9个每日活动能提升你的空间智能
9 Everyday Activities to Increase Your Spatial Intelligence

由专筑网严越，韩平编译

建筑师设计并组织空间，可以说，没有空间，就没有建筑。因此空间智能对建筑师的重要性不言而喻。空间智能，是指准确感知视觉空间及周围一切事物，并且能把所感觉到的形象以图画的形式表现出来的能力。幸运的是，空间智能是可以通过训练习得并提升的，不是天生就注定的或通过父母遗传而获得的。练习的越多，进步也就越大。所以为何不让这训练变的有趣且简单，简单到甚至在日常生活中就能训练。本文就为大家介绍9项可以提高你的空间智能日常活动，从绘画到语言甚至是游戏。

Architects design and organize spaces; without space, there is no architecture. So it goes without saying, therefore, that spatial intelligence is of high importance to architects. Luckily for us, spatial intelligence is not something you’re inherently gifted at or just “born with,” it’s something that can be trained and improved through practice. More practice means more advancement, so why not make it enjoyable and easy—easy enough even to do in your everyday life? From drawing to speaking to engaging in play, here are 9 everyday activities to improve your spatial intelligence.
  

1. 使用空间的词汇

研究表明让孩子多接触大量的空间词汇能增强他们的空间智能。在你的日常生活中尝试着使用更为精确的空间描述代替“这里”、“那里”，例如“橱柜顶端的右边”，或者“左起第三个盒子后面”。既便于像他人描述，你又会自发地想象空间。一个句子的基本构成就能提高你的空间智能。

1. Using Spatial Vocabulary
Some studies indicate that exposing children to a wide variety of spatial vocabulary increases their spatial intelligence.[1] Instead of using “here” or “there” in your everyday language, try being more specific in your spatial descriptions, such as “on the top shelf of the cupboard to the right,” or “the third to the left behind the box”. It will make you visualize the spaces yourself in order to describe it to others, an essential component to increasing your spatial intelligence.

2. 下棋

下棋时提前想好接下来的几步棋，总是个不错的策略。但是要做到这个，你必须在不移动任何棋子的情况下，想象后面每一步，不断变化的棋盘排列。在脑海里同时形成并记忆多个空间组合需要大量的联系，但也是在要比较多个选择时所需要的技能。

3. 玩乐高积木

提到“空间探索”，你或许也会联想到乐高积木。没有比手里拿着乐高的模块零件然后想出具有创意的拼接方式更有趣的游戏了。如今，如果你想到一个足够有趣的乐高拼接组合，可以大量投入生产，让其他人来自我挑战。

2. Playing Chess
Thinking a few steps ahead is always a good strategy when playing chess. However, in order to do this, you must visualize the changing composition of the board, step by step, without moving a single chess piece. Generating and retaining multiple spatial combinations in your mind at once takes a lot of practice, but is a great skill when needing to compare several options.
3. Playing with LEGO
Think “spatial exploration” and you’ll probably also think “LEGO.” No fun activity is more spatially educational than actually holding modular elements in your hands and coming up with creative ways of putting them together. These days, if you come up with a spatial combination that is interesting enough, it could even be put into production for others to spatially challenge themselves.

4. 使用记忆宫殿

很多人主张空间和记忆在本质上是相关联的，记忆宫殿显然支持这一说法。比如在心里走过一系列的空间，比如你的公寓，你把物体、数字、名字和一连串的东西和个人空间联系在一起。记忆可以变得很有趣从背电话号码到购物清单，而且这能帮你恢复空间的习得知识。

5. 玩电子游戏

空间智能最基本的训练就是在电子或电脑游戏里辨明方向。最近更有一个专门来测试空间感知的游戏。既然我们对建筑的体系如此有兴趣，何不尝试一下乐高积木的线上虚拟版，比如Minecraft？ 那些游戏的积极份子早就完成了一长串的Minecraft里的建筑奇迹，在游戏的世界里，你能不受物理法则限制的，去定义和改变属于你的空降造物。

4. Use Memory Palaces
Many people argue that space and memory are essentially connected, and memory palaces certainly support that argument. By mentally walking through a series of spaces, such as the rooms in your apartment, you link objects, numbers, names or any list of things you need to remember to the individual spaces. It’s a fun way to remember anything from phone numbers to today’s grocery list, and it trains you to retrieve and recount spatial knowledge.

5. Play Video Games
Navigating through a video or computer game is often used as one of the primary examples of how to train one’s spatial intelligence. One recently released game was even designed specifically to test spatial perception; or, seeing as we are specifically interested in the discipline of architecture, why not try a virtual parallel to LEGO, such Minecraft? Active members already have a long list of Minecraft spatial wonders, but the unrestricted world allows you to experiment beyond our rules of physics to define and transform your own spatial creations.

6. 遥控无人机

如果你厌倦了坐在电脑前玩游戏，控制一架无人驾驶飞机是一个完美的替代方式。只使用几个操纵杆就能控制一个飞行物体通过空间，可比它听起来难的多。无人机的飞行方向在不断变化，迫使你要同时引导和跟踪无人机的旋转以正确定位它。它是需要你实时进行空间预判。

7. 创建你的城市认知地图

使用谷歌地图和其他 GPS 系统是很轻松容易的，频繁使用它们限制了我们创建自己的认知地图的能力。试着克制住下次用app来规划路线冲动，而去用你对于城市或当地的了解来构建路线。

8. 决难题

或者，如果你离不开你的手机，尝试下载能提高你对空间的推理，锻炼大脑的app，如Lumosity。如果你不使用手机，把手机换成别的东西一段时间，试着解决一个魔方。谜题，现实或虚拟的都是对空间智能极好的训练。

6. Fly a Drone
If you’re tired of sitting in front of a computer, flying a drone is a perfect alternative to playing a video game. Steering a flying object through space with just the use of a few joysticks is harder than it sounds. The direction in which the drone is flying is constantly changing, forcing one to simultaneously steer and track the drone’s rotation in order to correctly orient it. It’s a mental rotation test in real time.

7. Create a Mental Map of Your City
Google Maps and other GPS systems that are so easily accessibly on-the-go have limited our abilities to create our own mental maps. Try resisting the urge to plan your route through an app the next time you have an outing, and use your own knowledge of your city or local area to construct your own routes.

8. Solve Puzzles
Alternatively, if you can’t stay away from your phone, try downloading brain testing apps that are designed to improve your spatial reasoning, such as Lumosity. If you can get your hands away from your phone and replaced with something else for a while, try solving a Rubik's Cube. Puzzles, both physical and virtual, can be excellent training for your spatial intelligence.

9. 速写

最后，作为一个建筑师当然离不开速写和手绘。我们喜欢涂鸦，何不从中学点什么？试着从各种角度、透视画一个几何体的三视图。可以画一个让朋友来解开的复杂迷宫，比如你公寓的空间记忆平面图。练得越多做得越好，贵在坚持。所以乐在其中很重要。

图片：Ariana Zilliacus

9. Sketching
Finally, as architects, we cannot leave out sketching. We all love doodling, so why not get some learning out of it? Try drawing three-dimensional geometry from a variety of angles, perspective exercises, funky mazes for your friends to solve, a memorized plan of your own apartment, or imaginary spaces. The more you practice, the better you become, but consistency is key. That’s why is so important that you have fun doing it.


参考：

Dewar, Gwen. “Spatial Intelligence in Children: Why Training Matters,” 2011-2016.
Lohman, David F. “Spatial Ability and G,” July 8, 1993.


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。