Fielden Fowles creates "living laboratory" in Natural History Museum gardens
由专筑网郑京，小R编译
伦敦Feilden Fowles建筑工作室和 J&L Gibbons工作室一起对伦敦自然历史博物馆的花园进行了改造，围绕两座木结构建筑种植了景观植物。
这是该博物馆 140 年来的首次大修。博物馆的花园被划分为不同的区域，通过景观种植和标识讲述地球物种的故事。
Planted landscapes are woven around a pair of timber-framed buildings in the Natural History Museum gardens in London, revamped by local studios Feilden Fowles and J&L Gibbons.
Overhauled for the first time in the museum's 140-year history, the gardens have been divided into different zones with planting and signage that aim to tell the story of life on Earth.
▲ Fielden Fowles建筑工作室和 J&L Gibbons工作室重新设计了自然历史博物馆的花园
Fielden Fowles and J&L Gibbons have redesigned the Natural History Museum gardens
据Fielden Fowles和 J&L Gibbons工作室所说，该项目的目标是在提高城市景观的生物多样性、最大限度地提高花园的可达性的同时，保留博物馆建筑的原始状态，这座建筑由建筑师Alfred Waterhouse设计。
设计团队还引入了一系列学习和研究自然的设施，让儿童、科学家和志愿者们能够对花园进行观察。
According to Feilden Fowles and J&L Gibbons, the goal of the project is to boost the biodiversity of the urban landscape and maximise the accessibility of the gardens, all while remaining sensitive to the architecture of the Grade I-listed museum by architect Alfred Waterhouse.
The team also aimed to introduce a range of nature-based learning and research facilities, allowing the gardens to be observed by children, scientists and volunteers.
▲ 古生物学大楼旁边设计了一个花园厨房
The Garden Kitchen sits beside the Palaeontology building
建筑设计师Edmund Fowles说：“我们设计的核心指导思想，便是尊重这个由Alfred Waterhouse建筑师设计的博物馆标志性的一级保护建筑遗产，它被称为‘自然大教堂’，他的设计非常著名，正面有着复杂的动植物装饰，东翼是灭绝物种，西翼是现存或幸存的自然物种。这个想法也在花园的设计中得到了很好的体现。”
"Respecting the heritage of the museum's iconic Grade I-listed building, designed by Alfred Waterhouse and dubbed a 'cathedral to nature', was a core guiding principle," architect Edmund Fowles told Dezeen.
"Waterhouse's famous facade boasts intricate decoration of flora and fauna, with extinct species on the east wing and extant, or surviving, nature on the west," he continued. "This idea is beautifully reflected through the design of the gardens."
▲ 另增建了一座名为“自然活动中心”的建筑
Another building called the Nature Activity Centre has been added
工作室的设计是自然历史博物馆城市自然项目的一部分，当前社会气候变化和城市化威胁日益加剧，该项目则在城市地区进行自然环境保护。
博物馆的高级项目经理Natalie Tacq说：“花园是这个项目的一部分，已经被改造成一个可达的绿色空间，它将成为人和野生动物的避风港，一个‘生态实验室’，让博物馆的花园成为世界上同类研究最深入的地点之一。”
The studios' design forms part of the Natural History Museum's Urban Nature Project, which is focused on protecting nature in urban areas that are becoming increasingly threatened by climate change and urbanisation.
"As part of this project, the gardens have been transformed into an accessible green space that will be a haven for people and wildlife, and a living laboratory that will make the gardens one of the most intensively studied sites of its kind in the world," said the museum's senior project manager Natalie Tacq.
▲ 自然活动中心设计有一个悬挑的屋顶
The Nature Activity Centre has an overhanging roof
博物馆花园景观划分出了不同的区域，包括“进化花园”、“自然活动中心”、“自然探索花园”和“花园厨房”。
据Fielden Fowles建筑工作室称，“进化花园”种植了能够呈现生物学远久历史的绿色植物，包括从 5.4 亿年前的寒武纪到现在的地质历史时期。
The different areas carved out within the landscape are the Evolution Garden, the Nature Activity Centre, the Nature Discovery Garden and the Garden Kitchen.
