布达佩斯Danubio大楼
Danubio Budapest Building / T2.a Architects

由专筑网小R编译

Danubio住宅大楼近期已经竣工，建筑位于匈牙利布达佩斯多瑙河畔，由T2a建筑事务所设计，建筑呼应了特别的城市与自然肌理，推翻了城市地产开发商的原有规则，满足了这样一个设计理念，即可持续发展不仅仅是一个趋势，同时也做到了许多曾经存在但现已废弃的建筑策略，建筑师以现代化的形式使它们得以重塑。

Text description provided by the architects. Designed by T2a Architects and completed recently on the site of a former river gravel pit on the banks of the Danube in Budapest, the Danubio residential building responds to the unique urban and natural environment, partially overriding the rules of Budapest real estate developers, and realizes a concept that treats sustainability not only as a slogan but also revives many pre-existing but now forgotten architectural solutions and recreates them in a modern, timeless form.







项目场地位于曾经的工业区域FOKA海湾南侧、布达佩斯城市中心北侧，这里在上世纪60年代曾经用于开发石料，其名字也来源于运营商，后来在90年代便不再使用，开发商于2016年发起了招标，其目的是为一座住宅大楼征集复杂的规划方案，其中包含有360套公寓和周边配套设施，这座建筑建造于独特的工业场地上，将复兴多瑙河，并且和景观建立联系。

Location. The site is located north of downtown Budapest on the southern side of the FOKA Bay, a former industrial area and harbor, which was created around the 1960s as a result of gravel mining and named after the former operator and abandoned in the 1990s. The aim of the invitation to tender launched by the developer in 2016 was to draw up a complex development plan for a residential building with around 360 apartments and its surroundings, to be built on a unique industrial "brown site" to revitalize with a direct connection to the Danube and a panoramic view.



为了让曾经的工业场地能够适合居住，那么就需要将基础设施进行重新规划，在设计的初始阶段，建筑师就对FOKA海湾进行了自然修复，比如进行物理上的连接，开辟公共区域通道等等，和开发项目一起构建公共区域，连接了海湾和Creek地区，完善防洪、道路，以及公共设施。

To make the former industrial site suitable for housing and public areas, major infrastructure investments and a complex development strategy were needed. From the very beginning of the planning process, our concept included the natural rehabilitation of the FOKA Bay and the provision of physical connectivity and public access to the public areas. Together with the development public areas have been created thus the Bay and the Creek areas are now connected, and all the flood protection, road, and utility systems have been completed.



建筑的设计概念最初来源于城市的宏观角度，表达了项目的规模、品质，以及城市联系，其目的是表达拥有迷人立面的建筑体系，同时也是一个可供多方位、多角度欣赏的建筑，通过细部设计来呼应自然与城市，建筑师构思的建筑体量上部结构相互连接，一方面遵循并且利用了不规则的几何场地特征，另一方面也是对国家游泳中心的建筑体量作出呼应。

Concept. The architectural concept was first approached from an urban point of view, mapping scale and mass and urban connections. The aim was to design not just a condominium with an attractive façade, but a building that could be viewed from multiple angles and distances, responding to both the natural and built urban environment with equal detail. As a solution, a building volume consisting of two connected superstructure parts was created, which on the one hand follows and exploits the strange geometric features of the site and on the other hand reacts dynamically to the adjacent mass of the National Swimming Centre.





建筑不仅仅有着城市意义，还拥有实际的功能和能源效益，其两个部分的相互关系使得多瑙河和海湾的朝向最大化，建筑的外侧表面也起到了被动能量装置的作用，楼板边缘有着凸起的白色飞檐，每个楼层向南侧偏移53厘米，给立面上的开窗提供了遮阳功能，同时也让更多的光线从北侧进入公寓。

The building's volume has a practical functional and energetical purpose in addition to its urban presence. The mass of the two parts of the building and their relationship to each other allows the maximization of the frontal surfaces towards the Danube and the Bay. The dynamic, 'stepping outwards' mass of the building also acts as a passive energy device. The accentuated white cornices on the edges of the floors, offset by 53 cm per level to the south, shade and protect the surfaces of the façade windows from direct sunlight while allowing more diffused light to enter the apartments from the north.





对于开发商而言，建筑中不同尺度和布局的公寓比例是一个复杂的问题，因此T2.a建筑事务所设计了一个灵活的建筑与结构系统，可以快速灵活地改变不同尺寸和类型的公寓数量，为了动态跟踪不断变化的客户需求，建筑师甚至开发了独特的算法程度，在设计过程中能够自由地更改模块公寓单元。

The proportion of different sizes and layouts of dwellings within a building is always a particular dilemma for developers. Therefore, a flexible architectural and structural system was designed by T2.a Architects that allowed for a quick and flexible change in the number of different sizes and types of apartments ("S/M/L/XL"). To dynamically follow the changing client needs, an own algorithmic application was in-house developed by the architects, which allowed the change of the modular apartment units quickly and freely during the design process.



建筑立面上最为独特的元素是白色的水平飞檐，它环绕着每个楼层，这是定制的铝板结构，也成为了强大的功能要素，强调了建筑的活力特征，拥有遮阳防雨的功能，公寓环绕着核心筒而排布，分布在9个楼层中，也包含了地面层，每个楼层包含有4至5套公寓，大型住宅连接着两个相对的立面，而小住宅则朝向南侧立面，多瑙河旁的V形A部分和面向海湾的L形B部分共包含有350套公寓，在两层地下室还有停车区域，该区域比地面层稍微高出一部分，因此车库的结构体系也起到了防洪功能。

The most distinctive element of the building's façade is the white-colored horizontal cornice, the "wing profile", which runs around each level. This custom-designed and manufactured aluminum structure, curving around the corners is a trademark, a strong design and functional element that emphasizes the dynamism of the building and provides rain protection and shading. The apartments are arranged in a clustered system around the vertical cores, with a total of nine residential levels, including the ground floor, with typically four or five apartments per level and staircase. The large dwellings are connecting the two opposite facades, while the smaller dwellings face the south elevation. The V-shaped 'A' building part next to the Danube and the L-shaped 'B' building part facing the Bay have a total of around 350 apartments, including car storage on the two basement levels. The basement garage levels are elevated a half level above the ground so that the watertight reinforced concrete structure of the garage also acts as a flood protection structure.





