如何成为一位精通技术的建筑师
How To Be a Tech-Savvy Architect

由专筑网李韧，曹逸希编译

建筑设计是合作的过程，日常的工作涉及文件、邮件、信息的共享。无论你是参加竞赛，还是申请工作，亦或是推广项目，信息的分享和卓越的技能都至关重要，如果你的技术过于生疏，那么也许会为你的伙伴加大负担，并且浪费时间，甚至错失许多工作机会。

为了确保你不犯错，或者少犯错，小编列出了以下几个有效的小贴士，这样可以让你更高效地工作。

Architecture is a collaborative discipline, where a day’s work often involves sharing files, emails, and information in the process of completing a project. Whether you are entering competitions, applying for jobs or getting your work published, being tech-savvy when sharing files is a crucial skill to have—while failing to be tech-savvy can lead to frustrated colleagues, wasted time, and even missed career opportunities.
To help you ensure you're not making any mistakes, we’ve put together a few pointers you can use to share work online more efficiently and effectively.

1、文件大小

当在线传输工作文件时，文件的大小要秉持着“少就是多”的原则，这与平时打印版图纸有所不同，电子版文件有时并不需要那么高清，只要清晰易懂即可，而且下载小文件也能节约许多时间。虽然显示器的不同也会带来图纸效果的差异，但即使是高端的显示器，对于图像的直接显示也有上限，除非你不断地放大图像，否则你所看到的也只是一个显示器的信息而已，所以没必要在图像精度上花费太多时间。

2、迫不得已时，再选择下载文档

为了尊重他人的时间和硬盘空间，有时并不一定需要下载文件，其实有许多文件共享软件，例如Dropbox、Google Drive、OneDrive等等，这些服务器都可以预览图像，这样你的合作者就没必要花大量时间来下载文件去了解你的项目构思。

3、不要发PPT文件

演示文稿应该投影出来观看，而不是在网上干巴巴地欣赏。而且演示文稿的图片和文字往往很小，表达的信息有限，通过网络观看并不是最好的选择，另外，单独的细看其中的图片会给你的收件人带来更多的麻烦，那么这涉及到下一个问题。

1. File Sizes
When sharing work online, “less is more” with file sizes. Unlike images for print which need a very high resolution to be seen clearly, images made to be viewed on the web usually only require a much smaller in file size, with smaller files offering the benefit of quicker loading times. While developments such as high-resolution displays have closed the gap recently, remember that even a 4K monitor sports only 3840 x 2160 pixels. This means that unless it’s imperative that the recipient be able to zoom in on your images, anything many thousands of pixels wide will be larger than the monitor and therefore unnecessary and inefficient.

2. Downloading Should Be a Last Resort
In order to respect other people’s time and available hard-drive space, the need to download your images should be a last resort. With so many file sharing services such as Dropbox, Google Drive, and OneDrive offering a way to preview images, people should not have to download hundreds of Megabytes worth of images to grasp an idea of your project.

3. Don’t Show Your Presentation Boards
Presentation Boards are made to be viewed on a wall, not online. The images and text on presentation boards will often be too small to be viewed clearly on an image online, and the need for a large file size to zoom in and browse around will cause recipients a hassle. This relates to the next point:

4、不要在图片中加载过多文字

虽然用文字来说明图像非常必要，但过长的文字必须省略。项目的描述不应该成为图像的附属品，因为如果你想要在网上展示你的作品，你应该希望文本可以被谷歌索引，这样它就会出现在任何搜索引擎中。如果文本可以被复制和粘贴，这也使得信息能够更有效地共享，以便在需要时被引用或者转移到不同的演示文稿中。

5、提供准确的相关信息

对于项目的描述和图片信息非常重要。如果这些照片在网络上广泛传播，那么对于信息的矫正则会变得相当困难。

6、灵活运用超链接

当你想表达文本以外的内容时，可以选择超链接的形式，这样你可以把其他网站、文章、项目链接到你的描述中。这样你能够为你的合作者提供更多的有效信息，而且这种形式非常方便，合作者可以按照需求来选择是否点开。

4. Don’t Put Text in Images
Although the use of text in labeling drawings or diagrams is necessary, the use of long sections of text should be avoided. Descriptions of the project should not be a part of the image, since if you're showcasing your work online you should want the text to be indexable by Google so that it shows up in any searches. It also makes sharing information more efficient if the text can be copied and pasted so it can be quoted or moved to different presentations if needed.

5. Provide Accurate Crediting Info
This is crucial both for the designs themselves and any photos taken of the project. Once the images are circulating the internet, it becomes incredibly difficult to correct any miswritten crediting information.

6. Hyperlinks Are Your Friend
Hyperlinks can be extremely useful when you want to provide extra information, whether that means links to a website, articles or other projects. There will always be more information that you can provide, so hyperlinks allow a convenient way for the recipient to click and learn more at their own leisure.

7、结合使用动态表达

你要知道，动态图像往往能更好地表达信息，虽然静态图像制作方便，也易于发送，但相比起动图，它显得不那么灵活。视频、GIF文件、3D模型，甚至是VR文件都是很好的表达方式。

8、注意文件类型

文件类型的选择也需要慎重。JPG文件适用于印刷和网络，但如先前所述，它受限于文件大小。PNG文件则适用于网页制作，因为它支持透明像素，因此并不那么适用于打印。TIF文件通常用于打印，但是其文件较大因此尽量避免直接上传。PDF文件支持矢量和栅格文件，但它对于色彩的把控较弱一些。另外，也需要注意文件的色彩模式，其中分为RGB和CMYK两种，前者适用于网页，后者适用于打印。

9、给予许可

在网上发布图片时请注意版权问题，无论是如上文所属那样添加相关信息，亦或是运用通用的许可文件，版权问题都非常重要。如果其他人想分享你的作品时，他们也会明白你是否许可。另外，当我们谈论到许可问题时，需要记住我们要给文件接受者添加许可，不然等你的合作伙伴点开链接，却发现自己无访问权限时，那是多么尴尬的场面。

文中配图来源：Andrea Vasquez

7. Static Images Aren’t The Only Option
It is important to remember that static images are not the only way we can present our work. Although static images are still probably the most convenient way to distribute information, they are usually not as immersive or attention-grabbing as other forms of presentation. Videos, GIFs, 3D models and even VR experiences are now all possible ways of displaying a project.

8. Be Aware of File Types
It can often be confusing to decide on which file type should be used for which purpose. JPGs are versatile in that they are suitable for both print and the web (although this also depends on the image size, as previously covered.) PNGs are great for web pages as they can have transparent backgrounds, but are not suitable for print. TIF files are large raster files that are usually made for printing, so avoid using TIFs for online use as they will load very slowly. PDFs are a great way to share files as they can view both vector and raster files, but be careful of their color control. Make sure to check whether the file is in RGB color (suitable for web) or CMYK color (suitable for print).

9. Give Permission
It can be useful to be clear on the copyright of images you distribute online, whether by adding a credit (as discussed above) and giving explicit permission to those who ask or by using a creative commons license. This makes it less confusing and risky for others if they want to share and distribute your work. This second point may seem self-evident but, while we're talking about permission, always remember to give permission to the recipient when using a file sharing service so they don’t click a link and find themselves on a page they cannot access.

Images for this article were kindly provided by Andrea Vasquez.


出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。