如何设计智能住宅：将家庭自动化结合建筑的8个技巧
How to Design Smart Homes: 8 Tips for Incorporating Domotics Into Architecture

由专筑网李韧，吴静雅编译

家庭自动化常常与高成本、耗时、过程繁琐这些关键词联系在一起，这让许多设计师不得不放弃这些项目，但是现在，这些日子早已成为过往。

如今，家庭自动化的成本逐步降低，步骤也更加简化，愈来愈多的项目中都结合了这些步骤。在AVE Chile的协助下，小编们总结了一系列小贴士，这有利于家庭自动化的设计。

Home automation has long been associated with high costs, a burdening assembly time, and a cumbersome process that impelled us to discard the idea of automating projects. However, these days are long gone.
With lower costs and easier assembly, today, developing a new project without home automation seems somewhat absurd. Below, with the help of AVE Chile, we've compiled a series of tips to help you incorporate domotics into your next project.



1、体验家庭自动化是说服客户的关键

大部分体验过家庭自动化的人群都很难回到传统系统。为了吸引客户，项目的关键就在于让人们现场体验到到家庭自动化的优势，即测试控制面板的不同选项、管理空间的环境状况、改变光线的强度与颜色、调整室温、不同类别传感器的交互式使用。

1. Experiencing home automation is key to convincing the client
The vast majority of people who have ever inhabited an automated space will hardly feel comfortable returning to traditional systems. To convince a new client, it's key that they can experience in situ the benefits of home automation: test the different options of a control panel, manage the environmental conditions of a space, change the intensity and color of the light, adjust the temperature, and/or interact with the different types of switches and their sensors.





2、使用者必须明确真正想“智能”的内容

当使用者体验了家庭自动化，他们可能想要控制一切,没有太多理由。那么，家庭自动化则需要满足全方位的智能需求，因此它必须通过操作系统，从而减少使用的复杂程度。举例来说，操纵自动熨斗或咖啡机也许不会对使用者的生活质量造成差异，但是，操纵灯光、警报、加热体系在其中则显得尤为重要。

2. The user must identify what they really want to control
Once the user experiences home automation, they may want to control everything, without much reason. By definition, home automation seeks to be globally intelligent, so it must function as a system that facilitates processes, without unnecessarily complicating the user's life. Automating the operation of an iron or a coffee machine, for example, may not make a real difference in the user's quality of life. However, the ability to program lights, alarms and/or heating at certain times of the day, will.





3、将家庭自动化应用于“生成集成式策略”，这会比实现的单个目标更加有效

一旦使用者明确了需求之后，设计师应当结合集成式策略，从而对整个环境进行控制。举例来说，当为夜晚选择预定义环境的时候，该系统会通过单一流程来执行灯光、窗帘的启闭，以及警报器的激活。但是这也不会阻止每个单一选项的管理，但这会比将它们视作整体来考虑而更简单有效。

3. It's more effective to apply home automation to 'generate integrated solutions,' than to fulfill individual functions
Once the needs of the user have been identified, it's advisable to plan integrated solutions that allow programming and controlling of environments. For example, when selecting a predefined environment for the night, the system will execute, in a single process, the attenuation and shutdown of lights, the closing of curtains, and the activation of the alarm. This doesn't prevent the management of each option separately, but it's easier and more effective to consider them, from the outset, as responses as a whole.





4、传统电气平面与家庭自动化平面并无差异

如果要将家庭自动化引入项目之中，那么建筑师必须简单地定义转换机制的定位，以及其中每个部分的特定功能。在这样的布局中，负责安装自动化系统的公司则有责任进行现场电力装置的干预设计。这种非屏蔽双绞线（Unshielded Twisted Pair——UTP）比传统的布线方式要更容易一些，并且只占用一条管道。

需要特别说明的是，在开始这些工作之前，家庭自动化必须包含在施工计划之中，因为在后期的流程里，整个操作会变得更加复杂。

4. There is no difference between a traditional electrical plan and a domotics plan
When bringing home automation into a built project, the architect must simply define the locations of the switches and other devices, and the specific functions of each one of them. With this plan, the company in charge of the installation of the automation system is responsible for intervening the electrical installation on site, giving the specialist the instruction to incorporate the wiring required by the home automation. This UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cabling is much simpler than the one traditionally used, and occupies a single pipeline.
It's important to point out that home automation must be included in the construction plan before beginning the heavy work since in more advanced stages the complete process becomes more complex.



