【建筑灵感手册】从海平面到天际线：西雅图和普吉特湾的十大文化建筑
——探索太平洋西北地区的“西北风格”“西北现代风格”建筑
From Sea to Sky: 10 Significant Cultural Projects in Seattle and Puget Sound——Whether you call it “Northwest Regional” or “Northwest Modern,” discover what the architecture of the Pacific Northwest is all about.

由专筑网王雪纯，小R编译

建筑根植于材料、历史和人民。在美国西北部太平洋地区，地方性建筑传统使其特征更加显著。这些构筑物有着“西北”或“西北现代”风格，反映了各种项目类型的多样化景观和建筑技术，在总体上呈现为一种与地方性深深相连的建筑体系。

西北建筑有许多明显特征。比如广泛使用未粉刷的木材和玻璃、极简装饰、通过不对称的平面布局和低屋顶以及突出的屋檐与场地融合。人们对工艺和细节的把握，以及对视角和规模的理解，都得到了充分的体现。让我们把视野聚焦于西雅图和普吉特海湾，来鉴赏以下具有设计代表性的西北地区文化项目。虽然这些案例具有相似的特点，但每一个作品似乎都在重新定义如今的地方建筑。

Architecture is rooted in materials, history and people. In the Pacific Northwest, building traditions are so closely tied to place that they have their own distinct features. Dubbed the “Northwest Regional” or “Northwest Modern” style, these structures reflect diverse landscapes and construction techniques across project types. The sum is a body of architecture deeply tied to its context.
Northwest Regional buildings have many defining features. They often include the extensive use of unpainted wood and glass, minimal decoration, site integration through asymmetrical floor plans and low roofs with overhanging eaves. There’s an appreciation for craft and detailing, as well as an understanding of views and scale. Zeroing in on Seattle and Puget Sound, the following projects highlight Northwest Regional design through cultural projects. While they share similar features, they each look to redefine what it means to build an architecture of place today.


太空针塔世纪项目

·设计师：Olson Kundig
·项目地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

The Century Project for the Space Needle
By Olson Kundig, Seattle, WA, United States





太空针塔最初为1962年世界博览会所建，早已成为太平洋西北地区的国际性象征和西雅图的标志。在其成立55年之际，太空针塔开启了“世纪项目”，这是一项重大的举措，期望为未来50年创造新的游客体验，从而保留下这座地标的遗产价值。地标塔的改造中，最重要的是展示原始结构的独创性，首次向公众展示了旋转楼层的机械结构等结构部件。

Olson Kundig工作室在设计主管Alan Maskin的领导下设计了太空针塔的新观景台和餐厅，以最初塑造太空针塔的相同概念“观察的地方”为基础。新设计方案包括世界上第一个位于餐厅层的旋转玻璃地板、观景台上的落地玻璃隔墙和一体式玻璃长凳、连接三层楼的钢材玻璃楼梯，也重新设计了整个“针塔顶层”的室内空间。

Originally built for the 1962 World’s Fair, the Space Needle has become an international icon of the Pacific Northwest and a symbol of Seattle. In its 55th year, the Space Needle underwent the Century Project, a significant redesign to preserve the landmark’s legacy by creating a new visitor experience for the next 50 years. The transformation of the landmark tower is focused on revealing the ingenuity of the original structure, parts of which, including the mechanics of the revolving floor, are made visible for the first time.
Olson Kundig’s design of the Space Needle’s new observation deck and restaurant was led by Design Principal Alan Maskin and builds on the same conceptual premise that originally informed the Space Needle – a place devoted to observation. The new design includes the world’s first rotating glass floor on the restaurant level, floor-to-ceiling glass barriers with integral glass benches on the observation deck, a new steel and glass stairway with a glass-floored oculus connecting all three floors, and revised interiors throughout the “top house” of the Needle.


西北铁路档案博物馆

·设计师：Signal Architecture + Research， The Miller Hull Partnership
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，斯诺夸尔米

Northwest Railway Museum Archives
By Signal Architecture + Research and The Miller Hull Partnership, Snoqualmie, WA, United States





新建西北铁路档案博物馆用铁轨展示了人民、文化和历史的统一面貌。建筑包含了集会空间、博物馆管理办公室、安全档案研究室和支持组织铁路游览以及铁路保护和修复活动的公共洗手间设施。这条铁路由西雅图、湖岸和东部铁路公司于1890年建造，后来又重组为西雅图国际铁路。1901年，铁路和车站被并入北太平洋铁路。

作为西北铁路博物馆校园教育项目的扩展，档案馆将成为喀斯喀特山脉少数几个以铁路影响了西华盛顿州设立和发展的重点历史资料库之一。这些来自太平洋西北历史重要时期的文物和历史现在得到了保护，可供研究、游览，还可以通过社区活动、培训和私人预约进行学习。

