Church to Apartments Transformation / HOYT Architecten

由专筑网小R编译

荷兰鹿特丹的城市中心在1940年5月遭受了毁灭性的轰炸，在第二次世界大战之后，这座城市再一个名为“De Wederopbouw”的时期进行了快速的重建，短时间内，这座城市通过简约现代的新建筑得以重塑。

The city center of Rotterdam was almost completely destroyed in the bombing of May 1940. After the second world war, the city tried to rebuild itself quickly during a period called ‘De Wederopbouw’ or ‘The Reconstruction. In a short period of time, Rotterdam reinvented itself with new buildings in an austere, modern, efficient and pragmatic style.



如今人们再回顾这一战后时期时可以看到，许多战后的建筑都成为了现代的丰碑，在其他城市看似普通的五六十年代建筑在鹿特丹就是伟大的纪念碑，当历史城市中心被摧毁时，人们便会小心翼翼地保护着剩下的建筑。

Today we look back on this post-war period with pride. Many of these young post-war buildings are declared monuments. Buildings which in other cities might be seen as common fifties and sixties buildings are monuments in Rotterdam. When your complete historic city center is destroyed you are very careful with whatever buildings are left.





“Wederopbouw”时期修剪的建筑便包含位于城市北部Overschie地区的一座教堂，它建造于1953年，仅仅使用了65年，这是因为荷兰社会迅速的世俗化，只有46%的荷兰人认为自己信奉宗教，这座教堂已经不再用于礼拜，只是名义上的教堂而已，因此它被改造为其他功能的建筑，这样的做法在荷兰很常见。

One of the buildings built in this ‘Wederopbouw’ period was the Church in Overschie in the northern part of the city. Built in 1953, it only served as a church for about 65 years. This was caused by the rapid secularization of Dutch society. Only 46% of the Dutch say that they are religious. Since the church was not used for worshipping anymore but was a listed building the only option was to transform the church into another kind of building. A development which is quite common nowadays in the Netherlands.





鹿特丹HOYT Architecten事务所受邀设计该项目，其困难便在于需要充分考虑三个不同的利益相关者的需求，主教是这座建筑曾经的业主，希望新功能仍然保持对原功能的敬意，而城市角度则希望保留建筑原有的纪念碑形象，项目开发商的目标则是认为公寓是最好的选择，HOYT Architecten事务所并不希望让旧建筑完全焕然一新，但是他们也希望设计出自由且优秀的建筑。

The Rotterdam firm of HOYT Architecten was selected as the designer for the project. The difficulty of the design was that it had to consider the interests of three very different stakeholders. The bishop as the previous owner of the building wanted the new function is not bet too profane, the City was the protection of its young monument and the developer wanted the most efficient plan with the best apartments. HOYT Architecten didn’t want to polish away the old building, but they also wanted the freedom to design the best houses.



建筑师们通过草图的形式对建筑进行了很大的修改，他们保留了教堂的部分特征，因为他们认为当前的教堂特征也应该在公寓中拥有一席之地，因此，除了在屋顶增加两个楼层之外，其他的干预几乎没有，新的窗户也添加得不多，框架隐藏在墙体的后侧，并且应用橡木门作为主要入口。诸如尖塔、祭坛、中堂等教堂的主要元素都尽量保持原样。

After some sketches in which the architect proposed to alter the building very much, they came up with a design that left the character of the church intact. The architects decided that the current church should also be leading in the design of the apartments. This led to minimal interventions on the outside except for two added layers on top of the roof. New windows we added sparsely with frames hidden behind the wall and they kept the main entrance with the oakwood doors. The defining elements of a church, the tower, the altar, and the nave were all kept as much as possible untouched.



在建筑的内部，旧教堂的结构也十分神圣，公寓环绕中央走廊而设计，当人们进入教堂时，原有的高度得以保留在大厅之中，人们可以看到大型的彩色玻璃窗，这两个玻璃窗是主教留下的能够融入设计方案的宗教物品。

Also, on the inside, the structure of the old church was ‘holy’. The apartments were carefully designed around the central corridor. When you enter the church, the original height was kept in a large hall with a view of the monumental stained-glass window. The two enormous round-stained glass windows were among the very few religious items left by the bishop which could be integrated into the design.







建筑师并不希望将公寓设计成一个单纯的白色方盒子，而是希望能够将人工元素和旧建筑元素整合到建筑之中，一间公寓厨房之中包含有教堂的巨大保险柜，其他公寓则有着砖石拱门，还有一些公寓有着忏悔室的阳台，尖塔内是狭窄且高空间的公寓，祭坛的上方是大型阁楼。

The architect didn’t want to design anonymous white boxes as apartments but instead whenever possible integrated artifacts and elements of the old building in the house. One apartment has the giant safe of the church in its kitchen, other apartments have masonry arches, and some houses have a balcony on the confessional. There is a very narrow but high apartment in the tower and a large loft above the altar.



为了让设计方案更加可行，建筑师们在教堂顶部额外设计了8套公寓，一些粗野主义的设计策略很符合“Wederopbouw”时期的理性建筑，屋顶元素也有着环绕现有基础所建造的全新基础。

In order to make the plan feasible, the architect designed 8 extra apartments on top of the church. The somewhat brutalist design fits remarkably well with the rational architecture of the ‘Wederopbouw’ period. This element on the roof has its own new foundation built around the existing foundation.



























建筑设计：HOYT Architecten
类型：适应性再利用
时间：2022年
摄影：Ossip van Duivenbode
承包商/施工方：Van Wijnen Stolwijk
结构设计团队：CAE Delft
开发商：Ro-ok Rotterdam
城市：鹿特丹
国家：荷兰

ADAPTIVE REUSE
ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS
Architects: HOYT Architecten
Year: 2022
Photographs: Ossip van Duivenbode
Contractor / Builders: Van Wijnen Stolwijk
Structural Engineer Team: CAE Delft
Developer: Ro-ok Rotterdam
City: Rotterdam
Country: The Netherlands