Image © Ruijing Photo
如何利用照明设计放大空间感受
How to Virtually Enlarge Spaces Using Good Lighting
由专筑网Zia，小R编译
照明是室内设计的基本要素，它可以表达室内空间的大小和材质感受。然而，良好的照明对于较小或较拥挤的空间也尤为重要，即使空间的实际尺寸没有改变，也能让人感觉空间更大、更开阔。反过来说，照明不好的大空间可能会让人感觉更小，更压抑。为了让室内感觉宽敞明亮，设计师可以采用几种方法来充分利用空间，包括使用合适的灯罩和灯具类型，将其放置在最佳位置，以及整合其他元素来补充现有照明。下面列出了这些策略及其应用实例。
使用多种光源
许多住宅室内装饰都陷入了一个误区，那就是用一盏居中的天花板灯为房间照明。这种照明方式会造成角落阴影，使房间光线不均匀，让人感觉房间变小，甚至可能使眼睛疲劳。设计师不应使用单一的天花板灯，而应使用分布在整个房间的多个光源。房间的功能、大小和设计会要求不同的照明位置和强度，但设计师在布置多个光源时可以遵循几条通用规则：
One of the most essential aspects of interior design is lighting – an element that can make or break an interior space of any size or material. Yet good lighting can be especially important for smaller or more crowded spaces, making them feel larger and more open even when their literal dimensions haven’t changed. In turn, larger spaces with poor lighting may feel smaller and less welcoming than they have the potential to be. To make interiors feel aptly large and well lit, designers can rely on several tried and true methods that make the most of a space, from using the right shades and types of lights to placing them in the best locations to integrating other elements that best complement existing lighting. These strategies, as well as several examples of their application, are listed below.
Use Multiple Light Sources
Many residential interiors fall into the trap of lighting a room with a single, centered ceiling light. This type of lighting creates corner shadows and lights the room unevenly, making it feel smaller and potentially even straining the eyes. Instead of using a single ceiling light, designers should employ multiple light sources distributed throughout the room. The function, size, and design of the room will call for different light locations and intensities, but designers can follow several generalized rules when placing their multiple light sources:
© Yasuhiro Nakayama
© Adria Goula
© Yasuhiro Nakayama
在角落放置照明灯
一般来说，幽暗会让人感觉空间变小，而明亮则会让人感觉空间变大。当角落被阴影笼罩时，房间就会显得收缩。角落里的灯光，无论是吸顶灯还是精心布置的灯具，都能确保房间的整个地面区域都被照亮，使房间看起来至少和实际面积一样大。
Place Lights in Corners
Generally, darkness makes a space feel smaller, while lightness makes it feel larger. When corners are shrouded in shadows, the room appears to contract. Lights in corners, whether they are ceiling lights or strategically placed lamps, will make sure the entire floor area of the room is illuminated, making it appear at least as large as it actually is.
© Brandon Shigeta
© Elsa Young
© Elsa Young
实施分层照明
角落照明和其他天花板照明通常属于"一般照明"的范畴。不过，设计师可以采用三种不同的照明方式：一般照明、特殊照明和环境照明。一般照明可保持室内总体光线充足，而特定照明则可让用户更好地观察书桌或台面等特定位置，而环境照明则更多地起到装饰作用。以这种方式分层照明可确保满足上述三种需求。因此，在房间里分配光源时，设计师应考虑到这三个"层次"。特定照明的例子包括厨房的橱柜底灯或浴室的梳妆台灯。环境灯光可以是蜡烛、嵌入式灯具、装饰灯或装饰品。
Implement Layered Lighting
Corner lighting and other ceiling lights will typically fall into the category of “general lighting.” However, designers should typically employ three different kinds of light: general lighting, specific lighting, and ambient lighting. General lighting keeps the room generally well lit, while specific lighting allows users to see better at specific points of interest such as desks or countertops. In turn, ambient lighting fulfills a more decorative function. Layering lighting in this way ensures that all three of these needs are met. Thus, when distributing light sources around a room, designers should consider all three of these ‘layers.’ Examples of specific lighting include under cabinet lighting in kitchens or vanity lights in bathrooms. Ambient lights could be candles, recessed lights, or decorative lamps or statement pieces.
