由专筑网范思慧，刘庆新编译
来自建筑师的描述。只有1800位居民的Visegrád，是匈牙利最小的城镇。城镇中心的发展是受经济危机影响的成功范例——忽略其消极影响，经济危机使得小镇改变了最初夸张的想法，促进了可持续发展的诞生，满足当地社区的长期需要和旅游业的临时需求。
From the architect. Visegrád, with its 1800 inhabitants, is considered to be the smallest town of Hungary. The development of the town center is a fine example for how the original exaggerating ideas were altered due to the economic crisis – besides its negative effects – and facilitated the birth of a sustainable development, satisfying the continuous needs of the local community and the temporary demands of tourism.
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Visegrád已有千年的历史，最初是皇家府邸，而如今无论在建筑还是规模上都更加质朴、乡土。2000年成为独立城镇后，Visegrád启动了一个就这个城镇大小来讲的大规模竞标项目——在这个中世纪小镇的主广场上建造一个新的城镇中心。在2008年，中标者Anna Mária Tamás和 Krisztián Kovács-Andor （后来加入）开始设计城镇中心、礼堂、沙龙、文化中心、一个新的主广场和其他公众空间。然而在未来的几年中，经济危机的严峻影响改变了原计划，项目被要求重新整改。考虑到可持续性和成本效益问题，这个城镇中心开始朝着新的方向发展。我们几乎重新定义了设计方案，强调利用现有的以及闲置的建筑。现代化、翻新与扩张是主线，尽量减少新建筑的产生。唯一的新建筑是集会大厅。
Visegrád is a thousand-year-old settlement, formerly used as royal residency, however the town today is rather rustic in terms of its scale and buildings. In 2000, after acquiring the town status, the settlement undertook a monumental mission, compared to its size. At the place of the supposed medieval town’s main square, a plan was put out to competition to build a new town center. In 2008, as the winners of the previously mentioned competition, Anna Mária Tamás and Krisztián Kovács-Andor (aplusarchitects) began to design the town center, town hall, saloon, cultural center, a new main square and other public spaces. However, in the next few years the emergence of the economic crisis overwrote the original ideas and required the revision of the design program. Considering sustainability and cost-effectiveness the development of the town center took a new direction. We completely redefined the design program, which put the emphasis on the utilization of the existing and idle buildings. Moreover modernization, refurbishment and expansion were major concerns with a low number of new constructions. The only entirely new element is the events hall.
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Site Plan/总平面图
集会大厅位于市政大厅的原址上，最初设想是建在这个中世纪德国小镇的主广场上。功能上，一方面它是城镇中心面向多瑙河的门面，另一方面它连接一大一小两个集会广场。建筑可以向爬满爬山虎的墙面开启，大门消失在层层叶片的覆盖下，它可以为一个又一个盛大的活动提供服务。它的集会空间——开启或关闭——适合于组织交易会，展览会，招待会和手工艺市场。
The events hall can be found at the place of the town hall, designed originally, in the façade of the medieval German town’s main square. Its role, on the one hand is to provide a face for the town center with being a gate towards the Danube, on the other hand it creates connection between the big and the small events squares. The building can be opened into blade walls, with its ‘disappearing’ gates it is able to serve one and the other, in case of grand events, both. Its events square – open or closed – is suitable for organizing exhibitions, presentations, receptions and craft markets.
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疗养中心立面的扩展板采用的是华丽的木质山墙，与俯瞰多瑙河的主街建筑相呼应。它的实际功能是户外的阁楼爬梯，主要作用是组成朝向集会广场和多瑙河的疗养中心立面。
The paneling expansion of the Health-house’s façade is the contemporary transcript of the ornate wooden pediments of the houses in the Main Street overlooking the Danube. Its actual function is an outdoor covered-open loft ladder, however its main role is to form the facade of the Health-house towards the events square and the Danube.
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Floor Plan/楼层平面图
公共空间的翻修符合城镇当前和实际的需要。作为公共空间项目的一部分，疗养院打造了一个院子，在周末被用作为生物市场。在集会大厅和疗养院之间较小的集会广场适合用于组织小型的城市项目，更符合小城镇的规模。面向多瑙河的大草坪上，正兴起着当时国际知名的宫廷游戏。
The refurbishment of the public spaces is adjusted to the current and real needs of the town. As part of the public spaces program, the yard of the Health-house was formed, which is used as a bio market at the weekends. The smaller events square between the events buildings and the Health-house is suitable for organizing minor town programs, a public square calibrated to the size of a small town. The bigger grassy space, facing the Danube, comes alive at the time of the internationally-known Palace Games.
