印度的起伏砖瓦屋顶图书馆
Sameep Padora creates undulating brick roof to cover school library in India

由专筑网王帅，李韧编译

Sameep Padora & Associates事务所的建筑师在看到西班牙加泰罗尼亚的拱形砖天花板的形式后，将其应用到印度戈伯尔冈镇（Kopargaon）的儿童图书馆的设计之中，这座建筑因此其拥有了复杂的弯曲屋顶。

Padora在孟买的事务所为Shri Sharda英语中学设计了Maya Somaiya图书馆，该学校坐落于印度马哈拉施特拉邦小镇的边缘。

Sameep Padora & Associates looked at the forms of vaulted brick ceilings found in Catalonia to develop the complex curved roof of this extension to a children's library in the Indian town of Kopargaon.
Padora's Mumbai-based practice designed the Maya Somaiya Library for the Shri Sharda English Medium School, which is located on the edge of the town in the state of Maharashtra.



该建筑位于现有建筑物和学校边界之间的一条狭长的土地上，人们在这里可以俯瞰附近的农田。

建筑占地的比例也确定了建筑物的线状布局，整个体量被一种似乎从地面上生长出来的流体屋顶所覆盖。

The building occupies a narrow strip of land between existing buildings and the school's boundary, which looks out onto the adjacent farmland.
The site's proportions informed the building's linear floorplan, which is enveloped by a fluid roof form that appears to grow out of the ground.



建筑师表示：“直观地看，我们认为图书馆是地面的一部分。我们使用砖作为材料，因为它的触觉性、可用性、隔热性，以及能够抵挡强光。”

建筑师们还受到了校园现有测地结构的启发，这些结构表达了新建筑技术与创新建筑解决方案的可能性。

"Alluding to the intuitive impetus that children have towards landscape we imagined the library building to be a formal extension of the ground," said the studio, "using brick as material for its tactility, availability as well as its utility as insulation against the strong sun."
The architects were also inspired by existing geodesic structures on the school campus to explore the possibilities of a technically innovative construction solution for the new building.



在考虑了包括混凝土壳和砖拱顶等不同的建筑技术之后，研究小组确定了一种建造结构拱门的方法，即加泰罗尼亚拱顶。

拱形表面发现于地中海各地，建筑师通常在木头上纵向铺砖而形成。

After considering different building techniques including concrete shells and brick vaults, the team settled on a method for creating structural arches known as the Catalan vault.
The vaulted surfaces are found throughout the Mediterranean and are typically created by laying bricks lengthwise on top of a wooden form.



Padora和他的团队尤其受到19世纪西班牙建筑师Rafael Guastavino Moreno的影响，这位建筑师运用这种技术创造了独有的瓷砖拱形系统，同时，他们也受到乌拉圭建筑师Eladio Dieste于20世纪中叶发展而成的薄壳结构的影响。

形成学校屋顶所需的复杂双曲面是通过三维建模软件Rhinoceros设计而成，该程序应用方便，它将结构通过压缩然后连接在一起。

Padora and his team were particularly influenced by the 19th-century Spanish architect Rafael Guastavino Moreno's adaptation of the technique to create his patented Tile Arch System, as well as by the thin-shell structures developed by Uruguayan architect Eladio Dieste in the mid 20th century.
The complex double-curved surfaces required to form the school's roof were created using a plug-in for 3D modelling programme Rhinoceros, which facilitates the design of structures that are held together by compression only.









Rhino Vault软件由ETH Zürich的区块研究小组开发，以前曾用于制造由225块面板组成的木结构机器人。建筑就像一个完全由石头制成的华盖，没有额外的结构支撑。

拱形屋顶覆盖着一间可容纳22,000多本书的房间。屋顶与地面接触的空隙中建有小庭院。

The Rhino Vault software was developed by the Block Research Group at ETH Zürich, and has previously been used to create a robotically fabricated wooden structure made from 225 individual panels, as well as a canopy made entirely from stone with no additional fixings.
The vaulted roof encloses a single room with capacity to house over 22,000 books. Small courtyards are situated in the gaps between where the roof touches the ground.









屋顶长达44米，由三层32毫米厚的砖瓦组成，这些砖瓦用灰浆粘合在一起。最终形成一座起伏的屋顶景观平台，其强度足够容纳人们步行通过。

日光通过棱角分明的玻璃墙流入图书馆，这些墙从突出的屋顶结构的边缘向后倾斜，确保它们不受强光的照射。

The roof spans 44 metres and comprises three layers of 32-millimetre-thick brick tiles held together by mortar. The result is an undulating roofscape that is strong enough to walk across.
Daylight pours into the library through angular glazed walls that are set back from the edge of the overhanging roof structure to ensure they are shaded from the sun's harshest rays.



Sameep Padora&Associates事务所此前的项目还有佛教教育和冥想中心，该中心使用含有火山灰的夯土建造。还有用垂直木条制成的度假屋。

摄影：Edmund Sumner

Sameep Padora & Associates' previous projects include a Buddhist education and meditation centre built using rammed earth that contains volcanic dust, and a holiday home wrapped in screens made from vertical timber battens.
Photography is by Edmund Sumner.





















项目信息：
建筑设计：Sameep Padora & Associates事务所
设计团队：Vami Sheth, Aparna Dhareshwar, Manasi Punde, Archita Banerjee

Project credits:
Architect: Sameep Padora & Associates
Design team: Vami Sheth, Aparna Dhareshwar, Manasi Punde, Archita Banerjee