战斗区的军事庇护所/Iowa graduate students-居住建筑|庇护所-专筑网

战斗区的军事庇护所/Iowa graduate students

2016-04-19 14490 Views 紫云蓝雨

建筑, 居住建筑, 庇护所, 阿富汗, Iowa graduate students, 混凝土, 帐篷

Iowa graduate students design military shelters for combat zones to help soldiers feel safer

由专筑网Yumi，刘庆新编译

爱荷华州立大学的设计研究生为庇护所创建了概念方案，给在阿富汗战斗的美国士兵提供住所，给他们一种安全感。

Graduate design students at Iowa State University have created conceptual schemes for shelters that would house US soldiers fighting in Afghanistan and help give them a sense of safety.

该方案被设计作为新的工作室的一部分，称为“火海情涛”，工作室由 Lee Cagley领导设计，他是教授兼学校室内设计系主任。

Cagley要求学生模拟战斗前哨或者COPs场景，从而设想在预计2022年驻扎在阿富汗的士兵们的生活境况。

The schemes were produced as part of a new studio called In Harm's Way, led by Lee Cagley, a professor and chair of the school's interior design department.
Cagley asked students to conceive combat outposts, or COPs, for soldiers based in Afghanistan in the near future. The year proposed was 2022.

“从电视上看见PTSD（创伤后精神失调）状况，我已经在这个项目上研究很多年了，”Cagley在学校的网站上说到。

“从伊拉克和阿富汗返回的士兵形象地讲述着事实，他们永远不能放松，因为前哨帐篷从来没有安全感。”

"I've been working on this for several years, since watching a TV feature on PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder)," said Cagley on the university's website.
"Soldiers returning from Iraq and Afghanistan spoke eloquently about the fact that they were never able to relax; the outpost tents never felt really safe."

“那些人给我的感觉是，他们谈论的基本上是一个内部设计的问题——作战前哨的环境不能给军队的情感以支持，”Cagley 补充。

该项目建造得很匆忙，典型的战斗前哨是由立即可用的材料制作的。有时士兵会占领一座废弃的建筑物，而不是建造一个新的COP。

"It struck me that what they were talking about was fundamentally an interior design problem – the combat outpost environment wasn't supporting the troops emotionally," Cagley added.
Constructed in a hurry, combat outposts are typically made of materials that are immediately available. Sometimes soldiers will occupy an abandoned building rather than build a new COP.

学生被要求设计的庇护所，需要更好地提现出生理和情感的舒适。

所需要的建筑物包括住宿、餐饮、洗衣和医疗设施，以及容纳约120名士兵整体更复杂的需要。一个美国军事公司通常由80到250名士兵组成。

Students were charged with designing shelters that would provide greater physical and emotional comfort.
The buildings needed to include lodging, dining, laundry and medical facilities, and the entire complex needed to accommodate about 120 soldiers. An American military company typically consists of 80 to 250 soldiers.

“我们决定项目的位置选在阿富汗，靠近德拉兰，几条干道在这里交接，来自山上的河流一直向北流淌，”Cagley说。

学生的方案总共有7个，它们在项目的形式、布局和材料上有很大的不同。

"The location we settled on was near Delaram, in Afghanistan, at the junction of several arterial roads and a riverbed from the mountains to the immediate north," Cagley said.
The student's schemes, of which there are seven in total, vary widely in terms of form, layout and materials.

学生Zhenru Zhang设想了一系列减震加固混凝土制作的六角形结构。该综合体将包含一个地下禅中心，有祈祷和冥想的空间。

“他的COP解决方案有最小的便携性，但是建造却很方便，对于弹道性能有很高程度的依赖，从事实上和心理上来讲，它是最‘安全’的，”Cagley说。

Student Zhenru Zhang conceived a series of hexagonal structures made of shock-absorbing reinforced concrete. The complex would contain an underground zen centre, with space for prayer and meditation.
"His COP solution is the least portable, but still quite simple to erect and with the reliance upon a high degree of ballistics resistance, it's the most ‘safe' both actually and psychologically," said Cagley.

学生Yongyeon Cho 设想了一个开阔的通风结构，用屋盖遮蔽。三角形的天窗带来了自然光线，同时也提供了星空夜景。

睡眠区用大屋顶覆盖，位于高楼上。卧室没有天花板，创造一个开放和通风的环境。阁楼式的卧室也将采用木材饰面、柔和的面板，并装有高架床。

Student Yongyeon Cho envisioned an airy structure with an expansive, faceted canopy. Triangular skylights would bring in natural light while also providing views of the starry sky.
The sleeping area would be covered by the large canopy that sits high overhead. The bedrooms would have no ceilings, creating an open and airy environment. The loft-style bedrooms would also feature wood finishes, a soft colour palette, and elevated beds.

“室内空间被统一在一个两层系列的独立住宅中，方便建造，而小公寓有永久性的感觉，”Cagley描述。

学生Josh Kassing设计了一个有屋顶的综合体，效仿山地地形。半透明墙板将用氮氧化铝制作，提供“一种开放意识，能够轻松承受50口径的子弹的伤害”。

"His interior spaces are united in a two-storey series of individual dwellings that are easily portable but have the permanent feel of tiny condos," described Cagley.
Student Josh Kassing designed a complex with a rooftop that resembles a mountainous terrain. Translucent wall panels would be made of aluminum oxinitride and provide "a sense of openness while able to easily withstand a direct hit from a .50-caliber round".

建筑将被建造在长方形、中心花园周围，配有健身和休息设施。室内设计采用现代风格，睡眠单元空间将包含墨菲式床、折叠桌和小衣柜。

为了帮助启发他们的设计概念，学生们采访了大学里的后备军官训练队ROTC，这是一个联邦项目，训练大学生成为美国军方官员。

Buildings would be organised around a long, central courtyard with exercise and lounge facilities. The interior design features modern decor, and sleeping units would contain Murphy-bed-style cots, folding desks and small closets.
To help inform their design concepts, the students interviewed members of the university's Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC), a federal program that trains college students to become US military officers.

他们还参加了Dodge营地，一个附近的陆军基地，在那里他们研究了一个用于训练的战斗前哨。

学生们也和一位退休空军土木工程技术员Joseph Pasquantino合作，在服役期间，Joseph Pasquantino在发生冲突的区域帮助设计和建立帐篷城市。

They also toured Camp Dodge, a nearby Army base, where they studied a combat outpost that was used for training.
The students also worked with a retired Air Force civil engineering technician, Joseph Pasquantino, who helped design and set up tent cities in conflict zones during his time in the service.

“任何被分配任务的人都知道，这里没有隐私，不能逃避这份工作，”Pasquantino 告诉这所大学的学生。“军方努力试图提供一些休息和放松，但是在几天里没有帮上什么忙，”

学校希望能从美国国防部获得资助，为设计和建造几种全尺寸的模型提供资金。模型将在2017年的春天建在Dodge营地。

"Anyone who has been deployed knows there is no privacy, no escape from the job,” Pasquantino told the university. "And as hard as the military tries to provide some rest and relaxation, a few days here and there really doesn't help,"
The school hopes to secure a grant from the US Department of Defense to fund the design and construction of several full-scale prototypes. The prototypes would be built at Camp Dodge in the spring of 2017.