According to Feilden Fowles, the Evolution Garden was planted with greenery that tells the story of deep time – the stretch of geological history from the Cambrian period 540 million years ago to the present day.
▲ 设计团队借鉴了维多利亚时代的建筑
It takes cues from Victorian architecture. Photo by Jim Stephenson
花园厨房位于博物馆现代主义古生物学大楼的地下室下方，以这些绿色植物为背景。虽然华苑厨房目前尚未正式开放，但它包含厨房、储藏室、浴室、多功能厅和植物室等多个功能区。
这座 660 平方米的线性建筑由石灰石和木材组合而成，其设计风格取自如橘园和棕榈屋等维多利亚式结构。
This forms a backdrop to the Garden Kitchen, which slots beneath the undercroft of the museum's modernist Palaeontology building. Though yet to officially open, it contains kitchens, storage, bathrooms, a function room and a plant room.
The linear 660-square-metre building is formed from a combination of limestone and timber and takes visual cues from Victorian structures such as orangeries and palm houses.
▲ 池塘内有一条下沉式通道
There is a sunken pathway within the ponds. Photo by Jim Stephenson
同时，场地西侧的“自然探索花园”也进行了景观设计，展示着英国各种类型的自然栖息地。它的设计旨在尽量减少对同一地块上现有的野生动物花园的干扰。
这个花园也是 220 平方米的“自然活动中心”的所在地，并提供了从西北方向进入博物馆的一条新的入口通道。
Meanwhile, the Nature Discovery Garden at the west of the site is landscaped to illustrate various natural habitats in the UK. It was designed to minimise disruption to a pre-existing wildlife garden on the same plot.
This garden is also home to the 220-square-metre Nature Activity Centre and provides an access route to a new entrance into the museum from the northwest.
▲ 一只真人大小的恐龙模型坐落在花园里
A life-size model of a dinosaur sits in the gardens. Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum
与“花园厨房”类似，“自然活动中心”也有一个由木材和石头建造的线性结构。它的顶部是一个由木材制成的悬挑屋顶，并设计有雨水收集集成系统。
该结构贯穿于博物馆中保护树根的区域，其中容纳了科学工作和监测、花园维护和教学的混合设施。
Similarly to the Garden Kitchen, the Nature Activity Centre has a linear form built with timber and stone. It is crowned by an overhanging roof made from timber, which integrates a rainwater collection system.
The structure cuts between areas with protected tree roots and houses a mix of facilities for scientific work and monitoring, garden maintenance and teaching.
▲ 花园标识讲述着地球地球物种的故事
The gardens aim to tell the story of life on Earth. Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum
据 Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室介绍，这两座建筑有着相似的美学风格，有助于保持整个场地的风格统一，同时，它们的高度也与Alfred Waterhouse建筑师设计的博物馆的基准线保持一致。
设计团队说：“我们将这两座建筑设想成兄妹建筑，它们共享着诸如线性规划、转角入口、分层承重石墙和外露的木框架屋顶等元素。这种简洁、原始的语言意在经久不衰，但一些细微的点缀，比如旋转的、略带装饰的角柱，是对Alfred Waterhouse杰作中某些更为华丽和俏皮的装饰的致敬。”
花园的设计还包括花园小径上的装饰性黄铜镶嵌和引用自然历史学家David Attenborough话语的青铜字母。同时，由白垩和燧石等材料制成的长椅也点缀在整个景观中，旨在展现不同地质时代元素。花园旁边还设计了一个名为Fern的真人大小的恐龙骨架青铜铸件。
J&L Gibbons 工作室的合伙人Neil Davidson最喜欢的自然历史博物馆的设计是池塘内的下沉式小径。
他说：“我们设计这个空间是为各个年龄段的人们提供便利的机会，让他们接触水中丰富多样的动植物群，参与诸如池塘采样之类的学习活动，并沉浸在湿地栖息地这样的自然环境之中，这在伦敦市中心是非常难得的。”
According to Feilden Fowles, the two buildings share a similar aesthetic to help unify them across the site, while their heights aligns with datums of the Waterhouse-designed museum.
