城市公园De Motten
City Park De Motten

由专筑网若山，小R编译

复原通赫伦杰克河历史的‘De Motten’城市更新公园

“De Motten”作为一处更新的城市休闲公园，复原了杰克河曾流经此处的支流，是优化市中心小气候、提升生活质量的典型案例。

60多年过去，杰克河终于再次流经通赫伦市中心，这座比利时最古老的城市可以追溯到前罗马时期。建筑师希望利用这个曾经被填埋的废弃裸露河床，重新塑造城市内的河道。于是，一处亲水的城市公园围绕着河流建成。如今，这里可供娱乐和休闲的开放空间已成为充满活力的城市聚会场所。

Renovated city park ‘De Motten’ with disclosure of the Jeker River in Tongeren.
The renovation of ‘De Motten’ as a recreational City Park with full disclosure of an historic branch of the Jeker River is a good example of how water can give the transition towards climate adaptation and quality of life a solid boost in city centers.
After more than 60 years the Jeker flows again through the center of the oldest and a former Roman city of Belgium called Tongeren. The aim of the project was to use the disclosure of an old derelict and once-covered riverbed to redesign its surroundings as a valley area within the city. A city park with water experience was created around the river. Today, the area has become a revitalized meeting area with open spaces for recreation and retreat.



该项目以凭借经验恢复自然功能作为设计指南，以古城与自然环境的对比作为设计原则。杰克河沿古城墙流动，形成城市和河谷之间的纽带。这条河流经坚硬的水泥城市和柔软的天然河岸。沿着河流路线，它将打开通往河谷的大门，把东加兰自然保护区（De Kevie）的自然美景和户外体验带到了通赫伦本地人民和外来游客的触手可及之处。

杰克河的新开头，以罗马神“雅努斯（Janus）”作为隐喻，应用了各种过渡形式。重新设计的公园利用超过1公里的杰克河减少了公园及其周围的硬覆盖面积，以实现新的可达性。公园和停车场的原有道路都被拆除，重新在场地外围安置，有的则被移到公园边缘。这样一来，公园形成了一个具有凝聚力的整体，充分发挥作为中央城市公园和河谷的重要纽带的作用。


将历史注入周围环境来实现转型

通过Sweco设计团队的座右铭“共同改变社会”，便可知晓其专注于转型的基本理念。一个新建起的城市公园都将影响很长一段时间，更何况这是一条河流的新起点。设计的出发点是与被遗忘的过去建立联系，重建价值观。因此，建筑师给出的答案是首先重建河床，为这个河流湮灭的城市注入新的生命。河床沿着古罗马和中世纪的城墙延伸。一组新的桥梁连接城市与河谷另一边的公园和生活区。原有的社区花园没有被摧毁或隐藏，而是融入了公园和城市生活。

同时，新打造的流线方案强调了文化遗产、住宅特色和安全的学校环境，让新鲜的空气吹过城市低地的街道。停车场被转移到公园边缘，整合到整个市中心的新配送系统中。没有后续使用的铺装都被拆除，改造成水面和带有人行道和自行车道的绿色开放空间。

The guideline was the restoration of natural functions combined with experiences. The contrast between the old city and the natural environment was used as a design principle. The Jeker follows the old city walls and thus forms the link between the city and the valley. The river has a hard urban and a soft natural bank. Along its course, it opens up the door to the valley and brings the natural treasures and outdoor qualities of ‘De Kevie’ within reach of the people of Tongeren and its visitors.
A new beginning for the Jeker River, with the various forms and meanings of transition embodied by the Roman god ‘Janus’ as a metaphor. In conjunction with the disclosure of the Jeker over more than 1 kilometre and the redesign of the park, the opportunity was taken to reduce the amount of hard-covered surfaces in the park and its surroundings, linked to a new vision of mobility. Existing roads throughout the park and parking lots were removed, and alternatives were sought in the surroundings or partly moved to the edges. The result is now a large cohesive whole that can fully play the role of a central City Park and a vital link in the valley.

