亲生物假说在建筑中的应用
Biophilia is the desire to connect with nature

由专筑网张紫叶，小R编译

亲生物假说（也称为BET）表明，人类具有寻求与自然和其他生命形式联系的天生倾向。爱德华·威尔逊（Edward O. Wilson）在他的书《biophilia》（1984）中将亲生物定义为“与其他生命形式建立联系的冲动”。

研究表明，在工作环境中采用亲生物设计技术可以提高员工的幸福感，从而促进经济效益，减少对健康的负面影响，公司每年能够为此为每位员工节省数百欧元。

将户外活动带入家中是与大自然重新联系的绝佳方式，使用室内植物能够增加美感。鲜活植物不仅有助于净化空气，还可以带来宁静的氛围。例如：在花盆里种植上绿植、将悬挂在天花板上的植物亦或是将香草园放置到厨房窗台上。


著名的亲生物项目

欣赏亲生物设计的最佳地点是欧洲，从几个世纪前建造的古老建筑中也可以找到自然元素。此外，随着对环境、整体生活和员工拥有劳逸结合权利的认识不断提高，重要的建筑法规已经到位。考虑到这一点，现代建筑师也设计了一些亲生物建筑的例子，每个项目都展示了独特的工艺和有趣的解决方案。

The biophilia hypothesis (also called BET) suggests that humans possess an innate tendency to seek connections with nature and other forms of life. Edward O. Wilson introduced and popularized the hypothesis in his book, Biophilia (1984). He defines biophilia as "the urge to affiliate with other forms of life".
Studies show that biophilic design techniques employed in work environments increase employee well-being and therefore help other financial benefits such as reducing the use of sick days. Annual savings for a company can amount to hundreds of euros per employee.
Bringing the outdoors inside your home is an excellent way to reconnect with nature. Use indoor houseplants in your home to add beauty. Live plants not only help purify the air inside your home, but also promote a peaceful atmosphere. Add greenery to pots, dragging plants hanging from the ceiling and a herb garden to the kitchen windowsill.

Famous biophilic projects of Europe
The best place to appreciate biophilic design is in the European architectural landscape, where natural elements can also be found in ancient structures built centuries ago. Additionally, with the growing awareness of the environment, holistic living and employee rights to have a proper job, important building regulations have been put in place. With this in mind, modern architects are designing some of the best examples of biophilic buildings, each project exhibiting unique workmanship and interesting and beautiful solutions.


1. 西班牙，Selgas Cano

建筑公司Selgas Cano位于马德里，以空气动力学管的形式设了其工作空间，在这里员工可以欣赏到周围美丽森林的壮丽景色。



弯曲的玻璃纤维墙赋予建筑空气动力学外观，让自然光进入空间。沿着墙壁排列的办公桌使员工能够更好地贴近大自然，而球形灯笼则在夜间照亮工作空间。结构的一半浸入土地，从而形成了一个天然的绝缘系统。这在炎热的夏天特别有用，当建筑冷却下来时便不需要空调。

1.Selgas Cano, Spain
Located in Madrid, the Spanish architecture firm Selgas Cano designed its office in the form of an aerodynamic tube, which includes its employees with a magnificent view of the beautiful forest that surrounds them.
The curved fiberglass wall gives the building an aerodynamic look and allows natural light to enter the space. Desks lined up along the wall allow employees to stay level with the forest floor, while spherical lanterns light up workspaces at night. Half of the structure is immersed in the earth, which creates a natural system of insulation. This is especially useful during hot summers, when the building cools down without the need for air conditioning.


2. 树屋酒店，瑞典

树屋酒店，也被称为镜立方体，是一系列位于树顶的建筑，为客人提供独一无二的体验。酒店位于哈拉兹村附近，因其靠近北极圈而独树一帜。该项目来源于设计师 Tham & Videgård Arkitekter，结构是一个4 X 4 X 4米的铝制镜面玻璃立方体。酒店悬挂在树干上，人们可通过与邻近树木相连的索桥进入。



整个建筑的外立面与周围的森林相映成趣。此外，玻璃还夹有一定带宽的紫外线颜色。这样可以防止鸟类与玻璃相撞。内部由胶合板制成，可容纳两人。

2.Tree House Hotel, Sweden
The Tree House Hotel, also known as the Mirror Cube, is a series of tree-top hotels that offer guests a one-of-a-kind experience. Located near the village of Harads, the hotel is unique for its proximity to the Arctic Circle. Born from an idea of the designers Tham & Videgård Arkitekter, the structure is a 4 X 4 X 4 meter cube in aluminum and mirrored glass. Hanging from a tree trunk, the hotel is accessed via a rope bridge connected to the neighboring tree.
The entire structure is camouflaged by the external facade which reflects the surrounding forest. In addition, the glasses are laminated with a certain bandwidth of ultraviolet color. This prevents the birds from colliding with the glass. The interior is made of plywood and can accommodate two people.