The new Northwest Railway Museum Archives creates a cohesive look at people, culture and history through rail. The building provides an assembly space, museum administration offices, secure research archives and public restroom facilities that support the organization’s rail tours and railway conservation and restoration activities. The rail line was constructed by the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway in 1890 and reorganized as the Seattle International Railway. By 1901 the railway and the depot were absorbed into the Northern Pacific Railway.
As an extension to the educational programming of the NW Railway Museum campus, the archives will be one of the few historical repositories in the Cascades possessing a collection focused on the influence of the railroad in the founding and growth of Western Washington. The collection of artifacts and history of this important period in Pacific Northwest history is now protected in this repository and available for research, tours, and learning through community events, training and private appointments.


西雅图艺术博物馆：奥林匹克雕塑公园

·设计师：WEISS/MANFREDI
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Seattle Art Museum: Olympic Sculpture Park
By WEISS/MANFREDI, Seattle, WA, United States





奥林匹克雕塑公园是西雅图的象征和地标。项目设想了一种新型城市雕塑公园模式，位于水边的工业用地上。设计构造了一个大型艺术景观，一个不间断的Z形“绿色”平台，从城市下降40英尺直至水面，充分利用了天际线和埃利奥特湾的景色，再上升至现有基础设施之上，将城市核心重新连接到复兴的海滨。

设计团队WEISS/MANFREDI的解释是，展览馆提供了艺术、表演和教育空间。步道从展馆延伸到水边，连接了西北部三个典型的新景观点：浓郁的温带常绿森林、落叶森林和海岸花园。设计方案不仅将让雕塑走出了博物馆，还将公园本身融入了城市的景观中。

Olympic Sculpture Park has become a symbol and landmark in Seattle. Envisioned as a new model for an urban sculpture park, the project is located on an industrial site at the water’s edge. The design creates a continuous constructed landscape for art, forms an uninterrupted Z-shaped “green” platform, and descends 40 feet from the city to the water, capitalizing on views of the skyline and Elliot Bay and rising over the existing infrastructure to reconnect the urban core to the revitalized waterfront.
As WEISS/MANFREDI explains, the exhibition pavilion provides space for art, performances and educational programming. From this pavilion, the pedestrian route descends to the water, linking three new archetypal landscapes of the northwest: a dense temperate evergreen forest, a deciduous forest and a shoreline garden. The design not only brings sculpture outside of the museum walls but brings the park itself into the landscape of the city.


派克市场广场

·设计师：The Miller Hull Partnership
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Pike Place MarketFront
By The Miller Hull Partnership, Seattle, WA, United States







派克市场是西雅图城市肌理的支柱。设计团队的愿景是通过现代主义的轻盈感、透明感来展示这座城市珍视的地标，同时打造一处宏大的公共集会空间。团队从派克市场的简单实用特性中找到了情境灵感，场地中原有的混凝土柱、横梁结构，以及常见的重型木材元素也给予了启发。

派克市场不仅仅是一个公共市场，这个转变为历史街区的社区是农民、工匠、小型企业和居民的家园，每个人都是该地区历史和特色的组成部分。2017年完工的派克市场广场迎合现在，也展望未来，充当着从市中心到海滨的门户。如今，该项目作为一个关键的连接点，在10分钟的步行距离内提供最基本的贸易和服务，并且交通情况极佳。

Pike Place Market has become a backbone of Seattle’s urban fabric. The design team’s vision was to open the city’s treasured landmark with grand public gathering space framed by a contemporary lightness and transparency. The team found contextual inspiration in the character of Pike Place Market’s simple utilitarian character, as well as in the concrete post and beam structures and heavy timber elements commonly found throughout the existing market.
More than just a public market, this neighborhood turned historic district is home to farmers, craftspeople, small businesses and residents, each an integral part of the area’s history and character. Completed in 2017, Pike Place Marketfront caters to the present, but looks to the future, acting as the gateway from the heart of downtown to the waterfront. Today, the project serves as a critical connection point where the most essential goods and services are available within a 10-minute walk and well-served by transit.


