建筑师：Christensen & Co Architects
地点：哥本哈根，丹麦
面积：970平方米
年份：2009
摄影：Adam Mork
•        丹麦，Christensen & Co. architects Copenhagen 事务所，教育类建筑
Architects:Christensen & Co Architects

Location: Copenhagen, Denmark

Area: 970 sqm

Year: 2009

Photographs: Adam Mork
•        EducationalSelected WorksChristensen & Co. architectsCopenhagenDenmark

以下内容来自建筑事务所。绿色灯塔是丹麦第一家中和二氧化碳的公众建筑，同时它还是哥本哈根大学科学院教职人员的居住地。建筑环绕式的形态和立面调整型的百叶窗反应了太阳运动的轨迹。太阳，作为能量的主要来源，是这座新建筑背后设计概念的重中之重。绿色灯塔的设计建立在一系列的能源概念的实验基础之上，包括了一些供给的组合，有区域的热量，光电，太阳能还有冷流和季节性的能量储藏。70%的能源减耗量是直接来自于建筑设计的合理。“太阳是能源的主要来源，建筑环绕式的形态和立面调整型的百叶窗反应了太阳运动的轨迹。”建筑师迈克尔•克里斯滕森，同时也是Christensen & Co. architects事务所的创立者如是向我们解说这座新建筑的设计理念。
From the architect. Green Lighthouse is Denmark’s first CO2 neutral public building and home to the Faculty of Science at the University of Copenhagen. The building’s circular shape and the adjustable louvers of the façade mirror the course of the sun. The sun being the predominant source of energy is the overriding design concept behind the new building. Green Lighthouse is based on a whole new experiment with an energy concept, consisting of a supply combination of district heating, photo voltaic, solar heating and – cooling and seasonal storage. 70% of the reduction of the energy consumption is the direct consequence of architectural design. “With the sun as the predominant source of energy, the building’s round shape and the adjustable louvers of the facade mirror the course of the sun around the building.” This is how Michael Christensen, architect, director and founder of Christensen & Co. architects explains the overriding design concept of the new building.

为了实现减碳的目的，许多绿色设计的手法都被综合运用。从而给学生和全体教职人员提供了一处全套的健康的室内环境。建筑本身也是以最大化利用太阳能资源为目的。透过仔细排布的VELUX天窗、Velfac玻璃窗还有充足的庭院，大量的日光和徐徐微风进入到室内。最终，那些明显地融合起来的艺术技术都得到了运用——热量回收系统，光电板，太阳热能，LED光照，阶段变换的材料还有地热能等技术都被融合入这个设计之中。
To achieve carbon neutrality, many green design features were incorporated to reduce energy use and provide a holistic and healthy indoor environment for students and faculty. The building itself was oriented to maximize its solar resources, while windows and doors are recessed and covered with automatic solar shades to minimise direct solar heat gain inside the building. Plentiful daylight and natural ventilation are provided by means of the carefully placed VELUX skylights, Velfac windows and the generous atrium. Finally, sensibly integrated state-of-the-art technology has been applied: heat recovery systems, photovoltaic panels, solar heating, LED lighting, phase change materials, geothermal heat are just some of the technologies that are seamlessly integrated into the building.

这次的能源理念包涵一种新型的运用区域热量来操作热能泵的手法，用区域热量代替电能可以减少二氧化碳的排放量。同时，由于区域热能是一种可再生能源，区域热能的运用还能确保能源更高效的利用。这套能源概念保证了太阳，这一可再生能源的最佳利用方法，既可以在夏天制冷，也能在冬天提高泵的运作效率。这套概念通过南向的窗子，利用太阳能给地板供热同时可以在土地下贮存。
The energy concept consists of a new type of solution using district heating to operate a heat pump, thus producing less CO2 by using district heating instead of electricity. The district heating ensures a far more efficient use of energy, since the district heating is based on renewable energy sources. The energy concept ensures an optimal use of renewable energy using the sun, both for cooling in summer and to improve pump operation in the winter. The concept use solar energy by utilizing solar heat, through south facing windows for floor heating and seasonal storage in the soil.

热能泵可以保证建筑内太阳热量、地热还有冷循环系统的正常运作。这一点强调了区域热能的利用，而且只会在没有太阳热能储蓄的时候才会启用。房间的热量理论上由35%的太阳能，55%的热能泵，剩下的直接来自于区域热能的运作系统。而大部分提供给电灯、通风还有泵的运作由屋顶上45平方米的太阳能电池提供。建筑消耗的能源大约有50%来自于可再生能源。同时，再加上一些低能耗的设备，与传统的建造方式相比，可以节省80%的能源消耗。
A heat pump ensures that solar heat, geothermal and cooling circulates around the building. This optimizes the utilization of district heat, which only comes into use if there is no solar heat in storage. Heating is expected to be composed of 35 percent solar and 55 percent from heat pump with the rest coming directly from the district heating network. The majority of the electricity for lighting, ventilation and pumps are provided by the 45 m2 of solar cells on the roof. Approximately 50 percent of the building’s energy will be covered by renewable energy. Together with the low energy requirements there will be a saving of 80 percent compared to a conventional construction.

中央的核心部分为公共交流提供一处空间，同时这处地方还是贯通建筑的通风采光的通道。其他的房间还有设备房间都围绕这处中心的空间布置，透过天窗，人们可以感受到建筑外太阳的变换。建筑的设计理念就是日晷，是自然界的光信号主题。作为一个外观绿色的建筑，绿色灯塔同时是校园北区的标志性建筑，是在该区域中心位置一个可见的，可辨识的建筑。
The central core provides space for social interaction, but it is also a channel for letting in light and ventilation of the air which is drawn out of the building. All other rooms and functions are laid out around this central space, where the motion of the sun around the building will be reflected through the skylights. The architectural concept for the building is the sundial, signaling light as a theme from the world of science. Being a green colored building, Green Lighthouse will serve as a visible and recognizable center for the area providing identity to the entire North Campus area.

去年于11月，在哥本哈根召开的联合国气候大会上，该建筑是可持续建筑的典型案例。科学、技术还有创新部长，Helge Sander说道：“每一个参与绿色灯塔的设计人员都应感到非常骄傲。这座建筑是一个时髦的，模范式的，环境友好的构筑物。这在即将到来的丹麦的气候峰会上帮助锁定关注的重点。与此同时，这座建筑也是对其他大学还有建造者的促进和鼓励，也对可持续建筑解决方法的工业建造基础知识颇有贡献。
The building served as a showcase for sustainable building at the UN’s Climate Conference in Copenhagen in December last year. Minister for Science, Technology and Innovation, Helge Sander states; “Everyone who has had a share in the Green Lighthouse project has every reason to be proud. It is a stylish, exemplary, climate-friendly construction, which will help focus the attention on Danish know-how during the forthcoming climate summit. At the same time, the building can serve as inspiration to other universities and builders, while also contributing to the construction industry’s knowledge base of sustainable building solutions”.

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     特别鸣谢翻译一组3号 王高欣 提供的翻译，译稿版权归译者所有，转载请注出明处。