Statue of Liberty Museum / FXCollaborative
由专筑网李韧，王雪纯编译
该项目优化了游客在自由女神像岛屿的体验。该项目由FXCollaborative事务所负责，建筑师为这座博物馆的设计设定了两个期望一是能够提升游客的体验，而是增大岛上的开放空间，这座岛屿是联合国教科文组织世界遗址，美国自由女神像就位于此。
Enhancing the Visitor Experience on Liberty Island. FXCollaborative set two goals for the design of the Statue of Liberty Museum: 1) To create a building that uplifts the experience of the island for all visitors, and 2) To extend and add to the island’s open space, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to a beloved international monument.
自由女神像博物馆是一座花园型展馆，欢迎来自世界各地、不同年龄层次、不同种族的游客。建筑位于岛屿步行街的北端，微微旋转，面向自由女神像。博物馆将博物馆与自由女神像连接起来，并且使用通向屋顶的花岗岩楼梯来强调主要轴线。游客的空间体验在奇幻的花岗岩屋面露台中达到顶峰，在建筑的屋顶露台，游客们能够欣赏到自由女神像、曼哈顿天际线、纽约港口的美妙景观。
The Statue of Liberty Museum is a garden pavilion that is designed to welcome all visitors of all ages, nationalities, and ethnicities. It is located at the north end of the formal pedestrian mall on Liberty Island, facing the Statue of Liberty and slightly rotated away from it. The museum anchors the main axis that connects the Museum to the Statue, and extends this axis via a sweeping granite staircase that leads to its roof. The visitor experience culminates in a dramatic granite roof terrace that provides unobstructed views of Lady Liberty, the Manhattan skyline, and New York Harbor.
这种设计方式应用了不对称形态，减少了过度形式化，这让游客在进出或是环绕建筑空间时能够充分感受到空间的戏剧性变化，这就来源于自由的多样化与多元化概念。该项目的平面角度和丰富的空间多样性让人们能够很好地欣赏岛屿和纽约港口。空间的动态设计灵感则来源于水域的不规则形态以及圆形Flagpole广场的几何形态。由此构成的形式与原场地的军事堡垒形成了视觉上的对比，堡垒限定了广场的末端。堡垒与博物馆都有着锐角，只是堡垒为阴角，博物馆为阳角，这是为了表达自由。
The design eschews formality in favor of an asymmetrical design that embraces its dramatic setting and changes form as visitors move in, on, and around it, much as the idea of liberty is a diverse and pluralistic concept. The project’s angular plan and rich variety of spaces allow visitors to enjoy a broad view of the island and New York Harbor. Its dynamic expression was inspired by the irregularity of the water’s edge, as well as the geometry of the circular Flagpole Plaza.
The resulting form creates a visual counterpoint to Fort Wood at the base of the Statue, which bookends the far end of the mall. Both the Fort and Museum have acute corners; whereas the Fort turns inward, the museum radiates outward, celebrating freedom.
项目设计结合了建筑与景观。这座建筑呼应了岛屿的布局，以法国正式花园传统为基础，构成了自然的景观体系，形成广场严肃的氛围。其台阶、露台、屋面延伸至地面层的空地上，将游客引导至建筑中，构成全新的可听、可看、可休闲的整体环境。
Merging Building and Landscape. The design merges building and landscape. The building responds to the layout of the island, which is based on French formal garden traditions, and establishes a naturalized landscape that is “lifted” above the formal mall. Its steps, terraces, and roof extend the park and the perimeter esplanade above the ground plane to carry visitors onto the site, creating a new visitor environment for viewing, resting, and picnicking.
屋面种植有当地植物，能够保留与过滤雨水，同时达到隔热的作用。在建筑周围，场地上种植有草皮，能成为动物们的自然栖息地。由于这块场地是拥有500年历史的洪泛平原，因此建筑师将建筑进行抬高来防止极端天地所带来的自然灾害。2012年就曾有一场影响到整个岛屿的电力系统的飓风。这座博物馆成为了与自然紧密联系的场地新成员。
The planted roofs incorporate native vegetation that super-insulates the building by capturing and filtering stormwater. Around the building, the grounds are planted with native meadow grasses that create a natural habitat for wildlife and migrating birds. The building’s elevation above the 500- year flood plain prevents damage from extreme weather events, such as Hurricane Sandy, which shut down power on the Island in 2012. The museum emerges as a new geology that is deeply integrated with nature.
建筑设计：FXCollaborative
地点：美国，纽约
类别：可持续设计
面积：75000.0 平方英尺（约6967平方米）
项目时间：2019年
摄影：David Sundberg — Esto
体验与展览设计：ESI Design
施工管理：Phelps Construction Group
项目管理：SBI Consultants, Inc.
结构工程：DeSimone Consulting Engineers
MEP 工程：Kohler Ronan Consulting Engineers
景观设计：Quennell Rothschild & Partners
土木工程：Langan Engineering
照明设计：George Sexton Associates
声学设计：Longman Lindsey
安全 / IT：TM Tech Partners
可持续设计 / LEED：Atelier Ten
历史保护：Li/Saltzman Architects
规范与可行性顾问：Jensen Hughes
竖向交通：Van Deusen & Associates
Architects: FXCollaborative
Location: Liberty Island, New York, United States
Category: Sustainability
Architect (Design Architect & Architect of Record): FXCollaborative
Area: 75000.0 ft2
Project Year: 2019
Photographs: David Sundberg — Esto
Experience and Exhibition Design: ESI Design
Construction Manager: Phelps Construction Group
Project Management: SBI Consultants, Inc.
Structural Engineer: DeSimone Consulting Engineers
MEP Engineer: Kohler Ronan Consulting Engineers
Landscape Architect: Quennell Rothschild & Partners
Civil Engineering: Langan Engineering
Lighting Design: George Sexton Associates
Acoustics: Longman Lindsey
Security / IT: TM Tech Partners
Sustainability / LEED: Atelier Ten
Historic Preservation: Li/Saltzman Architects
Code & Accessibility Consulting: Jensen Hughes
Vertical Transportation: Van Deusen & Associates
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