亚洲艺术博物馆

·设计师：LMN建筑事务所
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Asian Art Museum
By LMN Architects, Seattle, WA, United States





西雅图亚洲艺术博物馆的翻新和扩建旨在融入由奥姆斯特德设计的志愿者公园的景观之中。设计方案代表了场地与博物馆现代化的整合，并向1933年由Bebb和Gould设计的装饰艺术派建筑致敬。一组台阶通向建筑西侧的门厅入口。一进入大堂，公园尽收眼底。

翻新和新增的部分强调了富勒花园中庭作为博物馆中心的历史特性，既包含走廊通道，也包括向公园大堂的两个新入口，让人们把期待值拉满。新大堂是通往项目空间的垂直连接点，主要由玻璃组成，给人一种空间漂浮在景观中的印象。该项目尊重并保留了历史建筑的遗产特征和公园的完整性。

The renovation and expansion of the Seattle Asian Art Museum was made to integrate into the Olmsted designed landscape of Volunteer Park. The design represents the integration of the building’s spectacular site with the museum’s mission for the 21st century, and in turn, respects the 1933 Bebb and Gould designed Art Deco building. A set of steps lead to the Art Deco lobby entrance on the west side of the building. Once inside, the Entry Lobby unfolds into the new Park Lobby.
The renovation and addition reaffirms the original character of the Fuller Garden Court as the central hub of the museum, which not only provides access to the gallery spaces, but also establishes a sense of expectation that is reinforced by the two new portals that open to the Park Lobby. The new lobby is the vertical connector to the program spaces and is composed mostly of glass, giving the impression that the space is floating in the landscape. The project honors and preserves the architectural legacy of the historic building and integrity of the park.


325 Westlake

·设计师：GRAHAM BABA建筑事务所
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

325 Westlake
By GRAHAM BABA ARCHITECTS, Seattle, WA, United States





325 Westlake是一个艺术驱动项目，位于正在快速发展的南湖联盟社区，项目尊重周围社区的历史和规模，并欢迎新事物的到来。项目的开发动机是为MadArt提供一个基地，MadArt是一项以各种方式将新兴艺术家与社区联系在一起的艺术计划。325为这栋近百年历史的建筑注入了创新的生命力。

正如设计团队所说，建筑面向Westlake大道的可操作玻璃落地窗立面反映了MadArt的主旨，即鼓励艺术家和行人互动，并允许路人走进来体验艺术创作过程。新增的遮阳篷提供防护，鼓励人们逗留。原有的砖石和木结构通过钢制力矩框架、新屋顶和系统升级解决了未来的使用问题。

325 Westlake is an art-driven project in the rapidly developing South Lake Union neighborhood that honors the historic character and scale of the surrounding neighborhood and welcomes that which is new. The impetus for the development was to offer a home for MadArt, an art initiative focused on connecting emerging artists with the community in unexpected ways. 325 injects an innovative new life into a nearly century-old building.
As the design team outlines, the Westlake Avenue façade reveals the MadArt mission by featuring the process of creating art with full-height operable glazing, encouraging interaction between artists and pedestrians, and allowing passers-by to step into the space and experience the art-making process. New awnings provide protection, encouraging people to linger. The existing masonry and wood structure addresses its future life with seismic upgrades including steel moment frames, new roof and upgraded systems.


奇胡利玻璃艺术馆

·设计师：Owen Richards建筑事务所
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Chihuly Garden and Glass
By Owen Richards Architects, Seattle, WA, United States





西雅图本地的玻璃艺术家Dale Chihuly携手西雅图中心在太空针塔的基座里安放了一个玻璃装置。它包括原有的拱廊建筑（现在是展览厅）、雕塑花园和作为项目核心的玻璃房屋。Chihuly在这个空间里摆满了他职业生涯早期的艺术品和新雕塑作品。

Chihuly玻璃艺术馆的核心是玻璃房屋，Chihuly从小就非常喜欢温室。设计灵感来自巴黎的圣礼拜堂和伦敦的水晶宫。玻璃房屋中的装置是一件100英尺长的巨大雕塑。这是Chihuly最大的悬挂雕塑作品之一，由许多单独的元素组合而成。

Glass artist and Seattle native Dale Chihuly joined with the Seattle Center to create a glass installation located at the base of the Space Needle in Seattle, Wash. It includes the existing arcade building, which is now the exhibition hall, a sculpture garden and a glass house as the centerpiece of the project. Chihuly populated the space with a combination of artworks from earlier in his career and new sculptures.
The centerpiece of Chihuly Garden and Glass is the Glasshouse — an expression of Chihuly’s lifelong appreciation for conservatories. The design draws inspiration from Sainte-Chapelle in Paris and the Crystal Palace in London. The installation in the Glasshouse is an expansive, 100-foot long sculpture. Made of many individual elements, it is one of Chihuly’s largest suspended sculptures.