公寓的窗户和建筑结构的纵向轴线呈现90度夹角，因此锯齿形立面拥有河流的全线景观，除此之外也在公寓的露台之间构成了声学和视线之间的分离，每套公寓都有着大型露台空间，这是室内空间的直接延续，也是公寓的室外生活区，具有真正的功能性，而这些保护良好的表面却很少裸露在空气当中，因此主要采用了天然的木材建造。

The windows of the apartments have been rotated at 90 degrees to the angle to the longitudinal axis of the building structure, thus the "sawtooth" façade orients the terraces towards the river and the panorama while providing visual and acoustic separation between the terraces of the apartments. Each apartment has a large, covered terrace space, which is a direct continuation of the interior spaces. The terraces have been designed as outdoor living areas for the apartments, as real utility areas. These well-protected surfaces are less exposed to the weather, therefore are dominated by natural wood as a typical material.







使用者在公共区域能够看到天花板，这是一个由实木贴面的铝板体系，地面由木板塑料组合而成，让人感到温馨和舒适，同时也给人一种优雅的感受，在如今的建筑中，竖向交通主要用作消防疏散，电梯则是主要的交通工具，因此它们一般都封闭存在于核心筒之中，建筑师在该项目中决定将交通体系设计于建筑立面的开放空间，结合玻璃观光电梯和悬浮楼梯，使用者可以从一个充满自然采光的公共区域去往公寓，这里拥有着全线景观，可以称之为一段非凡的旅程。

The ceiling, visible from the public areas as well but also dominant when sitting on the terrace, is an aluminum system with real wood veneer, the flooring decks are made of wood–plastic composite. This gives a warm and cozy feel but also gives an elegant and quality appearance for the occupants. In today’s building vertical staircases typically serve merely as fire evacuation routes, with elevators as tools for practical and rapid vertical movement thus they are enclosed in closed reinforced concrete cores. It was therefore an important decision to locate the circulation cores in generous and open spaces on the building's facade, where panoramic elevators are moving in glazed towers in the same space as the levitating staircases. The apartments can be approached from a common area well-lit by natural light, oriented towards the panorama, creating an exceptional journey for all the habitants.



在规划设计的初始阶段，建筑师就考虑了可持续发展，因为建筑的高品质也使得其使用寿命更长，维护成本更低，从能源角度来说，除了体量的能源被动控制作用，建筑的能源供应完全来源于可再生能源，冷却与加热能源来源于安装在屋顶上的空气水热泵，同时热水也由供暖系统提供，由于多个技术策略，这座建筑成为了匈牙利首座、也是唯一一座获得BREEAM Excellent认证的大型住宅建筑。

Sustainability has been a priority from the very beginning of the planning process. The most important aspect is that a building of high architectural and technical quality has a longer lifespan and is more economical to maintain. From an energetical point of view, in addition to the passive energy control role of massing, the building's energy supply needed to be supplied almost entirely from renewable energy. Cooling and heating energy is provided by air-to-water heat pumps installed on the roof of each staircase core, while hot water is supplied by a district heating system, also based on renewable energy. Thanks to several other technical solutions, like to use of locally quarried gravel for the rehabilitation of the adjacent FOKA Bay public area, the building is the first and only large-scale residential building in Hungary to achieve BREEAM Excellent certification.





























建筑设计：T2.a Architects
类型：住宅
面积：40000 m2
时间：2022年
摄影：Zsolt Batár
制造商：Technowood, ALUKÖNIGSTAHL, Schüco
主创建筑师：Bence Turanyi
结构工程：Lapidárium Engineering Ltd.
机电工程：Agorex Kft.
景观设计：Gardenworks
项目建筑师：Gábor Balla, Tamás Fülöp, Bálint Laczkó-Pető
团队成员：Renáta Gyurcsó, Péter Oravecz, Dániel Pauer, Gábor Sziki, Zita Belevári
结构工程：Zoltán V.Nagy | Lapidárium Engineering Ltd.
消防工程：Lajos Takács | Takács-Tetra
Mep工程：Csaba Makáry | Agorex Kft.
景观设计：András Kuhn | Gardenworks
消防：Takács-Tetra
城市：布达佩斯
国家：匈牙利

HOUSING, RESIDENTIAL
BUDAPEST, HUNGARY
Architects: T2.a Architects
Area: 40000 m2
Year: 2022
Photographs:Zsolt Batár
Manufacturers:  Technowood, ALUKÖNIGSTAHL, Schüco
Lead Architect: Bence Turanyi
Structure Engineers: Lapidárium Engineering Ltd.
MEP Engineers: Agorex Kft.
Landscape Desgin: Gardenworks
Project Architects: Gábor Balla, Tamás Fülöp, Bálint Laczkó-Pető
Team Members: Renáta Gyurcsó, Péter Oravecz, Dániel Pauer, Gábor Sziki, Zita Belevári
Structure Engineer: Zoltán V.Nagy | Lapidárium Engineering Ltd.
Fire Engineer: Lajos Takács | Takács-Tetra
Mep Engineer: Csaba Makáry | Agorex Kft.
Landscape Designer: András Kuhn | Gardenworks
Fire Protection: Takács-Tetra
City: Budapest
Country: Hungary