扎哈•哈迪德建筑事务所用石材重新诠释了经典的Hans J Wegner石椅
Zaha Hadid Architects reinterprets classic Hans J Wegner chair in stone
由专筑网王帅，邢子编译
扎哈•哈迪德建筑事务所使用石材和碳纤维重新塑造了丹麦设计师Hans J Wegner在1963年设计的CH07椅。
Lapella椅子是Wegner的CH07贝壳椅的最新版本。扎哈•哈迪德建筑事务所的椅子的三条翼状轮廓的锥形腿由棕榈石和碳纤维制成，而原来椅子使用的是胶合板和装饰织物。
Zaha Hadid Architects has recreated the form of Danish designer Hans J Wegner's 1963 CH07 lounge chair in stone and carbon fibre.
The Lapella chair is an updated version of Wegner's Shell Chair CH07. Zaha Hadid Architects' chair features a winglike silhouette with three tapered legs made from palissandro stone and carbon fibre composites – as opposed to the original laminated wood and upholstered fabric.
该事务所以先前设计的比例和规模为出发点，他们想在此基础上设计出最薄、最轻的石材结构。
为了实现这一目标，设计师们与伦敦AKT-II工程公司和威斯敏斯特大学（University of Westminster）合作，通过测试样品的石头在不同程度下的张力，计算出了支撑结构所需的最小厚度。
Using the proportions and scale of the original design as its starting point, Zaha Hadid Architects wanted to create the thinnest and lightest stone structure.
To achieve this, the designers worked together with London-based engineering firm AKT-II and the University of Westminster to calculate the minimum thickness needed to support the structure. This was achieved by testing samples of the stone under various degrees of tension.
AKT-II的结构工程师Edoardo Tibuzzi说：“我们与威斯敏斯特大学合作，计算出了这块石头能承受的最大压力，同时采集了石头样本，并使用实验室的机器测试了它的张力。”
他对Dezeen的记者说：“通过测试样品的抗拉强度，我们就能掌握对实际材料本身应施加多大的力。”
作用在石椅上的力被绘制成应力云图，可以详细看到最大拉伸和最大压缩的区域。由于石头抗压不抗拉，所以我们在内部用碳纤维对其加固。
碳纤维的厚度取决于椅子不同部位的张力水平。
"Working with the University of Westminster to find out what forces the stone could take, we took a sample of the stone and used the laboratory machinery to test the tension on it," said Edoardo Tibuzzi, structural engineer at AKT-II.
"By understanding what loads made the sample break, we could understand how much force we could put on the actual material itself," he told Dezeen.
The forces acting on the stone chair were mapped to find areas of high tension and high compression. As stone is strong in compression, but not tension, the chair was reinforced with an internal carbon fibre layer.
The thickness of the carbon fibre was determined by the levels of tension that different parts of the chair would be under.
Tibuzzi解释说：“当承载压应力的过程中，石材可以很好地适应，所以当你把重物放到椅子上面，它就可以抵抗负载，一旦试着加载拉应力，石材就不起作用了。所以石材通常被用于立式结构，如立面构件或砖石结构。”
“我们试图将材料结合起来，让石材承受压力，碳纤维承受拉力。这两种材料的结合可以将石材打磨出非常薄的轮廓，真正地挖掘出材料的最佳性能。”
石材用数控机床加工而成，而碳纤维是在专利的结构设计过程中使用真空分层插入的。最后，再将石头打磨平滑。
"The stone works well in compression so if you put a load onto it, it resists the load, but as soon as you try and put tension in it, it doesn't work well – that's why generally stone is used in vertical structures like facade elements or masonry," explained Tibuzzi.
"What we tried to combine materials to allow the stone to perform in compression and the carbon fibre to take the tension forces – this combination of two materials allowed us to achieve a very thin kind of profile for the stone, to really carve out a lot of the material."
The stone was milled using CNC machinery, while the carbon fibre was inserted in layers using a vacuum in a patented structural process. Finally, the stone was polished and cleaned.
Lapella椅子为立体式2.0和数字建筑工具活动而设计，这次活动由纽约建筑和设计学院（NYIT School Of Architecture And Design）在2018年4月16日至4月29日期间举行。
扎哈•哈迪德建筑事务对椅子的构造作了技术解释：“获得专利的制造工艺利用石材的压缩性能和碳纤维的拉伸性能使其实现了无与伦比的薄度、轻盈度和优良的结构性能。”
“拱形的底部承受压力，而相邻的部分表现出不同程度的拉伸和压缩。”
“内部的应力和应变的分级通过不同厚度的石头与承受拉应力的碳纤维来实现。”
随着设计师们对这种材料的试验，越来越多的产品中出现了碳纤维。在此之前，该事务所用碳纤维重新创造了折叠的Kuki椅子，而Thomas Missé则设计了一张轻便的、可堆叠的椅子。
Lapella was conceived for the Stereotomy 2.0 and Digital Construction Tools event arranged by NYIT School of Architecture and Design in New York, between 16 April and 29 April 2018.
The studio provided a technical explanation of how the chair was constructed: "The patented process of manufacture harnesses the compressive properties of stone and the tensile properties of carbon fibre to achieve unparalleled thinness, lightness, and structural performance," said Zaha Hadid Architects.
"The vaulted undercarriage performs in full compression, while neighbouring parts exhibit more varied degrees of tension and compression."
"This graduation of stress and strain internal to the parts are articulated through varied thickness of the stone and informed the face selection for application of tensioning carbon fibres."
Carbon fibre is appearing in a growing number of products as designers experiment with the material. Previously, the studio recreated its folded Kuki chair using carbon fibre, while Thomas Missé designed a lightweight, stackable chair for Mars.
项目信息：
设计：扎哈•哈迪德建筑事务所
设计团队：Patrik Schumacher with ZH CoDe: Shajay Bhooshan, Vishu Bhooshan, Henry David Louth, Marko Margeta, Taole Chen.
策划：AKT II p.art
策划团队：Edoardo Tibuzzi, Lorenzo Greco
制造：Generelli SA
制造团队：Matteo Generelli
新基础结构研究小组：Giuseppe Fallacara, Maurizio Barberio
Project credits:
Design: Zaha Hadid Architects
Design team: Patrik Schumacher with ZH CoDe: Shajay Bhooshan, Vishu Bhooshan, Henry David Louth, Marko Margeta, Taole Chen.
Engineer: AKT II p.art
Engineering team: Edoardo Tibuzzi, Lorenzo Greco
Fabrication: Generelli SA
Fabrication team: Matteo Generelli
New Fundamentals Research Group: Giuseppe Fallacara, Maurizio Barberio
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