Focus on transition by connecting with the past and surroundings
Based on the Sweco motto ‘Transforming society together’, the underlying idea was to focus on transition. A new City Park is created to last a long time, opening up a river even more so. A new beginning is based on the idea of connecting with a forgotten past and reestablishing old key values. The answer was, of course, to begin with, the reconstruction of the riverbed to breathe new life into a place where the city had turned its back on the river. The riverbed follows the old Roman and Medieval ramparts. A set of new bridges rebounds the city with the park and living areas on the other side of the valley. Existing Community gardens were not wiped out or hidden away but integrated into the park and city life.
Meanwhile, a new fresh wind blew through the streets of the lower city with a new circulation plan in function which emphasizes heritage, the residential character and safe school environments. Parking was shifted to the edge and integrated into a new distribution system for the entire city centre. Covered surfaces with no further use were removed and transformed into water surfaces and green open spaces with footpaths and bicycle lanes.




河道遗址上遗留着旧城墙和女修道院
Heritage riverbanks with old ramparts and beguinage

为人类和自然提供亲水体验

杰克河和通赫伦城市一样独特。这座于前罗马时代建设的城市，矗立在靠雨水汇入的河岸上。因此，水流的变化基本来自掌管天气季节之神的突发奇想，或者依赖于人类行为和气候变化。控制各支流的流量可以调节干流河流量和流速，防止旱涝。河道中的鱼梯让上游鱼类可以再度迁徙。

公园的“心脏”和古城下的新景观——“水广场”，坐落在河流弯道处，旁边是“Kastanjewal”古城墙。“水广场”的亲水体验，让水的重要作用变得有形且可见。一座独特的“三尖”桥是画龙点睛之笔。在历史上，这里是古罗马城门与河流相连的十字路口。

Water experiences for humans and nature
The Jeker as a river is just as atypical as the city of Tongeren. A former Roman city based on the banks of a river mainly watered by rainfall. Therefore the water flow varies greatly according to the whims of the weather gods and the seasons, the extent of human water management and the impact of climate changes. Flow control on the different branches regulates the flow and rate of the river to prevent flooding and shortage of water. Fish ladders in the course of the river make upstream fish migration possible again.
In a bend of the river, comfortably nestled against the old ramparts of ‘Kastanjewal’, a new ‘Water Square’ forms the ‘heart’ of the park and a new focal point at the foot of the old city. The ‘Water Square’ makes the vital role of water tangible and visible and links it to experience. A unique ‘three-pointed’ bridge completes the picture was once an old Roman crossroad and gate engaged with the river.





“水广场”遵循地形走势，形成开放的会客空间，并设置了一个以水的体验为中心的圆形剧场。它为所有年龄段的人提供了一个安全、可控的亲水环境，在视觉上与杰克河相连，虽然事实并非如此。夏天，这里可以用作游戏喷泉，而冬天则可以被改造成滑冰池。等到市中心的整个供水系统修复完成，这里的供水则同时来源于从山上流下来的干净雨水和自来水。

The ‘Water Square’ follows the natural contours of the terrain and forms an open meeting space with a lowered amphitheatre centred around the experience of water. It forms a safe and controlled water environment for all ages that is visually linked to the Jeker without actually being connected to it. In summer it’s being used as a play fountain while in winter it can be transformed into an ice-skating pond. Ultimately, when the entire water system of the city centre is remediated, it will be fed by clean rainwater flowing down from the hill, but in the meantime, it’s still being fed by tap water.







