火星上第一个可自给自足、可持续发展及可容纳100万人的城市
the first self-sufficient and sustainable city on mars could house one million humans

由专筑网江鹏，小R编译

ABIBOO工作室领衔设计了火星上一座可自给自足、可持续发展的城市建筑，这个城市可容纳100万人。女娲（nüwa）城市设计是火星学会组织的一项详尽的科学工作，并由SONet网络负责全面开发。SONet网络是一个由科学家和学者组成的国际团队，由天体物理学家吉列姆·安格拉达（Guillem Anglada）领导，他是发现系外行星Proxima-B的负责人。考虑到大气条件，ABIBOO选择在火星悬崖的一侧建造垂直城市，这样的设计和建设系统考虑了星球恶劣的条件。ABIBOO的创始人 alfredo muñoz说：“如果我们像在地球上一样建造建筑，这些建筑可能会因为压力而爆炸。火星上的太阳辐射和伽玛辐射迫使我们不能建造直接暴露在天空中的空间。”

ABIBOO studio has led the architectural design of a self-sufficient and sustainable city on mars that could house one million humans. ‘nüwa’ forms part of an exhaustive scientific work for a competition organized by the mars society, and fully developed by the SONet network, an international team of scientists and academics led by astrophysicist guillem anglada, who headed the discovery of exoplanet proxima-b. considering the atmospheric conditions, ABIBOO chose the side of a cliff on mars to build a vertical city, with the design and construction systems a result of the planet’s harsh conditions. ‘if we were to construct the buildings as on earth, the buildings would tend to explode from the pressure,’ says alfredo muñoz, founder of ABIBOO. ‘the solar and gamma radiation on mars forced us to build spaces that are not directly exposed to the sky.’


all images ABIBOO studio / SOnet (renders by gonzalo rojas, sebastián rodriguez & verónica florido)

ABIBOO的项目设计包括五个城市，以女娲为首都。每个城市可容纳20万至25万人，并遵循相同的城市发展战略。例如，“Abalos城市”位于北极，是利用冰形成的通道，而“marineris城市”位于太阳系最广阔的峡谷中。ABIBOO的解决方案是一种灵活的、可扩展的城市模型，可以很容易地应用于火星的其他表面区域。

the design by ABIBOO includes five cities, with ‘nüwa’ as their capital. each city accommodates between 200,000 and 250,000 people and follows the same urban strategy. ‘abalos city’, for example, is located in the north pole to leverage the access to ice, while ‘marineris city’, is located in the most extensive canyon of the solar system. ABIBOO’s solution is a flexible and scalable model that could be easily applied to many other martian surface areas.



建筑师与学者以及SONet的其他成员一起工作，为建筑结构开发了解决方案，保护居民免受火星辐射，并确保间接获取阳光，保护免受陨石的潜在影响，并解决建筑内外的大气压力差。此外，城市结构必须考虑生命维持系统，如食物、空气和水的生产。

working alongside academics and other members of SONet, the architects developed solutions for structures that protect inhabitants from the radiation on mars, ensure indirect access to sunlight, protect from potential impact from meteorites, and solve the atmospheric pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the buildings. furthermore, the urban configuration had to consider the life support systems, such as food, air, and water production.



城市“女娲”坐落在火星悬崖的斜坡上，那里有丰富的水源，陡峭的地形提供了一个庇护所，可以在岩石中创建垂直的城市，防止辐射，并裸露在间接照射的阳光下。“宏大的建筑”在悬崖岩石中挖掘而成，在隧道开挖后得以实现，模块化的空间包括居住和工作活动，并且通过三维隧道网络连接在一起。该模块由两层结构组成，具有直径10米、长度60米的管状结构。三个住宅和三个工作模块提供了一个高度灵活和可扩展的机会，根据需要重新组合项目。所有模块都包含绿色区域和带有动物和水体的城市花园，旨在提供愉悦身心和充满艺术感的空间。为了创造与地球的情感联系，设计团队设计了两个巨大的人工自然空间“绿色穹顶”，穹顶的设计使得人类能够生存，还能用作公园，另一个穹顶包覆了在纯火星大气环境中的实验植物。

‘nüwa’ sits on the slope of one of the martian cliffs with abundant water access, with a steep terrain offering the opportunity to create a vertical city inserted into the rock, protected from radiation and exposed to indirect sunlight. ‘macro-buildings’ are excavations inside the rock of the cliff — implemented after tunneling, they are modular and include residential and work activities, linked together by a three-dimensional network of tunnels. comprising two floors, the modules have a tubular shape that spans 10 meters in diameter and 60 meters in length. three residential and three work modules offer a highly flexible and scalable opportunity to recombine the programs as needed. all modules contain green areas and urban gardens with animals and bodies of water designed to provide physical well-being, and spaces for art. to create an emotional connection with earth, the design team has included vast, artificially created two natural spaces called ‘green-domes’ — one that allows human presence and act as parks, and another that includes experimental vegetation in an environment with a purely martian atmosphere.