5、只需要几个小时，一位电气专家就能够学习安装家庭自动化系统

建筑师或客户不需要特别选择电气专家，因为整个安装过程只需要几个小时就能学会。

5. In just a couple of hours, an electrical specialist can learn to install a home automation system
It's not necessary for the electrical specialist chosen by the architect or client to be an expert in home automation in order to install it. The training related to this process can be done in just a few hours.





6、正确的操作过程能够大大减少建筑的能源消耗

对于酒店而言，家庭自动化单独针对已使用的房间，并且对每位使用者的每个房间都进行精准地控制。举例来说，当使用者在房间里打开暖气，或者打开窗户，那么其中的热系统就会关闭而节省能源。即使在晚上，当客人睡觉的时候，系统也可以被设定为略微降低室温，在用户不注意的情况下节约了大量的能源。

另外，在使用三相系统的建筑之中，甚至还能够确定月消耗量的最大程度，从而避免在月底超额使用。而控制面板也让使用者拥有完整的消耗细节，例如每天、每周、每月，亦或是每年。

6. Properly programmed, the home automation system greatly reduces the energy consumption of the building
In the case of hotels, home automation allows spaces and rooms that are not in use to be kept completely off, taking detailed control of the use that each guest gives to each room. For example, if a guest has the heating on in his room and opens a window, the thermal system will shut down to avoid energy waste. Even during the night, while the guest sleeps, the system can be programmed to reduce the temperature slightly, saving a large amount of energy without the user noticing.
In addition, in buildings that use three-phase systems, it's possible to determine a maximum monthly energy consumption, avoiding that the expense exceeds the predetermined limit at the end of the month. The control panel gives the user a complete detail of this consumption: daily, weekly, monthly or yearly.



7、家庭自动化能够提升老年人或残障人群的生活质量

通过集成控制面板和运动传感器，家庭自动化能够很大的提升老年人或残障人士的生活质量，除此之外，系统还能对某个时间段的灯光照明进行控制，比如增强光照，抑或是自动启闭灯光设施等等。另外，帕金森患者或其他运动疾病人群同样可以在不进行手触的前提下来操作系统。

7. Home automation can improve the quality of life for elderly or differently abled people
Through centralized control panels and motion sensors, home automation can greatly facilitate and support the way in which older adults or people with disabilities inhabit their daily spaces. Among other benefits, it is possible to program the lighting of lights at a certain time of the day, increasing its intensity with the passing of the hours, or turning on and off automatically when the person enters certain rooms. In addition, people with Parkinson's disease or other motor diseases can solve the handling of the switches without touching them.



8、家庭自动化系统中的集成警报可以用于控制远程干扰或危险

家庭自动化中的警报系统有效地避免了连接到中央体系的需求，而是直接通过手机通知使用者，并且注明哪些门窗已被入侵。如果安装有摄像头，那么使用者就能实时了解建筑物中所发生的状况。

在诸如煤气、水泄露等危险状况下，该系统能够提醒使用者关闭构件，同时找到问题的解决方法。

图片：AVE Chile

8. Integrate alarms in the home automation system to control remote intrusions or dangers
Including the alarm in a home automation system avoids the need to connect to a central, notifying the user directly on his mobile phone and showing in detail which door or window has been intruded. If surveillance cameras have been included, it's possible to see in real time what is happening in the building.
In the case of other hazards, such as a gas or water leak, the system warns the user to close the passage of these elements, while a definitive solution to the problem is found.