伯克自然历史与文化博物馆

·设计师：Olson Kundig
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
By Olson Kundig, Seattle, WA, United States







作为华盛顿州最古老的公共博物馆，伯克自然历史和文化博物馆拥有从图腾、宝石到恐龙化石的超过1600万件文物和标本。博物馆的核心使命是帮助无论是馆长、参观者，还是教育工作者和学生在内的每个人与自然世界的复杂性建立起联系。因为博物馆的收藏性质，新增的建筑需要扮演一个中间的角色，随着时间的推移提供灵活性。

大面积的玻璃使透明度最大化，公开向街道展示内部体验，这样一来，博物馆、校园、景观和城市俨然成为一体。设计进一步打破了传统博物馆中公共空间和“后台”空间之间的障碍，将收藏和研究实验室与传统画廊相整合，使参观者和周边社区能够在真实的博物馆工作中参与科研过程。外部的Kebony木材外墙和又高又窄的窗户组成的序列对应着太平洋西北部的森林，就像雪松或冷杉一样，博物馆的苏格兰松木外墙将随着时间的推移逐渐变成银色。

As the oldest public museum in Washington State, the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture has a collection of over 16 million artifacts and specimens, ranging from totem poles and gemstones to dinosaur fossils. At its core, the mission of the Burke is to help everyone — curators, visitors, educators and students — make a connection with the natural world in all its complexities. Because the Burke is a collecting museum, the new building needed to serve as a coherent container that would allow for flexibility over time.
Large areas of glazing maximize transparency and expose the interior experience to the street to connect the Burke to the campus, landscape and city. The design further breaks down traditional museum barriers between public and “back-of-house” spaces, integrating collections and research labs with traditional galleries and enabling visitors and the surrounding community to engage with the process of scientific discovery in a true working museum. The exterior Kebony siding and sequence of tall, narrow windows reference forests across the Pacific Northwest, and like cedar or fir, the Burke’s Scots pine siding will silver with age.



班布里奇岛艺术博物馆

·设计师：Coates 设计工作室
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，班布里奇岛

Bainbridge Island Museum of Art
By Coates Design, Bainbridge Island, WA, United States







班布里奇岛美术馆（BIMA）是一座地标性建筑，当人们从西雅图乘坐渡轮下船到达班布里奇岛时便会看到它。建筑的弧线引导游客走向入口，而玻璃的大量使用则让人们可以窥视博物馆内的展品。它代表了社区对视觉艺术的承诺，具有环境适应性。

设计团队让BIMA配合周边环境，成为社区机构的象征角色。随着太阳绕着建筑移动，百叶窗会自动转动，呼应太阳在天空中的位置和强度。百叶窗由一系列光传感器控制开关。这让自然光线过滤进建筑的同时却不会损坏艺术品。BIMA外部的弯曲形态部分归因于当地社区。

The Bainbridge Island Museum of Art (BIMA) is a landmark that greets visitors and locals upon disembarking the Bainbridge Island ferry boat from Seattle. The building’s curve beckons visitors toward the entrance and the generous use of glazing allows people to peer into the museum displays. It represents the community’s commitment to the visual arts, and it adapts to its environment.
The team designed BIMA to respond to its environment, embodying its symbolic role as a “living” community institution. As the sun moves around the building, louvers shift automatically, responding to the location and intensity of the sun in the sky. The louvers are controlled by a series of light sensors that trigger them to open and or close. This allows natural light to filter into the building without damaging the art. Outside, BIMA’s striking curved form is a design element attributed in part to the local community.


西雅图水族馆

·设计师：Mithun
·地点：美国，华盛顿州，西雅图

Seattle Aquarium
By Mithun, Seattle, WA, United States





在西雅图和普吉特海湾，随处可见奇妙和探索的地方，它们与海洋有共同的联系。位于历史悠久的59号码头，这个复杂的租赁改善项目赋予了西雅图水族馆的教育使命生命力：“激发我们对海洋环境的保护”。这个扩建项目非常灵活，同时十分温馨，为寻求体验太平洋西北的游客提供了全年活动的场所。

在设计方面，一个具有视觉吸引的双层高大厅用于白天展览和晚间活动，由一个称为“华盛顿水域之窗”的14万加仑展览区作为支点。该展览由BIOS有限公司设计，展示来自西北海岸的本地水生物种类。与此同时，新增的空间具备自然通风、采光等优点，设有增加灵活性的高架地板。

Places of wonder and discovery can be found throughout Seattle and the Puget Sound, and they share a common connection to the ocean. Located in historic Pier 59, this complex tenant improvement brings the Seattle Aquarium’s educational mission to life: “Inspiring conservation of our marine environment.” Made to be flexible and welcoming, the expansion provides a prominent, year round setting for visitors and events seeking a quintessential Pacific Northwest experience.
For the design, a dramatic double-height Great Hall for daytime exhibits and evening events is anchored by a 140,000 gallon exhibit called Window on Washington Waters. Designed by BIOS, LLC, the exhibit highlights native aquatic species from the Northwest coast. At the same time, the new space features natural ventilation, daylight harvesting and a raised access floor for program flexibility.