复杂项目中的“BUUR touch”

正是因为有各个政府机构和行政部门合作参与这个强大的“设计流程驱动”项目，“De Motten”和杰克河的修复才如此成功。这是Sweco设计团队和BUUR所代表的跨学科方法的典型例子。对涉及众多学科、有各类合作伙伴参与的复杂任务时，设计本身是关键。一方面要在所有的评估和决策步骤中实现目标和预期，另一方面是在整个过程中明确传达关键信息。

利益相关者和公众见证了整个项目的发展，从一个可行的方案，到在技术上得到证实。从勘测、总体规划、设计再到执行，整个过程在短短5年内完成，已实现90%的总体规划。


成果

现在，每个人都可以在公园里找到各种形式的休闲活动。运动、遗产、自然和文化在城市公园中发挥着核心作用，成为许多骑行和步行路线的起点，为公共空间和地方流动带来了显著的改善。这项有益的公共行动，有助于营造一个安全愉快的生活环境，加强老城区的旅游和娱乐潜力，凝聚了社区的社会网络。作为一个新的“打卡点”，公园和河岸得到了广泛的支持，促使这里成为一个美丽、且有意义的聚会场所。

被卸下了铺装的地表面积超出一公顷。设计团队看到了河流沿岸自然功能的恢复能力，对河谷和城市环境都有重大意义。后来，通赫伦市政府又选择在这里实施气候适应计划中的总目标。因此，该市最近在公园内额外种植了200棵“气候树”。

2021年，“复原通赫伦杰克河历史的‘De Motten’城市更新公园”获得了公共空间奖。区域知识中心公共空间所每年都会为佛兰德斯的“最佳”公共空间颁发奖项。公共空间奖是对项目良好调试、高质量设计和执行过程的著名表彰。专业人士和公众都可以为其最喜欢的项目投票。设计团队为这一认可到非常自豪，表示未来将继续致力于可持续公共空间的设计。

The ‘BUUR touch’ in complex projects
‘De Motten’ and disclosure of the Jeker is the result of a successful collaboration between various governmental institutions and administrations that took part in a strong ‘design and process-driven’ project. It’s an example of the interdisciplinary approach that we at Sweco and BUUR stand for. Within a complex assignment and constellation of actors involving many disciplines and partners, design was key. Not only to carry the goals and ambitions through all the steps of evaluations and decision-making but also to clearly communicate the core message throughout the entire process.
With visual power, both stakeholders and the general public were involved in an intensive journey with a compelling story that was feasible and technically substantiated. From survey through masterplan and design to execution, the entire process was completed in the short lead-time of 5 years and with 90% of the masterplan already realized.

Results
Today everyone can find some form of leisure activity or retreat in the park. Sports, heritage, nature and culture play a central role in a City Park that is the starting point for many cycling and hiking routes. The result is a significant improvement of the public domain and local mobility. A useful public action that supports a safe and pleasant living environment and one that strengthens the tourist and recreational potential of the old city centre. The social network of the neighbourhood was strengthened. As a new ‘crowd favorite’ the park and riverbanks receive broad support which let them grow into a beautiful and meaningful meeting place.
Over more than a hectare of covered surfaces were depaved. We’ve seen a restoration of natural functions along the course of the river, both in the valley and the urban environment. Afterwards, the city council of Tongeren implemented the overall vision and goals in its climate adaptation plan. As a result the city recently planted 200 extra ‘climate trees’ within the park.
In 2021 the ‘Renovated city park ‘De Motten’ with disclosure of the Jeker River in Tongeren’ won the Public Space Prize. Every year, the Regional Knowledge Center for Public Space presents an award for the‘best’ public space in Flanders. The Public Space Prize is a prestigious recognition for good commissioning and high-quality design and execution of a project. Both professionals and the general public can cast its vote for its favourite project. We are very proud for this recognition, and we will continue to work on the design of sustainable public spaces in the future.









项目信息
景观事务所：Sweco（比利时）、Sweco（基础设施部门）
设计团队：Sweco Belgium
项目类型：文化遗产/公园/河道/水景
客户：通赫伦市政府
项目地点：比利时，通赫伦
项目年份：2015-2019
项目摄影：Bram Goots

Project Data
Landscape Architecture: Sweco Belgium and the Infrastructure division of Sweco
designed by Sweco Belgium
Type: Cultural Heritage / Parks / Riverbanks / Water features
Client: City of Tongeren
Location: Belgium, Tongeren
Date: 2015-2019
Photo: Bram Goots