© Hongyue Wang
Courtesy of Limu Design Studio
Courtesy of Limu Design Studio
添加嵌入式照明灯
嵌入式灯具有特殊的意义，因为它们能让空间变得更大。嵌入式灯的定义是直接安装在天花板、墙壁或其他表面内的灯具，它们可以在不占用额外空间的情况下增加额外的光线。这些灯具对天花板较低的房间特别有用，因为悬挂灯或非嵌入式天花板灯具会让垂直方向的空间感觉更小。通过嵌入式灯具，设计师节约了空间，这可以使狭小的房间大为改观。
Add Recessed Lights
Recessed lights are of particular significance because they literally make a space larger. Defined as lights installed directly inside a ceiling, wall, or other surface, they add extra light without taking up extra space. These fixtures are particularly useful for rooms with low ceilings, as hanging lights or non-recessed ceiling fixtures can make a vertically condensed space feel even smaller. By recessing the lights, designers increase the amount of open space, which can make a big difference in a small room.
© Christopher Rollett
© Ruy Teixeira
使用洗墙灯
洗墙灯是将光线引向房间的墙壁，通过照亮墙壁的边界，无形中扩大了空间。它还可以用来将视线引向某些积极的设计方面，如艺术品或其他建筑特征。嵌入式照明是洗墙灯的一种应用，是一种双重有效的策略。另一种方法是安装轨道灯，可以手动将其打向墙壁。
Wash Walls with Light
Washing walls means directing light toward a room’s walls, which virtually expands the space by lightening its boundaries. It can also be used to direct the gaze toward certain positive design aspects, such as artwork or other architectural features. Recessed lighting is one way to wash walls, making it a doubly effective strategy. Another way is to install track lighting, which can be manually directed toward walls.
© Brandon Shigeta
Image © Ruijing Photo
© Kim Jae-Kyeong
© Benjamin Benschneider
在高天花板上使用吊灯
引导视线不仅适用于墙面，还可以用来突出高高的天花板。吊灯会将视线向上引，让使用者注意到高高的天花，从而进一步扩大高大的空间感。高家具、高书架和垂直壁灯也能起到强调垂直感的作用。
Use Pendant Lights with High Ceilings
Directing the gaze is not just applicable to wall-washing, but can be used to accentuate high ceilings as well. Pendant lights draw the gaze upward, making users notice high ceilings and thus making a tall space feel taller. Tall furniture, high shelves, and vertical wall lights can also serve to emphasize verticality.
© Reutov Dimitry, Gerner Ekaterina
Courtesy of Dake Architectural Design
带有上射灯和背光灯的设计
同时，向上照明可用于强调高天花板或让低矮空间变得不那么局促，采用这种策略的方法很简单，就是将光线向上引导，就像洗墙灯将引导光线一样，可以通过向上的灯罩或某些类型的灯具来实现。与此同时，背光照明包括在某些家具物件（如橱柜、凹槽、展示架、屏风和其他展示品）的后面添加灯光，可以营造出一种有深度的错觉，让人感觉空间不仅更大，而且层次更丰富。
Design with Uplighting and Backlighting
Meanwhile, uplighting can be used to emphasize high ceilings or make low ceilings feel higher. This strategy is applied simply by directing light upwards – much like wall-washing directs light horizontally – and can be facilitated through upward facing lampshades or certain kinds of specialized lightbulbs. Meanwhile, backlighting consists of adding lights behind certain furniture objects, such as cabinets, alcoves, displays, screens, and other statement pieces. This creates the illusion of depth and can make a space feel not just larger, but more complexly designed.