3. 垂直森林， 意大利

这是欧洲最雄心勃勃的亲生物项目，位于米兰。Verticale意味着“Bosco式垂直”，代表了意大利建筑师Stefano Boeri为解决城市空气污染而提供的令人印象深刻的解决方案。据统计，米兰是欧洲污染最严重的城市之一。



摩天大楼住宅区的植物种类繁多，包括灌木、小型植物和大型乔木。例如，Porta Nuova Isola 社区就有 500 多棵大中型乔木、300 多棵小乔木、5,000 多棵灌木和 11,000 多棵植物。这些植物每年能将 44 000 磅二氧化碳转化为氧气。这些树木还能起到阻挡灰尘颗粒、过滤噪音和天然冷却剂的作用。空中树艺师会定期对植被进行梳理，并对树木进行检查，以确保它们在 400 英尺的高空是安全的。

3.Bosco Verticale, Italy
One of the most ambitious biophilic projects in Europe is located in Milan. Vertical Meaning "Bosco Verticale", Bosco Verticale represents an impressive solution by the Italian architect Stefano Boeri to address the city's air pollution. According to statistics, Milan is one of the most polluted cities in Europe.
Residential skyscrapers are home to a diverse range of flora including shrubs, small plants, and large trees. For example, the Porta Nuova Isola neighborhood has over 500 medium and large trees, 300 small trees, 5,000 shrubs and 11,000 plants. These plants have the ability to convert 44,000 pounds of carbon dioxide into oxygen on an annual basis. The trees also act as a screen for dust particles, a noise filter and a natural coolant. Aerial arborists regularly groom vegetation, and examine trees to make sure they are safe at heights of 400 feet.


4. 巴伐利亚霍夫酒店， 德国

由Jouin Manku工作室设计，慕尼黑的巴伐利亚霍夫酒店散发着精致和优雅的气息。使用的自然元素、形状、纹理和颜色让酒店成为客人的避风港。酒店的亮点是休息室。



虽然柔和的绿色纹理构成了墙壁，但客厅地板是地毯、石头和木材等纹理之间的均匀交替。餐厅摊位采用背光面板，模仿巴伐利亚乡村的山区地形。巨大的落地窗让充足的自然光线充满客厅空间。客人可以在木制和皮革装订的家具上放松身心，同时享受坚固的曲线壁炉。此外，露台享有城市和山脉的壮丽景色。

4.Bayerischer Hof Hotel, Germany
Designed by the studio Jouin Manku, the Bayerischer Hof Hotel in Munich exudes sophistication and class. The use of natural elements, shapes, textures and colors ensures that the hotel serves as a haven for guests. One of the highlights of the hotel is its lounge.
While soft green textures make up the walls, the living room floor is a uniform alternation between textures such as carpet, stone and wood. The restaurant booths feature backlit panels carved to mimic the mountainous terrain of the Bavarian countryside. The huge floor-to-ceiling windows allow plenty of natural light to fill the living room space. Guests can unwind on the wooden and leather-bound furniture while enjoying the sturdy curvilinear fireplace. In addition, the terrace offers a breathtaking view of the city and the mountains.


5. Juvet Landscape 酒店， 挪威

挪威 Juvet Landscape Hotel酒店由建筑师Jensen&Skodvin 设计，位于挪威西北部的一个自然保护区内。该酒店可以称自己为欧洲第一家景观酒店。它融合了挪威文化，历史和当代建筑的元素，是传统思想和工艺的产物。



酒店位于挪威乡村阿尔斯塔德的Burtigarden农场，由九间客房组成，不集中在单一的建筑体量上。但为了减少对环境的影响，在岩石中分成小立方体，完全沉浸在大自然中。每个房间都有两张床，深色内饰和一两面全玻璃墙，可欣赏壮观的景观。

5.Juvet Landscape Hotel, Norway
The Juvet Landscape Hotel designed by the architects Jensen & Skodvin is located in a nature reserve in northwestern Norway.
The hotel could call itself the first landscaped hotel in Europe. Blending elements of Norwegian culture, history and contemporary architecture, it is a product of traditional ideas and crafts.
Located on the Burtigarden farm in Alstad, in rural Norway, the hotel consists of nine rooms, not concentrated on a single architectural volume, but to reduce the environmental impact, divided into small cubes among the rocks and completely immersed in nature. The rooms each have two beds, dark interiors and one or two fully glazed walls to enjoy the spectacular landscape.