同时，悬崖上的“宏大的建筑”由高速电梯系统连接，类似于地球上的摩天大楼。这个基础设施还连接了悬崖的底部和顶部，在“天空大厅”有中间站，通过一个独立的升降系统连接“宏大的建筑”。悬崖的最高点是平顶山，这是一片广阔的平原，包含了专门用于制造业、食品生产和能源生产的基础设施。

在悬崖脚下，半透明表皮设计的大型亭子提供了火星景观的视野，并在山谷中提供了社交互动的空间。穹顶通过巨大的顶盖保护人们免受外部辐射的影响。从悬崖挖掘出来的材料被倾倒在屋顶上，来减少辐射。同时，这种策略确保了材料的可回收性，即使在大规模建设情况中也能够运用。

meanwhile, the ‘macro-buildings’ on the cliff are connected by high-speed elevator systems, similar to skyscrapers on earth. this infrastructure also connects the bottom of the cliff with the top and has intermediate stops at the ‘sky-lobbies’, that connect the ‘macro-buildings’ with a separate elevating system. the highest point of the cliff is the mesa — a vast plain that contains the infrastructure dedicated to manufacturing, food production, and energy generation.
at the foot of the cliff, large pavilions designed with translucent skin offer views of the landscapes of mars and a space for social interaction in the valley. the domes are protected from external radiation by large overflying canopies. the material from the cliff’s excavation is dumped on top of the roofs, protecting from radiation. at the same time, this strategy ensures recyclability even at a large-scale.



在山谷中，特定的建筑空间容纳了医院、学校和大学、体育和文化活动、购物区以及与航天飞机通信的火车站。从挖掘中提取的额外材料创建了一座人造山，作为城市的视觉背景，包含辅助能源系统、存储和供漫游车和市内卡车使用的停车场。

in the valley, specific structures house hospitals, schools and universities, sports and cultural activities, shopping areas, and train stations that communicate with the space shuttle. an artificial mountain created with additional material extracted from the excavations acts as a visual frame for the city, and contains auxiliary energy systems, storage, and parking for rovers and intra-city trucks.



人类在火星上定居也需要建筑来满足空气、水和食物生产的基本功能。在城市女娲及其邻近城市中，所有的建筑结构都考虑了安全方面的设计，以调节内部大气压力，并为紧急情况提供避难区。在每个“宏大的建筑”入口设置了空气淋浴器，用于清洁和消毒，提供健康保护。

a human settlement on mars also requires structures to fulfill the essential functions of air, water, and food production. in ‘nüwa’ and its adjacent cities, all the architectural constructions include additional safety aspects to regulate the internal atmospheric pressure and offer refuge zones for emergency cases. air showers have been placed at each ‘macro-building’ entrance to clean and sterilize as health protection measures.



农作物被种植在富含二氧化碳的环境中，否则人类将无法呼吸。因此，这些设施中的操作系统将实现自动化。为了提高作物转化的效率，SONet的天体生物学专家团队选择了一种水培系统，这种系统比其他基于地上作物的方法需要更少的水和空间。该部门还完成了藻类、细胞肉和用于废物处理的细菌的生产。动物和昆虫的养殖区位于山谷，靠近公共城市地区，因为它们需要一个类似人居的环境来生活。

crops would be grown in agricultural modules with a CO2-enriched environment, which will not be breathable for humans. as a result, the operational tasks in these facilities will be automated. to increase the crops’ efficiency, SONet’s expert astrobiology team opted for a hydroponic system that requires less water and space than other methods based on above-ground crops. the production of algae, cellular-meat, and bacteria for waste processing are also completed in this sector. farming areas for animals and insects have been located at the valley, close to communal city areas, as they need a human-like atmosphere to live.



城市内的交通通过高速电梯沿着悬崖垂直方向进行。此外，公共汽车和轻轨系统提供城市内横向交通。火车站网络连接着位于火山口附近的太空机场。城市内所有用于交通的电动汽车都是通过在空间内加压运行。火星不同城市之间的交通问题则通过在铺有路面的道路上行驶的公共汽车或火车得以解决。

mobility within the city is carried out in a vertical direction along the cliff through high-speed elevators. additionally, a system of buses and light-trains provides intra-city horizontal transport. a network of train stations connects to the space airport, located at a nearby crater. all transportation within the city is carried out within pressurized spaces through electric vehicles. mobility between different martian cities is solved by buses or trains that travel on paved roads.



最后，城市女娲和邻近的城市能够成倍地容纳更多人口。火星上的这种城市发展，在经过一段短暂的地球资本投资和供给后，以其自身的方式和可持续的方式得以维持和发展。建造城市所需的所有材料都是在火星上通过加工碳和其他矿物质获得。SONet的科学家和ABIBOO的建筑师分析了建造女娲城市所需的材料，以及如何利用当地资源以可持续的方式制造和获得所需的系统。

finally, ‘nüwa’ and adjacent cities exponentially accommodate their population. after an initial short period of capital investment and supply from earth, this urban development on mars maintains and grows by its means and sustainable manner. all the materials required for constructing the city are obtained on mars by processing carbon and other minerals. the scientists at SONet and the architects at ABIBOO analyzed the materials needed for ‘nüwa’ and how to manufacture and obtain the required system with local resources in a sustainable manner. read more about the project here.