© Naho Kubota
© Brandon Shigeta
Courtesy of Limu Design Studio
© Daniel Aulsebrook
安装轨道灯
轨道灯是另一种需要仔细研究的特殊策略，它结合了上述多种方法：体积小，可以节省空间；用途广，可以满足特定或一般照明需求；可移动，可以突出某些特点；多灯具，如果布置得当，可以让整个房间都充满光亮。
Install Track Lights
Track lights are another specific strategy that calls for a closer look. These combine many of the methods listed above: they are small, making them space savers; versatile, meaning they can fulfill specific or general lighting needs; moveable, allowing them to highlight certain features; and multiple, flooding the entire room with light if arranged correctly.
© Megan Taylor
© Hey! Cheese
添加镜子或其他反光表面
镜子是一种广为人知的让房间感觉更大的方法，因为它能让可视空间增加一倍。镜子还能反射光线，从而进一步扩大空间，自然地增强亮度，从而进一步减少阴影。镜子越大，效果越明显。不过，使用相对反光的材料（而不是真正的镜子）进行设计也会产生很好的效果。例如，光亮的表面，如精心打磨的地板，甚至玻璃制品，都可以帮助反射光线，增强光线的强度，并将光线引向整个房间。
Add Mirrors or Other Reflective Surfaces
Mirrors are a well-known way of making a room feel larger, as they double the amount of visible space. That they reflect light as well enlarges the space even more, naturally intensifying the brightness and thereby reducing the shadows even further. The larger the mirror, the greater the effect. However, designing with relatively reflective materials – rather than literal mirrors – can make a big difference as well. For example, glossy surfaces like well-polished floors or even glass items can help reflect light, intensifying it and redirecting it throughout the room.
© Julia Totoli
© Naho Kubota
使用浅色家具和墙壁
最后，浅色家具和墙壁对于保持其他所有设计策略所产生的亮度和反光效果至关重要。这对增强良好的照明效果有很大帮助，而深色的墙壁和家具则会吸收强烈、分布合理的照明和反光元素所产生的额外亮度。
Use Light Furniture and Walls
Finally, light furniture and walls are essential for maintaining the brightness and reflectivity created by all these other design strategies. This goes a long way in augmenting the effects of good lighting, whereas dark walls and furniture can absorb all the extra brightness created by strong, well-distributed lighting and reflective elements.
© Gareth Gardner
© Daniel Aulsebrook
© Ruy Teixeira
© Wu Tou
有许多优秀的照明实例，其中一些只使用了其中的几种策略，就取得了很好的效果，而另一些则几乎使用了所有策略。中国的灯市口胡同住宅就是采用了多种照明策略的典范，纯白色的墙壁和浅色的家具，吊灯突出了高高的天花板，天窗将墙壁照得通亮，嵌入式床和桌子上的特殊照明等等，这个空间结合了多种不同的照明策略，让人感觉空间更大了。另一个很好的例子是台湾的 22 平米公寓，通过轨道照明、白墙、特定照明、嵌入式照明和恰到好处的自然光，使一个较小的空间变得更大。每个空间都有不同的照明需求和可能性，设计师应该考虑以上列出的每种策略，但最终必须选择适合自己空间和设计的策略。
There exist many great examples of good lighting, some of which utilize only a few of these strategies to great effect and some of which use nearly all. The Dengshikou Hutong Residence in China is one which uses many. With pure white walls and light furniture, pendant lights that accentuate the high ceilings, skylights that wash the walls with light, specific lighting over a recessed bed and table, and more, the space combines multiple different lighting strategies to make a large space feel larger. Another great example is the 22m2 Apartment in Taiwan, which is a smaller space made larger through track lighting, white walls, specific lighting, recessed lighting, and aptly placed natural light. Each space will have different lighting needs and possibilities – designers should consider each of the strategies listed above, but must ultimately choose the right ones for their space and designs.
Image © Ruijing Photo
Image © Ruijing Photo
Image © Hey! Cheese
Image © Hey! Cheese
© Wu Tou
© Elsa Young
© Hongyue Wang
Image © Hey! Cheese
© Naho Kubota
© Benjamin Benschneider
© Imagen Subliminal
|
|