"The two buildings were conceived as brother and sister, sharing motifs such as their linear plans, expressed corner entrances, layered, load-bearing stone facades and expressed timber framed roofs," said Fowles.
"This simple, primitive language is intended to be timeless and yet small flourishes of detail, such as rotated, and faintly ornamented corner columns are a nod to some of the more exuberant and witty decoration of Waterhouse's masterpiece."
Completing the gardens are decorative brass inlays in the pathways and bronze letters quoting natural historian David Attenborough. Benches that evoke different geological eras are also dotted throughout the landscape, formed of materials including chalk and flint, alongside a life-size bronze cast of a dinosaur skeleton called Fern.
J&L Gibbons partner Neil Davidson's favourite feature is the sunken pathway within the ponds.
"We designed this space to provide accessible opportunities for everyone of all ages to engage with the rich diversity of flora and fauna in the water, to participate in learning activities such as pond dipping and to be immersed in the wetland habitats which is a rare opportunity in a central London location," he told Dezeen.
▲ 两座建筑均由木材和石材建成
Both buildings are made of wood and stone. Photo by Jim Stephenson
花园中还为博物馆科学家们们设计了隐蔽的“地下科学监测点网络”，用于观察景观并了解城市地区的自然变化。
Neil Davidson补充说：“这些隐蔽的传感器网络将从整个花园收集音频和环境数据，以帮助博物馆的科学家们了解和支持英国城市的自然环境的恢复。”
Less visible features of the garden include "an underground web of scientific monitoring points" for the museum's scientists to observe the landscape and understand how nature is changing in urban areas.
"The network of sensors that have been sensitively incorporated into the design will gather
audio and environmental data from across the gardens," added Davidson. "This data will help the museum's scientists to understand and support UK urban nature recovery."
▲ “自然活动中心”包含研究设施
The Nature Activity Centre contains research facilities
为了减少项目的碳足迹，项目尽可能使用当地采购的材料。这种被动式设计原则有助于与空气源热泵一起为建筑降温及保暖。
Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室由Fergus Feilden和Fowles于 2009 年在伦敦创立。其近期的其他项目包括剑桥大学的木结构餐厅和约克郡雕塑公园的韦斯顿游客中心。
To reduce the carbon footprint of the project, locally sourced materials have been used where possible. Passive design principles help cool and warm the buildings in tandem with air-source heat pumps.
Feilden Fowles is a London studio founded by Fergus Feilden with Fowles in 2009. Its other recent projects include a timber-framed dining hall at the University of Cambridge and The Weston visitor centre at Yorkshire Sculpture Park.
Photo by Jim Stephenson
Photo by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum
除非另有说明，照片均由Kendal Noctor拍摄。
The photography is by Kendal Noctor unless stated otherwise.
项目信息：
建筑师：Feilden Fowles 建筑工作室
景观设计师：J&L Gibbons 工作室
3D 设计：Gitta Gschwendtner
结构工程师：EngineersHRW
弗恩工程师：Structure Workshop
机械、电气、照明和声学工程师：Max Fordham
主要承包商：Walter Lilly
项目管理：Mace
工料测量师：Mace
可持续发展顾问：Mace
规划顾问：Deloitte and Lichfields
遗产顾问：Purcell
无障碍顾问：Earnescliffe
土木工程：Infrastruct CS
行人流量：Buro Happold
专业种植顾问：Fossil Plants
Project credits:
Architect: Feilden Fowles
Landscape architect: J&L Gibbons
3D design: Gitta Gschwendtner
Structural engineers: EngineersHRW
Fern engineer: Structure Workshop
M&E, Lighting and Acoustic engineers: Max Fordham
Principal contractor: Walter Lilly
Project management: Mace
Quantity surveyor: Mace
Sustainability consultant: Mace
Planning consultant: Deloitte and Lichfields
Heritage consultant: Purcell
Access consultant: Earnescliffe
Civil engineering: Infrastruct CS
Pedestrian flow: Buro Happold
Specialist planting consultant: Fossil Plants
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