, philanthropic events, speaking engagements and year-round community cultural events, including art festivals, film nights and snow sculpting contests. Situated between the bluff and the Bluebarn Theater, the plain may be easily secured along the street edge to allow for ticketed performances and/or private events. Serving as a visual terminus along the park’s southern edge, a row of columnar trees and terraced prairie references the region’s agricultural windbreaks while screening views to the adjacent parking lot.


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广袤的内布拉斯加自然风光被抽象成了一系列的、亲密的、弹性的公共空间，以供更多类人群使用。由于渴望更大的社区空间，土地的拥有者、社区的居民都被规划到了这个很小的口袋公园的方案之中。

由于场地的设计和材料的选择都十分简约，因此后期的维护也会比较容易进行。虽然公园只有整个街区的四分之一那么大，但是设计在视觉上却很严谨地创造了一个具有纪念意义而且新潮的公共空间，并在未来的几十年中都会为奥马哈这个城市以及他的公民们服务。

The vast Nebraskan Landscape is abstracted into a series of intimate and flexible public spaces that serve a variety of users. The desires of the larger community, the land owner, and the neighborhood residents can be accounted for through the implementation of this small pocket park. Simple in its design and material selection the space will be easily maintained and though only a quarter of a city block the design is visually striking creating a memorable and lasting space that will serve Omaha for decades to come.


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18°以北|城市绿地
地点：美国，内布拉斯加州，奥马哈
建筑设计事务所：Design Workshop公司（Mike Albert, Anna Cawrse, Joshua Brooks, Kurt Culbertson, Adam Mekis, Steven Spears, Andy Wisniewski）

18° Off North | Green in the City
Location | Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Design Firm | Design Workshop, Inc.
Mike Albert, Anna Cawrse, Joshua Brooks, Kurt Culbertson, Adam Mekis, Steven Spears, Andy Wisniewski

出处：本文译自worldlandscapearchitect.com/，转载请注明出处。