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由于当地复杂的情况，建筑更多地是作为完整景观的一部分，而非仅仅是一个新的房屋元素。结构和材料的选择，室内外空间的定义，它们之间通过两种方式相互连接起来。室内外空间的联系采用了门窗的非传统方式。建筑开口直观地表现了内部情况。建筑基本上是一个临时空间。一方面作为一个围护结构，另一方面通过开启或关闭将集会广场与其他空间分开。
Due to the complex situation, the building was formed not as a new, house-like element of the town, but rather an object-like gesture of the complete landscape. The choice of structure and materials, the definition of the interior and exterior spaces, and the connections among all these were considered as its two tools. The connection between the exterior and interior spaces comes into being in a non-traditional way, by means of windows and doors. The openings on the building serve the object-like state of the house. The building is mainly a temporary space. On the one hand it is a covered-opened shed functioning as a gate-motif, on the other hand it is an events square being able to be differentially open and closed with the other spaces.
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临时性和可持续性
建筑的功能就像是一个次立面，或者像一层膜，在某些情况下可以转换。为了产生这种效果，木材被选为主要的结构和覆盖材料。木材具有的特点可以解决出现的问题。自然的、当地的、传统的建筑材料，若保存时间相当且灵活可变，必要的时候可以替换 。在可持续发展方面，对建筑生命周期来说，这也是一个不错的选择。
Provisionality and sustainability
The building functions as a secondary façade, as a membrane, and in certain cases it is transformable. In order to have this quality, wood was chosen as a primary structural and covering material. Wood possesses the features, which meant solution for the problems arose. Natural, local and traditional building material, which also ages fairly and it is alterable, if necessary it can be ‘eliminated’ without any problem. In terms of sustainability, it is also a fine choice in connection with the entire lifecycle of the building.
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除了前面提到的，可持续性还意味着当地工匠需要达到一定的技术条件。建筑配备有单独设计并当地制造的家具。家具布置是形成空间的重要因素，它可以随着社会和需求的改变而改变。此外，重要的是尽可能减少空间和需求，并且创造节约的面积和材料的功能。
Beyond the previously mentioned, sustainability meant technologies that can be available also for craftsmen being present in the local community. The building was furnished with individually designed and locally made furniture. It was a crucial aspect to form spaces that can be used in a differentiated way by the constantly changing community and by means of changing the needs it can easily be transformable. It was also essential to minimize demands and spaces and create functions with using the minimum amount of space and materials.
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当地社区——游客
Visegrád 有一个非常活跃且极具特色的社区，由于当地的规模，游客可以很容易地参与其中，并且能轻易地发现它在设计上的改变。另一方面，受众目标更多地考虑是来自外地的匈牙利人和外国游客。建筑希望能够满足居民的日常需求，同时，能够为大量游客提供临时服务。该项目在 15个提名的匈牙利项目中脱颖而出，获得2015年密斯凡德罗奖。
Local communities – tourists
In Visegrád there is an active community with strong identity, where participation is easier due to the scale of the settlement, and it can also be observed in the change of the design program. On the other hand, the target audience is an even more considerable layer consists of Hungarian and foreign tourists. The building is eager to satisfy the everyday needs of the inhabitants and in tandem with that, it is able to serve vast crowds at temporary programs as well. The project was nominated among the 15 hungarian project to the Mies van der Rohe Award 2015.
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© The Greypixel Workshop
© The Greypixel Workshop
© The Greypixel Workshop
Elevation/正面图
Sketch/略图
建筑设计: aplusarchitects, S73 stúdió
项目位置: 匈牙利 Visegrád
设计团队: Tamás Anna Mária, Kovács-Andor Krisztián
景观设计: S73 stúdió
项目面积: 370.0 平方米
项目时间: 2014
摄影: József Lipka
Architects: aplusarchitects, S73 stúdió
Location: Visegrád, Hungary
Design Team: Tamás Anna Mária, Kovács-Andor Krisztián
Landscape Architects: S73 stúdió
Area: 370.0 sqm
Year: 2014
Photographs: József Lipka
出处：本文译自www.archdaily.com/，转载请注明出处。
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