奥卡万戈旅舍：可持续的非洲豪华度假酒店
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge : Luxurious African Sustainable Resort
由专筑网范偲慧，严越编译
在见识到这个令人惊叹的项目之前，你能想象在非洲大草原上建造一个奢华的度假酒店，周边是不时出没的大象、狮子和长颈鹿吗？Nicholas Plewman建筑事务所和MBA不仅想了，而且还做到了，更令人佩服的是他们最大程度地减小能源消耗带来的影响，降低对生态的破坏。
A look at the formidable project of Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge by Nicholas Plewman Architects in association with Michaelis Boyd Associates (MBA).
Can you imagine a luxury resort in an African landscape, surrounded by elephants, lions and giraffes, but with a minimal energy impact?
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
传统观念中，好像在一个自然环境中建造一个精致的旅舍并不符合可持续发展的理念，但是奥卡万戈旅舍却告诉我们一切皆有可能。
Nicholas Plewman建筑事务所和MBA通过创意十足的设计和坚定的环保战略，在博茨瓦纳共和国西北部，奥卡万戈三角洲地区，联手打造了最负盛名的旅舍。
奥卡万戈旅舍
这个项目是功能和美学的集成，建筑和自然的融合；通过技术手段让建筑尽量和周边环境融为一体，同时也没有忽略建筑内部的高舒适性和深层次的空间感受。
奥卡万戈河谷是非洲最丰饶的地区之一,在2014年被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。
The idea of a refined hotel in a wild landscape doesn’t seem to fit with the concept of sustainability but Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge is the example which shows this is possible.
Nicholas Plewman Architects, in association with Michaelis Boyd Associates (MBA), took on the challenge of designing a prestigious hotel in the Okavango Delta in northwest Botswana through an interesting design and eco-friendly strategies.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge
The project is a perfect integration between aesthetics and function in a harmonious fusion between architecture and nature; a building which respects the environment through technological solutions without compromising high-quality comforts and deep perception of the space.
Okavango River Valley is one of the most fertile areas of Africa and was conscripted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
由于这片土地有着与众不同的价值和意义,对这里的开发和建设一直被政府严格控制。在政府新条例的把控下，该项目的建筑材料是生物可降解的，70%的电力来自可再生能源。
旅舍的平面图犹如一只穿山甲，也就是非洲的犰狳的形状。这个有机的木结构建筑就像是自然景观的一部分，几乎是消失在整个大环境中。
Due to the value of the land, severe construction restrictions have been imposed by the government. Among the new regulations; building materials had to be biodegradable, and 70% of electricity had to come from renewable sources.
The plan of the lodge is reminiscent of the shape of a pangolin, Africa’s armadillo. The result is an organic wood-shingled structure that nearly disappears into the wild landscape and operates off the grid.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
建筑的整个形态类似于动物收容所或者一个温暖的巢穴，而旅客们就像是被庇护其中的动物，感到温暖而安全。
12个116平米的私密平房分布在旅舍周边，由于该地区的季发性洪水，建筑都由支柱抬离地面，每个小屋内部都保有精致优雅的设计和高舒适度的家具、设施。
The building gives a sense of hospitality and protection due to its resemblance to a shelter of an animal or a warm nest.
Twelve private bungalows of 116 m2 each are placed all around the lodge and elevated from the ground due to the area’s seasonal flooding. Each shelter contains high comforts and an elegant and suggestive design.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
温暖的壁炉和隐蔽的角落提供了一个亲密的空间，通过棕榈树和无花果树木的野生森林宜人的景色。
外观是由私人跳水池和舒适的甲板组成，而室内设计展现了博茨瓦纳工艺品。
Cosy fireplaces and secluded nooks offer an intimate space with a pleasant view through the wild forest of palms and fig trees.
The exterior is comprised of a private plunge pool and a comfortable deck, while the interior design celebrates Botswana crafts.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
整个建筑包括办公室、厨房和餐厅，为旅客们提供美味的当地菜肴。旅舍的主体建筑由胶合松支撑着抬离地面，起伏又不规则，而外墙面则采用加拿大雪松木瓦覆盖，打造一种令人舒适愉悦的视觉效果。
The entire complex includes offices, a kitchen, and a restaurant which offers succulent local dishes. The main building, the lodge, rises from the ground in an undulating metamorphic shape made from glulam pine while the exterior cladding uses Canadian cedar shingles for a pleasant visual quality.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
拱形的弯曲顶棚类似于动物的胸腔，两侧开敞，使空气流通的同时又保持最佳的视野。这样直接接触自然的开放环境，为旅客们提供了个性又特别的体验。
The arched, curved structure of the canopy resembles the ribcage of an animal. It opens on both sides to allow for both the flow of air and an open view to the exterior. This openness suggests a direct contact to nature, providing for a personal and unique experience.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
在设计这个复杂结构的过程中，设计师们面临着一系列问题：主体框架必须被切割成三个部分才能通过艰险的非洲草原运送到指定的场地。好不容易运送到位，木材又因为运送途中的压力或者自身重力原因发生了弯曲导致三部分无法拼接在一起。
这个时候如果丢弃这些材料不仅会造成成本的增加而且等待新的拱形木材的到来又会延误工期。
Designers faced several issues during the design of this complex structure: the frame had to be cut into three sections to be transported through the hard African landscape. But when the timber arrived on the site the pieces had warped and they couldn’t be joined together.
A reject of the material would have increased the costs and it wouldn’t have been good practice as waiting for new arches would have caused significant delay in the works.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
最后，建筑师们决定在CAD上尝试修复拼接，并用大型圆锯在现场对框架进行重新切割。尽管有一些意想不到的问题出现，但是瑕不掩瑜，最后团队还是克服了困难，解决了问题。
为了确保可持续发展，这个项目在材料的采购、生产、装配和处理上都经过精确的计算。
The architects decided to fix the supplied sections in CAD and the frames were re-cut using a large circular saw on the site. Despite the unexpected issue, the imperfections are largely imperceptible and the team ultimately solved the problem.
In order to insure a sustainable development, an accurate use of the material was done in terms of availability, production, assembly and disposals.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
这个综合体90%由木材组成，而且大多取材于当地，从框架结构到室内设计，用到了好几种木材，例如松树、杉树、桉树以及铁线子实木地板。通过色彩、纹理和触感的融合，打造了一种独特的积极氛围。
尽管这里远离现代文明，但是建筑自带一个自给自足、绿色环保的供能系统。
The complex is composed of 90% wood, most of it local. Several types of wood were integrated in the structure and the interior design; pine, cedar, eucalyptus, and massaranduba. A fusion of colours, texture and tactility create a unique atmosphere rich in positive vibes.
Despite being removed from civilization, the building offers an energy system which is completely self-sufficient and environmentally green.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
作为全世界最好的酒店之一，尽管有客观上的能源限制，为了给旅客提供一个高标准的舒适环境，该项目也不能在能源供应上大打折扣。
太阳能供电系统只需要一天运行3-4个小时就能够满足日常需求，热水通过热泵加热循环流经2.5km长的环形主管，做到24小时供应。
Despite energy restrictions, the project couldn’t compromise in terms of consumption in order to offer as high a standard of comfort, as found at the best hotels in the world.
A system of solar panels needs to run only three to four hours a day to cover the energy demand while hot water is delivered instantly through a system of tubes backed up by heat pumps, continuously circulated through a 2.5-kilometre ring main.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
建造和运营期间产生的废水和废土都被收集起来经由认证的生物处理设备净化后才能排放，这么做是为了减少对场地周边环境的影响。
由于始终秉承着绿色环保的理念，这个项目的设计和建造对自然环境和当地野生动物的生存都没有造成太大的影响，旅客们可以随时看到大象、狮子、豹子、长颈鹿、河马等动物在周围出没。
Water and soil waste is collected and pumped through an accredited biological treatment plant in order to reduce the impact on the site.
Through its design the complex has a minimal impact on nature and in the local animals’ lives: elephants, lions, leopards, giraffes and hippos feel free to surround the building and be observed by the visitors.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
奥卡万戈旅舍是综合设计的代表性作品，在这个项目中，美学和空间感受找到了最微妙的平衡，同时又保证了舒适和环保。
除此之外，这个项目尽量保留了周边环境的原始特征，通过私密、温暖的空间，让旅客们在感受到现代化舒适的同时又和自然亲密接触，近距离体验最独特的非洲景观。
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge represents a brilliant example of integrated design where aesthetics and feeling of the space find the right balance with high comfort and respect for the environmental.
It also offers a unique experience in the African landscape through its intimate and warm spaces that celebrate the wildness of the surroundings and wrap the visitors in direct contact with nature and complete comfort.
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook
项目信息：
项目名称：奥卡万戈旅舍
设计单位：Nicholas Plewman建筑事务所和MBA
项目位置：非洲博茨瓦纳共和国奥卡万戈三角洲
建造时间：2014年
项目面积：11500平方英尺
获奖信息：A+Awards2016年度酒店和度假村类的获奖作品
委托人：&Beyond
Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge Photo credit: Dook 图片提供：Dook
Full Project Credits For Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge:
Project: Sandibe Okavango Safari Lodge
Architects: Nicholas Plewman Architects in Association with Michaelis Boyd Associates (MBA)
Location: Okavango Delta, Botswana, Africa
Date of construction: 2014
Size: 11,500-square-foot
Awards: winners in the Hotels & Resorts category at the A+Awards 2016
Clients: &Beyond
出处：本文译自landarchs.com/，转载请注明出处。
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